野性以色列（2016）

野性以色列探索着一条最伟大的迁徙之路
WILD ISRAEL explores one of the greatest migration pathways
在这个世界上,
in the world,
地中海.
The Mediterranean.
森林、沙丘和海洋的变幻莫测的全景.
A shifting panorama of forests,dunes and sea.
发现这里生物的流动,
Discover the flow of creatures living here,
有的只是一个赛季,有的是永远
some for just a season,some for all time
追溯几个世纪前开始的旅程
Trace the journeys that began centuries before
在其他海洋和大♥陆♥.
in other seas and continents.
不断涌向不可思议的旅程
Journeys that continue streaming into an incredible
地中海表面上下的世界.
world above and below the surface of the Mediterranean.
在以色列,历史无处不在.
n Israel,history is everywhere.
几个世纪以来,宗教和文化相互交融.
religion and cultures have intersected over the centuries.
但这个国家因其迷人的野生动物而鲜为人知
But the country is less known for its fascinating wildlife
还有地形.
and terrain.
探索一个大多数人从未见过的以色列.
Explore an Israel most people never see.
从白雪皑皑的山峰,到世界最低的大海.
From snowy peaks,to the world's lowest sea.
从青山到古漠
From green mountains to ancient desert landscapes
热带珊瑚礁,
and tropical coral reefs,
从流动的瀑布到地中海海滩.
and from flowing waterfalls to Mediterranean beaches.
它位于大♥陆♥的交汇处
Its location at the intersection of continents
使以色列成为迁移人口的桥梁,
makes Israel a bridge for migrating populations,
在空中、陆地和海洋
in the air,on the land and in the sea
沿着以色列西部边缘延伸118英里
Along Israel's western edge stretch 118 miles
美丽的海滩.
of stunning beaches.
这条长长的沙质地带变宽为
This long sandy strip widens out to a
地中海地区.
the Mediterranean region.
地中海南部海岸
The southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
提供通往非洲的门户；
offers a gateway to Africa;
它的东海岸与亚洲接壤；
its eastern coast borders Asia;
欧洲在它的北部.
to its north lies Europe.
在过去的3000年里地中海
For the last 3000 years the Mediterranean Sea
在这些大♥陆♥之间提供了一条通道.
has provided a passageway between these continents.
一条通道也被用作文化网络,
A passageway also used as a cultural network,
军事海道和经济基础设施.
military sea lane and economic infrastructure.
无数的定居者、商人和军队
Countless groups of settlers,merchants and armies
已经穿越了这些水域
have made their way across these waters
到达地平线上的世界.
to reach the worlds across the horizon.
在波涛之上和之下,动物王国是平行的
Overhead and beneath the waves,the animal kingdom parallels
这些人类旅行.
these human journeys.
在高处,数百万只鸟仍在从大♥陆♥迁徙
Up high,millions of birds still migrate from continent
去大♥陆♥.
to continent.
有些人停留时间很短,有些人则是永久的.
some staying for a short time,and others for good.
海龟从一个海游到另一个海,从一个海岸游到另一个海岸,
Turtles swim from sea to sea and from coast to coast,
为了繁衍后代回到出生的海滩.
returning to the beach of their birth in order to reproduce.
数以百计的植物和海洋生物
Hundreds of species of plants and sea creatures expand
从红海到苏伊士运河,
their range from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal,
在地中海定居.
to settle in the Mediterranean Sea.
这些大规模的迁徙仍然是最强大的
These vast migrations remain one of the most powerful
地球表面的自然动力,
natural dynamics on the face of the Earth,
是有史以来最古老的故事之一.
and one of the most ancient stories ever told.
地中海地区,从大海到海滩
The Mediterranean Region,from the sea to its beaches
以及周边地区,包含着移♥民♥的秘密
and surrounding area,contains the migration secrets
几万年前.
over tens of thousands of years.
卡梅尔山边的四个洞穴
Four caves on the side of Mt.Carmel
收藏史前人类的遗骸.
house the remains of prehistoric people.
他们在这里生活了几千年,
They lived here continuously for thousands of years,
在卡梅尔茂密的森林里打猎和觅食
hunting and foraging in the dense woodland of the Carmel
还有大海.
and the generous sea.
根据洞穴发现,智人,像我们这样的人类,
According to the cave findings,Homo Sapiens,humans like us,
大约四万年前从非洲移居到这里.
migrated here from Africa about 40,000 years ago.
在卡梅尔山的山麓,沿着海岸,
At Mt.Carmel's foothills,along the coast,
掩盖一个消失的社区的痕迹
lie the traces of a vanished community,which had created
在海滩上的生活,直到他们离开
a life on this beach,and survived until they moved on
或者被下一波移♥民♥潮淹没.
or were overwhelmed by the next wave of migration.
