野性以色列（2016）

Close to the seabed,the Coral Catfish advance
就像一个滚球.
like a rolling ball.
他们是新来的,从这儿来的
They are new to the area,having arrived here from
15年前的红海.
the Red Sea only 15 years ago.
每年它们都会扩散几英里
Each year they spread a few more miles
沿着海岸向北.
northwards along the coast.
孵化几天后,珊瑚鲶鱼在密集的鱼群中漂浮.
Days after hatching,the coral catfish float in a dense school.
在很短的时间内,它们就沉到了海底
Within a short time they drop down to the seabed
开始吃他们一路上发现的所有东西.
and begin eating everything they find along the way.
只有长大了,他们才会分开
Only when fully grown,do they separate
每个人都独自生活.
and each one lives alone.
这些鲶鱼使用传感器来定位沙子里的食物.
These catfish use sensors to locate food in the sand.
他们带着一个剧毒的刺
They come armed with an extremely toxic spike
在它们的背鳍上,甚至对人类都是危险的.
on their dorsal fin,dangerous even to humans.
另一位来自红海的旅行者是鲭鱼王
Another traveler from Red Sea is the King Mackerel
它可以长到6-1/2英尺长.
which can grow to 6-1/2 feet in length.
起源于遥远温暖的水域,这种食肉动物
Originated in those distant warm waters,this predator
在新家有竞争优势.
has a competitive advantage in its new home.
地中海的许多长♥期♥捕食者
Many of the long time predators in the Mediterranean Sea
从对面来的
journeyed here from the opposite end
在地中海,从更冷的地方
of the Mediterranean,from the much colder
大西洋.
Atlantic ocean.
它们不适合温度
They're not suited to temperatures
可以升到华氏86度以上.
that can rise above 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
但是鲭鱼王和其他鱼一样
But the King Mackerel,like other fish
来自红海,能经得起温暖.
from the Red Sea,can handle the warmth.
蓝条鹦鹉鱼是另一个流浪者
The Blue-barred Parrotfish is another wanderer
他向北穿过运河.
who made its way northwards through the canal.
2004年这里只看到了几个.
Only a few were seen here in 2004.
在接下来的10年里
Within the next 10 years they launched
人口♥爆♥♥炸♥.
a population explosion.
这似乎是一种模式：
This seems to be the pattern:
它们以少数个体的形式出现,繁殖缓慢,
they come as a few individuals,reproduce slowly,
几年内达到临界质量
and within a few years reach a critical mass
这使得快速、大规模的繁殖成为可能.
that enables rapid,massive reproduction.
鹦鹉鱼以藻类甚至坚硬的有机物为食
The parrotfish feeds off algae and even hard organic material
像软体动物和藤壶.
like mollusks and barnacles.
为了消化这些食物,鹦鹉鱼需要
To digest this food,the parrotfish needs
温暖的环境,
a warm environment,
所以,具有讽刺意味的是,全球变暖和海洋温度上升
so,ironically,global warming and rising sea temperatures
实际上是在帮助它生存.
are actually helping it survive.
这里有来自南方的大游客
Here the larger visitor from the south
生活在较小的本地鹦鹉鱼旁边.
lives alongside the smaller,local parrotfish.
海平面上升,华氏5度
The rising sea temperature,5 degrees Fahrenheit
在过去的三十年里,给了新移♥民♥一个优势.
in the last 3 decades,gives the new immigrant an advantage.
红色的士兵,另一个从红海来的移♥民♥,
The Red Soldierfish,another migrant from the Red Sea,
在岩石和洞穴中找到了家.
found a home among the rocks and caves.
他们白天躲起来,晚上出去猎捕浮游生物.
They hide during the day,and t night go out to hunt plankton.
他们的大眼睛适应了这种夜间生活方式.
Their large eyes are adapted to this nocturnal lifestyle.
他们的全身被坚硬的鳞片和尖刺覆盖,
Their entire body is covered by hard scales and spikes,
有助于抵御捕食者.
which help fend off predators.
瓦尼科罗清洁工的大眼睛表明,
The large eyes of the Vanikoro Sweepers indicate that they,
也是夜行性的,傍晚出去猎捕浮游生物.
too,are nocturnal,going out to hunt plankton at nightfall.
他们也从红海游过来,
They also swam here from the Red Sea,
迅速繁殖,现在很普遍
reproduced rapidly and are now common
离开以色列海岸.
off Israel's coast.
生活在数以百计的移♥民♥中
Among all the hundreds of migrants living
在地中海
in the Mediterranean,the Marbled Spinefoot
是最早也是最成功的物种之一
was one of the very first and most successful species
去苏伊士运河游泳.
to swim the Suez canal.
今天,运河开通150多年后,
Today,more than 150 years after the canal opened,
它占岩石居住人口的30%.
it makes up to 30 percent of the rock dwelling population.
有时,即使这些锋利的有毒的刺也无法保护它
At times,even all these sharp,toxic spines can't protect it
从成为其他鱼类的猎物.
from becoming prey to other fish.
食草的牛蛙以同一种藻类为食
The herbivorous cow bream feeds on the same algae
作为一个有刺的脚.
as the spinefoot.
幸运的是这里似乎足够每个人使用了.
