野性以色列（2016）

Once the nest is built he stands on the nest
或者在它旁边唱歌♥拍打翅膀
or next to it,singing and flapping his wings
连续几个小时,吸引女性.
for hours on end,to attract a female.
这个女人和他在一起.他们将把巢穴排成一行
This female joins him.They will line the nest together
她会在里面下蛋.
and she will lay her eggs inside.
然后她独自沉思.
Then she broods alone.
鸡蛋的最佳温度是华氏95度.
The optimal temperature for the eggs is 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
更高的温度会杀死胚胎.
Higher temperatures would kill the embryos.
她不时地离开巢泡一泡.
From time to time,she leaves the nest for a soak.
当她的羽毛足够湿的时候,
When her feathers are wet enough,
她又回来在她的蛋和巢上滴水.
she returns to drip over her eggs and the nest.
墙壁通风良好,刮风时
The walls are well aerated,and when wind blows
在树枝之间,它使湿鸡蛋变凉.
between the twigs it cools the wet eggs.
这是冷却孵化.
This is cooling incubation.
这意味着生与死的区别.
it means the difference between life and death.
如果河水干涸,父母必须放弃
If the river dries up,the parents must abandon
窝,小鸡会在高温下死去.
the nest,and the chicks will die in the heat.
但在死海边缘的泉水中,
But here among the springs on the edge of the Dead Sea,
即使在夏天淡水也很充足
even during summer fresh water is plentiful
套料成功率高.
and the nesting success rate is high.
埃诺丘基姆以西有一座悬崖高达数百英尺,
West of Einot Tzukim a cliff rises up hundreds of feet,
被陡峭的深谷挖开
gouged by steep,deep canyons that drop from
从犹太沙漠到死海.
the Judean Desert to the Dead Sea.
这些峡谷提供了一个藏身之处和避难所
These canyons have provided a hiding place and a refuge
为人类和动物.
for humans and animals.
从逃命的大卫王那里,
From King David who fled for his life,
献给与罗马军队作战的马萨达叛军.
to the Masada rebels who fought the Roman Army.
在埃诺丘基姆上方的悬崖上,
High in the cliff above Einot Tzukim,
在一个山洞里,发现了死海卷轴.
in a cave,The Dead Sea Scrolls were found.
圣经中现存最古老的章节.
The oldest surviving sections of the bible.
这些峭壁和洞穴也为它们提供了庇护
These cliffs and the caves have also sheltered
一种稀有的食肉动物阿♥拉♥伯豹.
a rare predator the Arabian Leopard.
它是世界上最小的豹,
It's the smallest leopard in the world,
但仍然有足够的力量去猎杀岩鬣狗,
but is still powerful enough to hunt Rock Hyrax,
野山羊和驯养的骆驼和驴.
Ibex and domesticated camels and donkeys.
离繁忙的现代耶路撒冷只有一个小时的路程,
Just one hour away from busy,modern Jerusalem,
在70年代末,人们看到了12只豹子
in the late 70's,twelve leopards were seen
游荡在峡谷里,喝着泉水
wandering these canyons,drinking from the spring water
在埃诺丘基姆和可怕的沙漠动物.
at Einot Tzukim and terrifying the desert animals.
这些稀有的豹子是用照相机拍到的
These rare leopards were captured with still cameras
在几张照片里.
In a very few photos.
1980年,被目击事件惊呆了,
In 1980,astonished by the sightings,
研究人员躲在悬崖里试图观察
researchers hid in cliffs to try to observe
这些大型捕食者记录它们的行动.
these large predators and document their movements.
但随着时间的推移,由于不完全清楚的原因,
But over time and for reasons not entirely clear,
豹子不见了,
the leopards vanished from sight,
可能被最小的接触所排斥
perhaps repelled by even minimal contact
与现代世界.
with the modern world.
只是偶尔的脚印或可能的目击
Only an occasional footprint or possible sighting
希望有一两个人还在这里.
give hope that one or two are still here.
也许还有一天会回来.
And that maybe one day more might return.
因为豹子群落消失了
As the leopard community vanished
来自犹太沙漠,另一个掠食者
from the Judean desert,another predator
声称是食物链的顶端,
claimed the top of the food chain,
条纹鬣狗.
the Striped Hyena.
事实上,这是以色列最大的捕食者,
In fact,this is the largest predator in Israel,
接近100磅.
reaching close to 100 pounds.
鬣狗过着孤独的生活,以
The hyena lives a solitary life,feeding on
遗弃的尸体或捕猎虚弱和生病的动物.
abandoned carcasses or hunting weak and sick animals.
它可以吃同等的东西
It's capable of eating the equivalent
一顿饭5只鸡！
of 5 whole chickens in one meal!
它的嗅觉高度发达
Its sense of smell is highly developed
鬣狗可以在
and the Hyena can locate carcasses across
很远的距离.
great distances.
这个地区建立了西方的埋葬习俗.
Western burial practices were founded in this region.
