与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E07

Part 4 April 19, 2021, 2:45 p.m.

所有的测试结果都还好——除了一个
All of the tests came back fine -- except for one.
那个时候我正好在比较杀手的大脑结构
So I was comparing at that time all these brains of killers,
我桌子上有我正在分♥析♥的资料
and I had these sheets that I was analyzing on my desk,
我想可能是把这些资料弄混了
and I thought they had gotten mixed up.
所以我以为家人中这个人的结果
That is, I thought one of our family's patterns
可能和谋杀犯的结果混在一起了
was mixed up with the murderers',
因为这个结果看起来和谋杀犯的大脑一样
'cause it looked just like the murderers' brains.
而最后…这个结果是我的
And, of course, it turned out to be my brain.
吉姆的脑部检测结果正表明了他的脑部
Jim's brain showed the telltale psychopathic coldness
在杏仁体和眶皮质区域出现了精神病人的冷区
around the amygdala and the orbital cortex.
第一眼看到这个时候，实际上我感觉很可笑
When I first saw this, I actually just kind of laughed.
我拿起它，觉得这个很滑稽
You know, I took it as like it was funny --
其实是对其有些否认
a little bit in denial.
这也让我有点迷茫
And it was a little confusing,
但是我认为我很好
but I thought I took it pretty well.
接下来
Next,
吉姆分♥析♥了他的基因信息和家族史
Jim analyzed his genetic profile and family history.
他发现他具有遗传性的几十个高风险基因
He found that he had inherited dozens of high-risk genes
或许他的祖先里就有谋杀犯
and had ancestors who had been convicted of murder.
然后他询问了他的家人和朋友
Then he asked his family and friends
他是否表现出了精神病人的症状
if he showed psychopathic traits.
他们说，“吉姆，我们都知道
They said, "Well, Jim, we've known all along
你是个精神病人——只是你不伤害别人
"you're a psychopath -- you just don't really hurt anybody.
你研究每个人的大脑，你影响人们
"You play with everybody's head, you manipulate people,
你非常有竞争力，你会赢得一切。”
you're too competitive, you got to win everything."
你知道的，所有这类的话
You know, all this stuff.
他们说，“但是，你知道，你很有趣
They said, "but, you know, but you're funny,
而且，你不打人
"and, you know, you don't swing at people,
你不做任何伤害别的事，所以我们就没管
"you don't do any of that, so we just let it go,
不过每个人都知道你是精神病患者。”
but everybody knows you're a psychopath."
那么到底哪个才是真正的吉姆？
So which is the real Jim?
是受人尊敬的科学家或参加聚会的普通人
The esteemed scientist and life of the party,
还是脑部扫描结果显示的危险分子？
or the dangerous man revealed by the brain scans?
我觉得我非常了解自己
I kind of thought I really knew myself,
于是我变得很自信
and so I became very confident --
我被人脑所吸引
that I was interested in the brain,
我研究它，感到信心满满
I was studying it, I felt confident in myself.
这次事件发生的时候，我已经60岁了
When this happened, you know, when I was 60,
说实话，这对我是个刺♥激♥
that was a shock, actually,
而最后我认为我并不是想象的那样
when I finally accepted that I wasn't who I thought I was.
吉姆发现了令他不安的事实
Jim discovered an unsettling truth,
但这却留下了一个谜团
but he was left with a mystery.
如果他有着属于杀手的大脑和基因
If he has the brain and genes of a killer,
那么他又为什么不是杀手？
why isn't he a killer?
所有的这些事实，潜在的基因风险
But given all the, you know, the genetic risk factors
以及正如扫描结果表现的出现冷区的
and how my brain is, you know, where it's kind of stuck,
我的脑部结构
as it were,
这就像是我躲开了一发子弹
I look like I really dodged a bullet.
这是由于我的父母、
And it was because my parents
我的叔叔婶婶，以及我的祖辈们
and my aunts and my uncles and my grandparents
是他们使我一直很开心，这是能确定的
are the people who really kept me happy, that's for sure.
说到“本性/培养”
Talk about nature/nurture --
我就是经历了积极的
that's when nature/nurture was really happening,
“本性/培养”
in a very positive way.
高风险基因和不一般的脑部结构
High-risk genes and unusual brain architecture
不会自发的制♥造♥杀手
do not automatically create killers.
儿童时期受到虐待似乎是一个很重要的因素
Childhood abuse seems to be a critical ingredient.
一个充满爱的家庭使吉姆·法♥伦♥
A loving home helped Jim Fallon
成为了活跃的成功者
become a boisterous overachiever,
而不是一个危险的精神病人
not a dangerous psychopath.
