与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E10

Part 3 April 19, 2021, 2:46 p.m.

你觉得自己分开了
You feel separated.
你的思维实际上
Your mind is physically --
或是说你的感觉离开了你的肉体
or you experience as separated from your body.
那么，这怎么可能呢？不符常理
So, how could this be? This doesn't fit.
大多数经历过出体体验的人
Most people who have had an out-of-body experience
都报告说自己的精神到了一个隐藏的国度
report being spirited away to a hidden realm.
但是奥拉夫怀疑这些经历
But Olaf suspects these voyages to the beyond
纯粹发生在我们的脑袋里
take place purely inside our heads.
这因为当他在诊断治疗
Because while diagnosing
他的一个癫痫患者时
one of his epileptic patients for treatment,
向她大脑中植入的电极
he sent a mild current
发射了轻微电流
to electrodes implanted in her brain
不经意间就引发了出体体验
and inadvertently triggered an out-of-body experience.
她还记得
She had the impression
她刺♥激♥治疗室的
that she herself would be under the ceiling
天花板下面往下看
of the stimulation room and to be looking down,
看着她自己，她的身体
seeing herself, her body,
还有坐在她周围的人们
as well as the people sitting around her.
奥拉夫还通过微弱电流
Olaf had sent a mild stimulating current
刺♥激♥病人的颞顶交界处，即颞顶联合区
to his patient's temporoparietal junction, or TPJ.
这种身体的自动描绘场景现象
This automatized body representation,
就是当我们刺♥激♥这个病人特定区域时
when we stimulate it in this region in this one patient,
不能将你
could not fuse
从哪里看到你的身体和你从哪里感觉到你的身体融合
where you see your body and where you feel your body.
而这类不连贯的表现
And this kind of discoherent representation
就会导致出体体验
may lead to an out-of-body experience.
颞顶联合区是大脑的导航者
The TPJ is the brain's navigator,
就像一艘潜水艇的舰长
rather like the captain of a submarine
他看不到他的潜艇朝向哪里
who can't actually see where his vessel is heading
但可以通过间接测量自己的位置
but has to rely on indirect measurements of his position,
比如测量水压和使用声纳
like water-pressure readings and sonar pings.
如果进入颞顶联合区的信息受到干扰
If the data coming into the TPJ is interfered with,
那么导航系统就会混乱
the navigation system can become disoriented.
颞顶联合区可以告诉你你被颠倒了
The TPJ could tell you you are upside down
或是你位于哪里（但实际不是）
or somewhere you really aren't.
如果他的假说是正确的
If his hypothesis was correct,
奥拉夫认为出体体验
Olaf realized that out-of-body experiences
可以通过干预人们的感觉
might also be induced in any brain, epileptic or not,
在任何大脑中诱发
by tampering with people's senses.
为了在一个健康未植入电极的受试者身上
And to achieve this effect in a healthy subject
实现这种效应
without implanting electrodes,
奥拉夫建立了一个高端的虚拟现实实验室
Olaf built a cutting-edge virtual-reality laboratory.
虚拟现实使得我们可以在实验室中
Virtual reality gives us the possibility in the research lab
让受试者的触感和视觉分离
to disassociate touch from sight of our participant's body.
小心
Careful.
那么对于这个实验嘛
So, for this experiment,
你要站在那里，脚放在那前面
you will stand with your feet in front of there.
嗯～对
Mm-hmm. Yes.
然后我会把这个放在你头上
Then I will put this on your head,
然后你就要看屏幕上的指示
and you will follow instructions on the screen.
这名受试者通过放置在她身后的
The subject sees a live feed
摄像机中看到直播影像
from a camera placed behind her back.
她感到背上有轻柔的抚摸感
She feels a gentle stroke on her back,
但是同时她看到她的身体
but sees the stroking as if her body
比实际上的靠前两英尺
is actually two feet in front of her mind.
这样大脑就面临着一个空间上的矛盾
So the brain is exposed to a spatial conflict,
而随着这种空间矛盾
and being exposed to this spatial conflict
持续足够长的时间
for a long time,
人们就会认为这个替身是自己的身体
people start identifying with the avatar
而不是他们自己真正的身体
rather than with their physical body.
当我们要求受试者
When asked to move back from where they are standing
回到他们之前站的地方
and then return to the same spot,
他们并不会回到原来的位置
the subjects always end up not in their original position,
而是靠前两英尺
but two feet forward --
精确地回到他们看到的视觉替身的位置
precisely where their virtual avatar appeared to be.
