野性以色列（2016）

for frequent,underground avalanches.
因为这个原因,洞穴不向游客开放.
For this reason the caves aren't open to tourists.
这是世界上最长的盐洞；
This is the longest salt cave in the world;
它分♥裂♥和扭曲超过3英里.
it splits off and twists for over over 3 miles.
这座山有更自然的走廊
The mountain contains even more natural hallways
还有通道,还有地下湖.
and passages,as well as underground lakes.
在水面上,手电筒露出水面
Above the water the flashlight reveals
闪烁的盐钟乳石和白色石膏晶体
glittering salt stalactites and white gypsum crystals
像丝线一样悬挂.
hanging like threads of silk.
即使在夏天炎热的天气里,也有凉爽的空气
Even during the summer heat a cool atmosphere prevails
在山洞里.
in the cave.
要回到地面需要很大的努力.
It takes a huge effort to return up to the surface.
外面,夏日的炎热
Outside,the summer heat
升到华氏118度,
soaring to 118 degrees Fahrenheit,
蒸发和干燥土壤和海洋.
evaporates and desiccates the soil and sea.
离索多玛山不远,隐藏着一个充满活力的世界,
Not far from mount Sodom,hides a vibrant world,
完全不同于死海干旱的海岸线.
completely unlike the Dead Sea's arid coastline.
淡水泉冲破岩石
Freshwater springs burst through rock
创造流动的河流和绿洲.
to create flowing rivers and oases.
墙壁和潮湿的悬崖上点缀着苔藓和蕨类植物
Walls and humid cliffs are adorned with mosses and ferns
即使在盛夏.
even at the height of summer.
丰富的水与高温结合在一起
Abundant water combines with high temperatures
创造局部的热带潮湿条件
to create localized tropical moist conditions
在峡谷的隐蔽处,与世隔绝.
in the canyon's hideaway,isolated from the surroundings.
这种不可思议的炼金术允许潮湿亚♥热♥带的植物
This incredible alchemy allows plants of the humid subtropics
在沙漠植物旁生长.
to grow alongside desert plants.
这反过来又在沙漠中开辟了一个繁茂的新世界.
This in turn has opened up a lush new world in the desert.
这个热带生态位代表了真正的天堂
This tropical niche represents real heaven
为了崔斯特瑞姆的椋鸟.
for Tristram's starlings.
特里斯特瑞姆椋鸟的叫声
The call of the Tristram's starling
现在整个犹太沙漠都能听到.
is now heard throughout the Judean Desert.
在夏末,在筑巢季节之后
In late summer,after the nesting season
当他们一对一对地生活在峡谷里,
when they lived in the canyons in isolated pairs,
特里斯特拉姆的椋鸟聚集成一大群吵闹的鸟群.
the Tristram's starlings gather into large noisy flocks.
寻找沙漠植物、昆虫的果实
Looking for the fruits of desert plants,insects
还有食物的碎屑.
and crumbs of food.
从现在起,这些鸟将群居
The birds will live as a group from now
直到冬天结束.
until the end of the winter.
朱迪亚沙漠的秋天即将来临.
Autumn approaches in the Judean Desert.
温度下降.太阳变得更仁慈了.
Temperatures drop.The sun becomes more merciful.
低沉的敲门声开始在峭壁间回响
Muffled knocking sounds begin to echo among the cliffs
一整天.
throughout the day.
对于沙漠的居民来说这些声音
For the desert's inhabitants these sounds
预示着秋天的来临.
herald the coming autumn.
在交♥配♥季节之前,雄性野山羊
Before the mating season,the male ibex compete
以确定它们在牛群中的地位.
to determine their status in the herd.
在初秋,它看起来像一场游戏,而不是一场真正的战斗,
In early autumn it looks like a game,not a real fight,
但随着时间的推移,冲突变得越来越严重.
but as the days pass the confrontations become serious.
只有最强壮的才会和雌性♥交♥配
Only the strongest will mate with the females
把他们的后代带到世界上来.
and bring their offspring into the world.
通常一个简单的凝视匹配就足够了；
Often a simple staring match suffices;
在这种情况下,最强壮的雄性有最长的角
in this case the strongest male with the longest horns
不战而胜,但如果参赛者
wins without a fight,but if the contestants
大小相等,真正的战斗就会发生
are equal in size a true battle will take place
直到一个人被打败.
until one is defeated.
这些打击会使人致残；
These blows would cripple a human;
其他大多数动物都会受重伤,但野山羊不会
most other animals would be badly injured,but not the ibex
他们强壮的头骨有助于保护他们
Their strong skulls help protect them
从这些冲击的野蛮力量.
from the brute force of these impacts.
失败者似乎感到筋疲力尽；
The loser appears to feel exhausted;
胜利者为求爱做好准备.
And the winner prepares himself for courting.
在一年中的大部分时间里,雄性生活在
Throughout most of the year the males live
在一个单独的群体中,只有现在它们才接近
in a separate herd,only now do they approach
母牛群.
the female herd.
公山羊抬起上唇伸出舌头
The male ibex raises his upper lip and sticks out his tongue
去嗅和品尝雌性的准备.
to smell and taste the females' readiness.