可能古代的习俗
It's possible that the ancient custom
把一块大石头放在出于欲望的坟墓上
to place a large stone over a grave stemmed from the desire
以防鬣狗挖出尸体.
to keep hyenas from digging up the body.
许多文化都害怕鬣狗并将其灌输
Many cultures fear hyenas and imbue them
具有消极的品质.
with negative qualities.
部分原因是因为他们吃尸体,但也因为
In part,because they eat carcasses,but also because
他们威严的外表：高高的肩膀,
of their menacing appearance: high shoulders,
前腿比后腿长,而且宽,
front legs longer than the back legs,and broad,
强壮的下颚,能折断大骨头.
strong jaws that can crack large bones.
这个奇怪的建筑,像起重机,
This strange build,like a crane,
允许它拖动重于自身重量的尸体.
allows it to drag carcasses heavier than its own weight.
鬣狗唯一的敌人是人类,
The hyena's only enemies are human,
有些人认为鬣狗是超自然的邪恶生物.
some of whom see hyenas as supernatural evil creatures.
司机撞倒鬣狗并不少见
It's not uncommon for drivers to run hyenas over
当他们在路上寻找尸体时.
as they wander along roads looking for carcasses.
这只母鬣狗一年四季独居.
This female hyena lives alone throughout the year.
几个月前她遇到了她的搭档,
A few months ago she met her partner,
在交♥配♥后离开的.
who left after the mating.
到了夏末,只有她一个人照顾她的幼崽
Now at the end of the summer she alone looks after her cubs
在她峡谷的巢穴里.
in her den in the canyon.
她从早到晚打猎和觅食；
She hunts and scavenges from evening until morning;
通常每天行驶几十英里.
often covering tens of miles per day.
在犹太沙漠,
And out here in the Judean Desert,
她不是唯一一个四处游荡的猎人.
she is not the only hunter on the prowl.
这群狼也在寻找食物.
This pack of Wolves is also searching for food.
就像鬣狗-它们大多是夜间活动的.
Like the Hyena- they're mostly nocturnal.
在沙漠的高地上,一只死羊
Up on the desert's highlands,a dead sheep
从贝多因人的牧群-是一个很好的理由庆祝！
from a Bedouin's herd- is a good reason to celebrate!
狼尽可能地吃东西.
The Wolves devour as much as possible.
每人一顿饭最多可吃18磅.
Each one can eat up to 18 pounds in one meal.
他们吃得很快,因为晚餐经常被打断.
They eat fast because all too often dinner gets interrupted.
心满意足的他们不需要为遗体而战.
Satisfied and full they do not need to fight for the remains.
只要闻到鬣狗的味道,它们就会放弃离开.
Just smelling the Hyena makes them give up and leave.
三个月来条纹鬣狗
For three months the Striped Hyena
把他们需要吃的东西带给她的幼崽.
brings her cubs what they need to eat.
已经是早晨了,他们不耐烦地等着
It's already morning and they wait impatiently
在他们母亲的巢穴入口处.
at the den's entrance for their mother.
在他们生命的前三个月
During the first three months of their life
幼崽不会从窝里跑出来；
the cubs don't stray from the den;
随着他们的成长,他们花越来越多的时间在外面,
as they grow they spend more and more time outside,
靠近入口.
staying close to the entrance.
他们有充足的时间
They have plenty of time
为了社交,玩咬人游戏,
for social interaction,playing biting games,
磨练他们的摔跤技巧.
and honing their wrestling skills.
很快他们就会和他们的母亲一起寻找食物.
Soon they'll join their mother in the search for food.
但即使在吃肉的时候,它们也会继续吮吸
But even while eating meat they continue to suckle
直到他们六个月大.
until they're six months old.
在那个年龄,他们开始独自漫游,
At that age,they start roaming on their own,
沿着死海海岸和峡谷,寻找食物.
along the Dead Sea shores and the canyons,looking for food.
在这闷热的环境中,没有容易的任务.
No easy task in this sweltering landscape.
在朱迪亚沙漠的一个地方
And here in the Judean Desert,one location
是最令人生畏的.
is most forbidding of all.
高820英尺的索多玛山
Towering 820 feet high,Mount Sodom
是该地区唯一最干旱和最严酷的地区.
is the single most arid and harsh area in the region.
因为这座山有一大块盐
For this mountain consists of a large lump of salt
那是由构造活动所迫使的.
that was forced upwards by tectonic activity.
从这里落下的小雨把松软的盐岩挖了出来,
The meager rains that fall here gouged the soft salt rocks,
建造高大的烟囱
creating tall chimneys,whose bases stand
与死海处于同一高度.
at the same level as the Dead Sea.
留下峡谷和洞穴的地下河流
Underground rivers left behind canyons and caves
非常美丽.
of spectacular beauty.
在进行一项研究时,科学家们爬到了山顶
While conducting a study,scientists climb to the peak
在黑暗中下降到330英尺深之前,
before descending to a depth of some 330 feet in darkness,
只被手电筒刺穿.
pierced only by flashlights.
洞穴很危险.研究人员必须做好准备
The caves are dangerous.Researchers have to be prepared
对于频繁的地下雪崩.