这种感觉
The feeling is --
一开始非常奇怪
it's very strange at the beginning,
但实际上感觉很好
but it's actually very pleasant.
这更像我的思维
It's more like my mind --
我的身体并不只是我看到的一个
like my body is more the one I'm seeing,
到底哪个才是我的身体
which is actually my body,
不过更像是我看到的那个
but it's more like I'm there where I see myself to be.
当奥拉夫在一名身上穿着脑电图感应器的
When Olaf performed this experiment
受试者进行这项实验时
with the subject wearing an E.E.G. sensor,
他发现大脑的颞顶交界出
he discovered that the brain's temporoparietal junction
非常活跃
was highly active.
颞顶联合区在努力克服感觉输入的冲突
The TPJ was struggling to create a cohesive reality
来创造真实的现实
out of the conflicting sensory input,
而最终结果就是
and the net result was
她产生了不在自己肉体内的感觉
the sensation that she might be outside her body.
奥拉夫认为当我们出现出体经历时
Olaf believes that when we have an out-of-body experience,
我们从未离开过我们的身体
we never leave our bodies,
我们看到的那些
and the entities we sense
无非是大脑产生的幻象
are nothing more than phantoms of the brain.
但是信奉者们在每天生活中都能感受到上帝
But believers sense God in their lives every day,
而不是这些罕见或刺♥激♥的时刻
not just in these rare and intense moments.
许多人看到上帝之手
Many of us see the hand of God
不断塑造者我们周围的世界
constantly shaping the world around us,
而这位心理学家认为她知道这样的原因
and this psychologist believes she knows why.
为什么她那么小就死去了？
Why did she die so young?
为什么飓风摧毁了我们城市？
Why did the hurricane destroy our town?
为什么他中奖了？
Why did he win the lottery?
对于很多信奉者来说，这都是上帝的旨意
To many believers, it's all part of God's plan.
但是心理学家们开始提出另一个问题
But psychologists are now asking another question.
为什么我们一直在问为什么？
Why do we always ask why?
是我们生命中急着寻找答案
Could the urge to find reason in our lives
促使着我们发明上帝？
have driven us to invent God?
珍妮佛·惠特森是一位心理学家
Jennifer Whitson is a psychologist
就职于奥斯汀的德克萨斯大学
at the University of Texas Austin.
她研究人们如何解释
She studies how human beings interpret meaning
我们身边的标记或事件
from signs and events in the world around them.
她对这个课题的兴趣，来自她小时候
Her interest in the subject began when she was a girl
对一副塔罗牌的着迷
and became obsessed with a deck of Tarot cards.
我在上中学时
When I was in high school,
我非常非常喜欢塔罗牌
I got really excited about Tarot cards.
我自己就有一副
I had my own deck,
我就一直在抽牌玩
and I was, you know, drawing all the cards all the time.
这些牌确实让我感到自己在某种方式上
They did make me feel like I was connected
和更大的宇宙格局有联♥系♥
to a greater pattern in the universe in some way,
这些牌给了我超越我自己能够掌握的
that the cards were giving me deeper insight
更深层次的视野
than I could manage on my own.
塔罗牌或是算命的
The uncanny ability
不可思议的能力就是
of Tarot cards or a fortune teller
可以看到我们许多人生活中
to see events in our lives
经历过的事情
is something many of us have experienced.
直到珍妮佛得到了哲学博士学位的时候
And by the time Jennifer earned her PhD,
她科学地明白了为什么
she scientifically understood why.
我们的大脑把事物联♥系♥起来。就只是本能的那么做
Our brains connect things. They just do it naturally.
那么当你玩牌时
So, when you draw the cards,
你的大脑就会参与并开始说：
your brain will still just jump right in and start saying,
“哦，我有那个麻烦
"Oh, I am having trouble with that.
哦，这是个挑战
"Oh, that is a challenge.
哦，也许我忽视了这个。”
Oh, maybe I am overlooking this."
这就像魔法
It's like magic.
你的大脑会为你准备一个故事
Your brain will just start to make a story for you.
即使我不认为它们会发挥什么功能
So, even though I don't believe that they're doing anything,
即使我仅是随机看到这些
even though I see them as just sort of a random collection
不同的符号♥和含义
of various symbols and meanings...
看到我的大脑把这些事编织起来
it's still really fun
还是很有趣的
to watch my brain knit things together for me.