野性以色列（2016）

Its sand-colored coat provides essential camouflage.
有时,它几乎消失在稀薄的空气中.
At times,it almost seems to vanish into thin air.
过去,这里住着大群牛群.
In the past,large herds lived here.
证明这一点的是古代狩猎建筑
Proof of this lies in ancient hunting structures
被称为“沙漠风筝”.
known as "desert kites".
风筝是用两堵矮石墙砌成的
The kites are built from two low stone walls
这迫使动物们落入陷阱.
that forced the animals to run into a trap.
沙漠风筝总是处于战略位置
A desert kite was always located in a strategic position
在牛群的觅食路线上.
on the herd's foraging route.
在一次狩猎攻击中,受到惊吓的瞪羚
In a hunting attack,the frightened gazelles
沿着石墙的长度
run the length of the stone walls
直接进入陷阱一个深坑.
straight into the trap a deep pit.
研究人员在沙漠风筝周围挖掘时也发现
Researchers digging around desert kites have also found
动物骨头比瞪羚大得多,
animal bones much larger than gazelles,
比如亚洲野驴,马家族的一员,
such as the Asiatic wild ass,a member of the horse family,
直到今天,仍然没有被人类驯服.
to this day,still untamed by humans.
这头野驴重可达440磅.
The wild ass can weigh up to 440 pounds.
在沙漠的热浪中保持这样的重量
Sustaining that kind of weight in the desert heat
要求它每天喝,这迫使它
requires it to drink every day and this compels it
为了找到水坑而跨越巨大的跨度.
to travel huge spans in order to find watering holes.
野驴有一个增加出汗的机制,
The wild ass has an increased sweating mechanism,
白天天气炎热时,它会爬上山峰,
and during the daytime heat it climbs the mountain peaks,
那里的风有助于冷却潮湿的身体.
where winds help to cool its wet body.
下午从南盖夫高地来的野驴
In the afternoon wild ass from throughout the Negev highlands
聚集在水坑,伪装着,几乎看不见.
gather at the waterhole,camouflaged and almost unseen.
有马驹的雌性,年轻的雄性,
Females with foals,young males,
以及独来独往的强壮的雄性领地.
and strong territorial males that come alone.
所有人都小心翼翼地会聚在一起,害怕接近水面.
All converge cautiously,fearing to approach the water.
捕食者的猎场.
A hunting ground for predators.
在水坑集♥合♥提供了一个机会
The gathering at the water hole provides an opportunity
衡量社会地位和寻找伴侣.
to measure social status and to find a mate.
小野驴变得好斗
A young wild ass becomes aggressive
以确认他在小组中的地位.
to confirm his status in the group.
另一个则开始了对一只雌性的疯狂追逐.
Another begins a wild insistent chase after a female.
如果她不热,她会一直跑
If she's not in heat,she will keep running
直到他放弃.
until he gives up.
女性通常不接受妓♥女♥
The females do not usually accept courters
在拥挤的水坑里；
at the crowded water hole;
他们喜欢在开阔的地方交♥配♥
they prefer mating in the open landscape
在竞争中被吓跑的占优势的男性.
with the dominant male who has scared off the competition.
怀孕11个月
The pregnancy lasts 11 months
小马驹和它的妈妈呆了整整一年.
and the foal stays with its mother for an entire year.
群体内的关系不是永久的或长♥期♥的.
Relationships within a herd are not permanent or long-term.
群体成员不断变化.
And the herd membership changes constantly.
但这里仍然有爱和亲密.
But there Is still affection and intimacy here.
作为研究的一部分,这个成年女性有一个项圈.
This adult female has a collar as part of a research study.
直到1927年,亚洲野驴一直生活在
Until 1927,Asiatic wild ass lived throughout
中东沙漠.
Middle Eastern deserts.
但是由于广泛的狩猎,
However due to extensive hunting,
它们目前面临着世界范围的灭绝.
they currently face world-wide extinction.
1968年,11头亚洲野驴,
In 1968,11 Asiatic wild asses,
最初来自伊朗和土库曼斯坦,
originally from Iran and Turkmenistan,
被控制住了
were brought to become a contained
内盖夫的繁殖核.
breeding nucleus in the Negev.
繁殖核非常成功
The breeding nucleus was highly successful
并产生了大量的野生驴群.
and generated a large wild ass population.
有几十只被放归野外,
A few dozen were released into the wild,
幸存下来,繁衍生息,成为一个庞大的群体,
survived,bred,and became this large herd,
大约有250头亚洲野驴.
numbering some 250 Asiatic wild ass.
满天秋云,
The sky fills with autumn clouds,
但不能保证很快就会下雨.
but there's no guarantee the rains will come soon.
动物们面临着一场持久的战斗.
The animals face a constant battle to endure and prevail.
过去12个月他们都没下雨.
They've seen no rain for the last 12 months.
各种各样的植物也是如此.
And so does the varied plant life.