不是所有的精神病人都是暴♥力♥罪犯
Not all psychopaths are violent criminals,
但如果他们是的话，我们要怎么做？
but what do we do with the ones who are?
我们仅是单纯的把他们从社会中抹除
Do we simply remove them from society
不给他们任何机会么？
and throw away the key?
也许我们不需要这样
Perhaps not.
研究人员没有使用激进的方式消除邪恶
Researchers are not pioneering a radical way to eliminate evil --
比如直接把邪恶驱逐出大脑
by literally zapping it out of your brain.
一些宗教认为人类是一种邪恶的生物
Some religions hold that man is a creature of evil.
我们挣扎着往正确的道路上走
We may struggle to follow the righteous path,
但最终，我们会失败
but ultimately, we will fail.
我们全是罪人
We are all sinners.
但如果我们能让人变好呢？
But what if we could make people good?
在瑞士的苏黎世
In Zurich, Switzerland,
克里斯蒂安·拉夫博士正在有争议的
Dr. Christian Ruff is blazing a trail
神经科学前沿探索一条道路
on a controversial frontier of neuroscience --
改变人们的想法和行为
changing the way people think and behave.
人类的行为在动物界非常独特
Human behavior is quite unique in the animal world.
与动物不同
In contrast to us animals,
我们不会只做自己感兴趣的事
we don't just follow our self interest,
我们可以本着社会准则与规则
but we're able to actually control our behavior
控制自己的行为
in line with social norms and rules --
这些准则就像我们正在玩的
pretty much like the rules of this card game
扑克的规则
that we're playing here.
人们总想打破规则
People are always tempted to break rules,
破坏法律
to break laws,
而问题就在如果人们开始这么做
and the problem really is that if some people start doing this,
开始违背社会准则
if some people start breaking out of social norms,
那么很快就会发生混乱
then very soon, chaos ensues.
所以在社会中
So it's quite important for society
使用强有力惩罚的恐吓非常重要
to put in place strong-punishment threats --
从根本上向人们的大脑中灌输
to basically instill in people's heads the knowledge
如果他们违反准则和法律
that if they violate certain norms, certain laws,
就会受到惩罚这种观念
then they will get punished.
那么对于没有或不愿意遵守游戏规则的人
What do we do with people who cannot or will not
我们应该怎么办呢？
follow the rules of the game?
克里斯蒂安的办法是用电流刺♥激♥他们的脑部
Christian's solution is to zap their brains with electricity.
这些人们通过一个互动电脑游戏
These players are linked together
互相联♥系♥
in an interactive video game.
他们都带着头带
They all wear headbands
内有电流通过
designed to pass electrical current
这样可以刺♥激♥脑部控制利他的部分
into the parts of their brains that control altruism,
或是关心他人的部分
or concern for the well-being of others.
通过使用电流脉冲刺♥激♥
With a targeted electrical pulse,
克里斯蒂安发现他能使别人，包括他自己
Christian has found that he can make people, including himself,
变得更体谅别人
much more considerate.
刚开始
In the beginning,
贴附头皮的电极下会感到
there's a slight tingling underneath the electrodes
大约30秒的轻微刺痛
at the scalp for about 30 seconds or so,
不过之后就再也感觉不到
but afterwards I can't really feel it anymore,
我是否处于被刺♥激♥的状态
whether I'm being stimulated or not.
今天，克里斯蒂安和志愿者
Today, Christian and the volunteers
会进行一个简单的利益分配游戏
are going to play a simple profit-sharing game.
每个玩家得到一笔钱
Each player is allotted a sum of money
然后决定把多少分给匿名的同伴
and decides how much to give an anonymous partner.
你要决定每次试验中，对方
You have to decide on every trial what your opponent --
就是另一个人——怎么样才觉得公平
the other person -- will consider to be fair.
举个例子
Here in this example, for instance,
我可以决定白色部分是我可以保留的
I can decide now the white is what I keep
黑色部分是我给别人的
and the black is what I give to the other person.
那么我多留一点——70%
So I keep a lot -- 70%.
在这种情况下
And, in this condition,
对方会惩罚我
the other player can now punish me.
哦，这就是他们会做的
Oh, and that's what they did.
他们把所有的都拿走了，因为我刚才很自私
They took everything away from me for being so selfish.
起初，大多数玩家都表现得自私
At first, most of the players act selfishly,
但是当开始通电
but then the electricity begins to flow.
大约刺♥激♥大脑5分钟后
After five minutes of brain stimulation,
克里斯蒂安和其他玩家
Christian and the other players
更愿意让步
are now much more willing to compromise.
这又是一次惩罚
This is another punishment trial, actually,