他围着他们等了好几天
He circles them for days waiting for them
进入高温状态.
to come into heat.
雌性野山羊只热了几天,
The female ibex is in heat for only a few days,
如果雄性错过了机会,
and if the male misses his opportunity,
其他人会取代他的位置.
someone else will take his place.
同时在岩石斜坡的顶峰
Meanwhile at the peak of a rocky slope this young male
设法接近一只正在吃地衣的雌性.
managed to get close to a female grazing on lichens.
他很脆弱,犹豫不决,而她一点也不介意
He is delicate and hesitant and she's not bothered at all
他笨拙的求爱.
by his awkward courting.
这种不成熟的关系不会有任何发展.
Nothing will develop from this immature relationship.
当她发火的时候,一个强壮的男人已经在她身边了
When she comes into heat,a strong male already by her side
将击败任何竞争对手.
will fight off any competitors.
在交♥配♥季节结束时,雄性
At the end of the mating season the males
会离开母牛和所有怀孕的野山羊
will leave the female herds and all the pregnant ibex
将在和平中一起过冬.
will winter together in peace.
死海附近的悬崖和洞穴
These cliffs and caves near the Dead Sea
看上去很荒凉,但沙漠渐渐冷却,
look desolate,but as the desert cools,
它们为无数其他生物提供了一个避风港.
they offer a haven for countless other creatures.
两种鼠尾蝙蝠的庞大群落
Vast colonies of two species of Mouse-Tailed Bats
在冬天的几个月里,在这些洞穴里寻找庇护.
seek shelter in these caves during the winter months.
令人惊讶的是它们竟然在这里冬眠.
Surprisingly they even hibernate here.
它们是已知的唯一冬眠的哺乳动物
They're the only mammals known to hibernate
在持续温暖的温度下.他们迁移
in consistently warm temperatures.They migrate
沿叙利亚-非洲断层线.
along the length of the Syrian-African fault line.
冬天结束时,雄性和雌性
At the end of the winter the males and females
在一个特殊的交♥配♥洞穴相遇一段时间,然后
meet for a short period in a special mating cave,and then
夏季沿深裂谷向北迁移.
in the summer migrate north along the deep rift valley.
他们住在以色列北部的避暑山庄
In their summer home,in northern Israel they live
在不同的洞穴里,一个给雌性,一个给雄性.
in separate caves one for females and one for males.
女性需要一个温度高6华氏度的环境
The females need an environment 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter
而不是雄性栖息地.
than that of the male habitat.
就在天黑前,几个侦察兵离开了
Just before nightfall a few scouts leave
雄性洞穴的入口；
the entrance of the male cave;
他们很快地扫描了一下地形,然后又一清二楚地回来了.
They scan the landscape quickly and return with the all clear.
几秒钟内,数千只蝙蝠散开
Within seconds thousands of bats spread out
穿过山谷追捕猎物.
across the valley to hunt down their prey.
返回洞穴是逐渐的；
The return to the cave is gradual;
在每只蝙蝠吃饱之后.
after each bat has fed enough.
在气温下降和冬雨来临之前,
Before temperatures drop and the winter rains approach,
鼠尾蝙蝠迁徙回犹太沙漠.
the mouse-tailed bats migrate back to the Judean Desert.
犹太沙漠的冬雨很少,
Winter rains in the Judean Desert are rare,
但在沙漠的西边,在犹太山脉上
but west of the desert,on the Judean Mountains
有雨,一年有几次
there is rain,and a few times a year
山脉甚至被雪覆盖了好几天.
the range is even covered in snow for several days.
雨水和融化的雪不能渗入土壤
The rain and melted snow don't penetrate the soil
或者岩石峭壁.
or the rocky cliffs.
它们向东流入河流,
They run eastward,flowing into rivers and,
毫无预兆,在暴风雨中
without warning,build into stormy flash floods
穿越整个犹太沙漠.
that cross the entire Judean Desert.
沿着他们的道路,洪水冲击着深谷
Along their path,the floods pound through deep canyons
在沙漠高地,跳进几百英尺
in the desert highlands,and plunge hundreds of feet
从瀑布到裂谷深处.
in waterfalls down to the depths of the rift valley.
每年冬天都会有山洪暴发,
The flash floods come each winter,
但他们的时机无法预测.
but their timing is impossible to predict.
有时洪水是由强水形成的,
Sometimes the floods form from strong,
局部降雨,但大部分洪水是由
local rainfall,but most of the floods are caused
在远处的高山上.
by rain that falls far away,on the high mountains.
在这种情况下,太阳会发光
On these occasions,the sun can be shining
在犹太沙漠,天空是一片纯净的蓝色,
in the Judean Desert,the sky a pure blue,
一场强大的洪水似乎不知从何而来.
and seemingly out of nowhere a powerful flood can strike.
朱迪亚沙漠的洪水是强烈的,甚至是致命的.
Floods in the Judean Desert are intense,even deadly.
每年他们都封锁道路,带走动物,
Each year they block roads and carry away animals and,
很偶然,甚至有人死了.
very occasionally,even people to their death.
每次洪水都会带来不同颜色的水,
Each flood brings with it water of a different color,
取决于排水面♥积♥和材料