在多尔海岸,俯瞰海湾,
On the Dor coast,overlooking the gulf,
矗立着一座3000多年前的堡垒.
stands a fort over 3000 years old.
另一个古老海洋文化的遗迹
Another remnant of ancient marine cultures that migrated
从北地中海带来
from the northern Mediterranean Sea bringing
他们来自远方的信仰和习俗.
their beliefs and customs from distant lands.
不远处,还在海边,
Not far away,still on the coast,
矗立着有2000年历史的凯撒利亚城.
stands the 2000-year-old city of Caesarea.
首先是一个简单的港口,凯撒利亚被开♥发♥出来
First just a simple port,Caesarea was developed
在公元一世纪,所有的工程技术
during the first century AD,with all the engineering skills
伟大的罗马帝国.
of the mighty Roman Empire.
沿海城市受到移♥民♥的影响,
The coastal cities,exposed to the influence of migrants,
商人和定居者总是更加开放和多样化
merchants and settlers,were always more open and diverse
而不是内部的定居点.
than settlements within the interior.
凯撒利亚甚至吹嘘剧院、公共浴室
Caesarea even boasted theaters,public bathhouses
还有一个巨大的赛马场.
and a huge stadium for horse races.
完全陌生的文化特征
cultural features that were completely foreign
在那些日子里献给以色列的其他人.
to the rest of Israel in those days.
最近又一次干预
Another more recent intervention
来自外界的影响
from the outside world has affected
这个地区的当地人.
the locals in this region.
在过去,地中海几乎完全是
In the past,the Mediterranean Sea was an almost completely
封闭的水体.
enclosed body of water.
在它的东边,广袤的沙漠
At its eastern edge,vast expanses of desert
把它和红海分开.
separated it from the Red Sea.
在19世纪,一切都变了.
Everything changed during the 19th century.
十年来,100英里的沙石被雕刻出来
When 100 miles of sand and rock were carved out over ten years
建造一条连接两个海洋的运河.
to create a canal that connected the two seas.
1869年苏伊士运河开通,世界上
In 1869 the Suez Canal opened,and so began the world's
最大的动物迁徙实验,
largest experiment in animal migration,
由人类活动引起的.
caused by human activity.
曾经被埃及沙漠阻隔,超过350种
Once blocked by the Egyptian desert,over 350 species
植物和海洋生物
of plant and sea creatures have made their way
从红海穿过苏伊士运河
from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal
去地中海的新生活.
to a new life in the Mediterranean.
这种巨大的生物入侵有时使许多人流离失所
This huge biological influx at times displaced many
原来的居民.
of the original inhabitants.
这种意外的影响被称为“Lessepsian迁移”,
This unintended effect is called "Lessepsian Migration",
以法国外交官费迪南德莱塞普斯命名,
named after the French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps,
他构想并领导了苏伊士运河的建设.
who conceived and led the construction of the Suez Canal.
Lessepsian迁移主要是单向的,
Lessepsian migration is mainly Unidirectional,
从红海到地中海；
from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea;
很少有物种能踏上旅程
very few species make the journey
相反的方向.
in the opposite direction.
以色列自然和公园管理局
Israel's Nature and Parks Authority,along with other
研究人员,多年来一直在进行研究
researchers,has conducted studies over the years
监测新物种的迁移和种群变化
to monitor the migration of new species and population shifts
那还在发生.
that are still taking place.
超过50%的动植物现在在这里
More than 50 percent of the plants and animals now here
从红海迁徙过来,
have migrated from the Red Sea,
而且每年都有更多的被发现.
and each year more are discovered.
在以色列的大部分沿海地区
In most of Israel's coastal areas there has been
海洋动物的数量和多样性急剧下降,
a sharp drop in the number and diversity of sea animals,
主要是因为过度捕捞.
largely due to over fishing.
但在以色列最北部海岸,一个海洋自然保护区
But off Israel's most northern coast,a marine nature reserve
提供了一个免受威胁的避难所.
offers a sanctuary from that threat.
在峡谷和保护区的岩石之间,
In the canyons and among the rocks within the reserve,
几乎消失的所有物种
entire populations of species that have almost disappeared
从以色列其他沿海地区可以在这里繁荣昌盛,
from the rest of Israel's coastal areas can thrive here,
远离渔网.
safe from the fisherman's nets.
这些自♥由♥潜水专家正在监测人口数量
These free diving experts are monitoring population numbers
以及帮助这些鱼类生存的环境因素.
and environmental factors that help these fish survive.
没有气罐产生气泡,
Without air tanks generating bubbles,
潜水员不会吓到这些动物,
the divers don't frighten these animals,
设法接近
and manage to get within touching distance
记录他们的日常活动.
to document their daily activities.
珊瑚鲶鱼靠近海床前进