这些胸骨和草地红花花早.
These Sternbergia and meadow-saffron flower early.
它们是多年生植物,以
They are perennials,feeding from
它们的球茎或球茎,地下的食物储藏器官.
their bulbs or corms,food storage organs below ground.
这让它们得以生存
This allows them to survive
其他植物会死的地方.
where other plants would die.
但是这些植物仍然渴望下雨.
But these plants are still desperate for rain.
幸运的是,今年雨来得正好.
Luckily,this year,the rain arrives just in time.
整个沙漠都松了一口气.
The entire desert sighs with relief.
但几小时内,
But within a few hours,
雨下得这么多,沙漠的土壤吸收不了所有的雨水.
so much rain falls,the desert soil cannot absorb it all.
粘土层防止雨水渗入深处.
Layers of clay prevent the rain from seeping in deep.
几滴之后土壤就被封了.
The soil is sealed after just a few drops.
现在积水很快
Now the water accumulates quickly
开始冲走干旱疏松土壤的泡沫.
and begins to wash away the foam of the arid loose soil.
这是沙漠中最好的时光.大家都很高兴.
This is the best time in the desert.Everybody is happy.
在这些岩石中藏着一棵小植物
Among these rocks hides a small plant
具有独特的生存技能,海燕.
with unique survival skills,Asteriscus hierochunticus.
这种植物开花后立即覆盖种子.
This plant covers its seeds right after flowering.
只有大雨才能使特殊的覆盖物变软
Only a strong rain can soften the special covering
向水敞开.
that opens up to the water.
种子可以等上好几年
The seeds can wait and survive for years
一场大雨把他们从睡梦中惊醒.
for a rain heavy enough to wake them from their slumber.
当紫菀种子发芽时,
When the Asteriscus seeds germinate,
黄色的小花出现在干枯的母株旁边.
little yellow flowers appear next to the dry mother plant.
南盖夫沙漠的秋冬很短.
Fall and winter are very short in the Negev desert.
两个月来,这个地区经历了雨水和洪水,
For two months,the area experiences rain and floods,
有时在高山上下雪.
sometimes snow high in the mountains.
但这些短暂的季节是至关重要的,
But these short seasons are crucial,
因为它们为沙漠生活提供了必需的水
as they provide desert life with essential water
在即将到来的炎热季节.
in the hotter seasons to come.
然后是更新换代的季节.
And then,the season of renewal.
在一片被雨水浸透的阴沟里,春天会突然绽放,
In a rain soaked Negev,spring can bloom suddenly,
把沙漠投入一个简短的庆祝活动
throwing the desert into a brief celebration
颜色和气味.
of colors and smells.
赏金的期限很短.--------------------------------------------------------
The period of bounty is very short.
沙漠动物抓住每一刻.
The desert animals seize every moment.
植物急于完成它们的生命周期
The plants hurry to complete their life cycles
在夏日炎热之前.
before the summer heat.
它们盛开着五颜六色的花朵,
They flower in a spectacular range of colors,
邀请昆虫作为回报给它们授粉.
inviting insects that in return pollinate them.
红色的郁金香点缀着群山,吸收着晨露,
Red tulips adorn the mountains,taking in the morning dew,
它们的球茎深深地埋在岩石裂缝里,
their bulbs buried deep in the rock crevices,
供水持续时间更长的地方.
where the water supply lasts longer.
在内盖夫高地的山峰上
On the peaks of the Negev highlands grows
沙漠大黄
the desert rhubarb producing leaves
直径达到3英尺！
that reach 3 feet in diameter!
大黄被称为“自养植物”.
The Rhubarb is called 'the self-watering plant'.
每一滴雨滴落在它巨大的叶子上
Each raindrop falling on its enormous leaf
被引导到根系统,
is channeled down to the root system,
提供16倍的水
providing it with 16 times more water
比周围的雨水还要多.
than all the rain splashing around it.
所以这种阔叶植物可以在沙漠中生存,
so this broad-leaved plant can survive in the desert,
享受典型的潮湿气候的生长条件.
enjoying growing conditions typical of a wet climate.
温度开始升高.
Temperatures start rising.
土壤开始失去水分.
The soil starts to lose its moisture.
在内盖夫高地的河谷里
In the river valleys of the Negev highlands
种植壮丽的大西洋黄连木,
grow magnificent Atlantic Pistacio trees,
几百年前.
hundreds of years old.
它们的根深深地扎进了土壤
Their roots sink deep into the soil
才能得到宝贵的水.
to reach precious water.
这棵树的外观在一年中发生了变化.
The tree's appearance changes during the year.
在干燥的夏天它是绿色的,
In the dry summer it is green,
秋天树叶变红,
in autumn its leaves turn red,
冬天,当沙漠变绿,
and in winter,when the desert turns green,
它落叶光秃秃地站着
it sheds its leaves and stands bare
直到下一个春天.
until the following spring.
这些古树是遗迹