Luckily there seems to be enough for everyone.
当学校的大多数成员在下面安静地吃草时,
While most members of the school graze peacefully below,
一些人游得离水面更近,
a few individuals swim closer to the surface,
执行警戒任务.
taking guard duty.
粘在一起能让牛蛙占便宜
Sticking together allows the cow bream to take advantage
在开阔裸♥露♥的草地上.
of the open,exposed meadows.
在大学校游泳是为了保护他们,
Swimming in large schools is supposed to protect them,
但人类不按自然规律行事.
but humans don't play by Nature's rules.
挤在这些大学校里实际上使牛扒变得很容易
Huddling in these large schools actually make cow bream an easy
以及有利可图的捕获.
and lucrative catch.
由于密集捕鱼,牛蛙的数量
Due to intensive fishing,the cow bream population
只在这里,在保护区,
has dwindled and only here,in the protected reserve,
它们能成功繁殖和生存吗.
can they reproduce and survive successfully.
娇小的杰克,黄色条纹,
The Guelly Jack,identified by its yellow stripe,
是一种快速移♥动♥的食肉动物,捕食较小的鱼.
is a fast moving predator that hunts smaller fish.
杰克已经制定了一个非常有效的狩猎策略：
The jacks have developed a very effective hunting strategy:
它们躲在成群的牛蛙群里,
they hide within schools of grazing cow bream,
对其他鱼类没有威胁.
which pose no threat to other fish.
在适当的时候,千斤顶从他们的盖子里冒出来,
At the right time,the jacks emerge from their cover,
抓捕毫无戒心的猎物,
and snap up unsuspecting prey,
然后他们又消失在学校里.
and then they disappear back into the school.
一种不寻常的食肉动物,昼夜活动：
An unusual predator active during both day and night:
这只棕色的瘦子高达15.5磅.
the Brown Meager reaches up to 15.5 pounds.
它有一个巨大的,强壮的脊柱,可以抵御洞穴里的食肉动物
It has a large,strong spine that wards off cave predators
就像石斑鱼.
like the grouper.
这可怜的人有幸拥有非凡的听力.
The meager is blessed with exceptional hearing.
这有助于它参与一个了不起的声乐交流.
This helps it take part in a remarkable vocal interchange.
贫民发出鼓声
The meager makes a drumming sound
用胸鳍底部的肌肉.
using a muscle at the base of its pectoral fin.
在交♥配♥季节,整个学校都会这样做
During the mating season,the entire school makes this
声音,像大型水下管弦乐队一样演奏.
sound,playing like a large underwater orchestra.
在保护区外,很少见到贫民区
Outside the reserve the meager is a rare sight
由于过度捕捞.
due to extensive over fishing.
事实上,世界各地的中心都在使用
In fact,there are centers around the world that use
以微薄的人口数量为指标
the meagre's population numbers as an indicator
指环境的成功或失败.
of environmental success or failure.
它们看起来可能不像,但鲨鱼的距离
They may not look like it,but here are the sharks' distant
相对平坦的亲戚
and rather flat relatives,Rays that have adapted
在海底打猎.
to hunting through the seabed.
为此,他们使用的传感器包括
To do this,they use sensors that contain
定位猎物的电受体：
electrical receptors for locating their prey:
洛伦兹尼壶腹.
ampullae of Lorenzini.
以色列保护所有种类的射线.
All species of Ray are protected in Israel.
尽管他们也知道如何保护自己.
Though they also know how to protect themselves.
尾巴上有一个大钉子.
Armed with a large spike on their tails.
当面对像鲨鱼这样致命的捕食者时非常有用.
Very useful when confronting deadly predators like sharks.
在普通鱼雷中胸部肌肉
In the Common Torpedo the chest muscles
act就像电池,使其能够产生
act likes batteries,enabling it to produce
能击晕敌人或猎物的电压
electrical voltage that can stun its enemy or prey
200伏电击.
with a 200-volt shock.
牛鱼的胸鳍看起来像宽翅膀；
The pectoral fins of the Bull Ray look like wide wings;
它用它的“翅膀”在水里漫游.
it uses its "wings" to roam the water.
夜幕降临,笨拙缓慢移♥动♥的甲壳类动物
With nightfall,awkward slow-moving crustaceans
把他们的藏身之处留在山洞和岩石中.
leave their hideaways among caves and rocks.
这些拖鞋龙虾是季节性迁徙的.
These Slipper Lobsters are seasonal migrants.
一年中的大部分时间他们都住在深渊里.
For most of the year they live out in the deep.
只有在春天他们才会冒险进入浅水区
Only during the spring do they venture into shallow water
寻找伴侣和食物.
looking for a mate and food.
他们寻找龙虾裂开的软体动物.
They forage for mollusks which the lobsters crack open.
龙虾用它蓝色敏感的触角探测到
With its blue,sensitive antennae,the lobster detects
所有在水中的运动
all movement in the water,which it tastes in order
找到附近的另一只龙虾.
to sense and locate another lobster nearby.
一群龙虾正在忙着求爱游戏.
A group of lobsters is busy at the moment with courting games.
在保护区外他们仍然被非法猎杀,
Outside of the reserve they are still hunted illegally,
但在这里他们的生存机会是非常好的.