与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E06

Part 5 April 19, 2021, 2:45 p.m.

你脑中的神经布线，就像这条铁轨
The wiring of your brain is like this train track,
只不过实际上你脑中神经联♥系♥的总长度
only the total length of wires in your brain
比这个玩具火车轨道的长度
is actually billions of times longer
还要长亿万倍
than the length of this toy track.
你脑中“道岔”的数量
And the number of switching points in your brain
也有数百万亿个
numbers in the hundreds of trillions.
我们把人脑中这组组神经连线和“道岔”
We call this set of wires and switches in a human brain
称为连接体
the connectome.
连接体中存在着我们所有的记忆
The connectome is the seat of all of our memory,
也是我们想法和意识的发生器
and it is the generator of our thought and our consciousness.
如果我们能够复♥制♥这数万亿个连接体
If we could copy this set of trillions of connections,
就能将你重建，甚至在你的身体死后
we could re-create you, even after your body has died.
肯表示
The way to rescue
挽救你的神经连接体中的所有的信息
all the information held in the connectome, Ken says,
就是要把你的脑当做一台计算机
is to treat the brain like a computer.
那么这是一台已经死了的计算机
So, this is a dead computer.
它已经过时了
It's way out of date.
而且主板已经烧了
It has a burned-out motherboard,
这基本上的确是台无法修复
and there's really essentially nothing I can do
的电脑了
to repair this computer.
我真的对这样的情况感到很伤心，因为就是这台电脑
And I'm really sad about that, because this particular computer
储存着我所有的结婚照片和我的博士论文
has all my wedding photographs, my PhD thesis,
我可以就这么把它当做废物
and I'm going to just toss it
扔掉，并永远的失去它了
into the trash and lose it forever.
但是，当然，这并不是事实
But, of course, that's not true.
那些信息储存在
Those pieces of information
其中的硬盘里
are stored digitally on this hard drive,
我可以把里面的信息复♥制♥到另外一个硬盘中
and I can copy that information onto another hard drive.
现在我说的是神经科学已经
Now, what I'm saying is that neuroscience has told us
告诉我们的：我们本质上是脑内
that we, in essence, are digital information
突触连接中储存的数字信息
stored in the synaptic connections within our brain.
如果我们在死时保留下脑
If we preserve that brain at our death,
其中也存有使我们成为唯一的信息
then that information that makes us unique --
所有的记忆——还没有丢失的
all of those memories -- they're not lost,
我们就可能把它们取出
and they can be potentially brought back
就和通过储存到另一台电脑把数字信息
just the same way digital information can be brought back
保存下来的方法一样
by putting it in a new computer.
软件是被写在硬件上的
Software is physically written onto a hard drive.
制♥作♥一个硬件精确的复件
Make an exact copy of a drive,
你就会得到其中储存的信息的复♥制♥
and you have an exact copy of the information it contains.
肯认为你脑中所有的信息
Ken believes all the information in your brain
也是可以复♥制♥和储存的
can also be copied and stored.
为了保存上万亿连接体的
All you have to do to preserve
神经连接，你需要做的
the connectome's trillions of neural connections
就是复♥制♥出大脑这个硬件
is to copy the brain's hardware...
一次一片
...one slice at a time.
肯的脑部扫描装配线就像这样：
Ken's brain-scanning assembly line would work like this.
在死亡的时候
At the moment of death,
提取出脑，并保存在塑胶中
the brain is extracted and preserved in plastic.
然后使用加热的金刚钻刀把脑切成小片
The brain is then chopped by a heated diamond knife
大约20立方微米，比头发丝还小4万倍
into 20-micron cubes 40,000 times thinner than a human hair.
这些薄片再次被切片，比原先再薄1千倍
These tiny slices are sliced again, 1,000 times thinner,
然后使用离子射线扫描
then scanned by ion beams.
这个过程重复数百万次
The process is repeated millions of times
直到整个脑全部经过扫描并数据化
until the entire brain is digitized.
嗯？
Hmm? Hmm?
这项技术现今已经存在
It is technology that exists today.
我们已经使用极端的分辨率
We mapped small bits of neural tissue
绘制了一小块神经组织
at this ultimate resolution already.
这样的分辨率极高
The resolution is so high
以至于我们不仅能看到神经元之间的联♥系♥
that we cannot only see the connections between neurons --
我们还能区分其连接强度和类型
we can also determine their strength and type.
一旦我们拥有了绘制一个人脑的能力
Once we have the ability to map a human brain
以及其中的神经联♥系♥如何
and once we have the knowledge
产生一个人思维的知识
of how that generates a human mind,
我们就能在计算机中模拟出脑
we will be able to simulate that brain in a computer substrate
使死者在电脑模拟中
and bring that individual back to life
复活
inside of a computer simulation.
绘制人类思维在今天
Mapping the human mind today
还需要如阿波罗计划的规模的昂贵项目
would require an enormously expensive Apollo-sized project.
但随着技术的不断廉价，这种困境会改善的
But as technology gets cheaper, that could change.
虽然现在绘制整个人脑
So, whereas it's tens of billions of dollars today
需要数百亿美元
to map a whole human mind,
但一百年后，也许只需要几千美元
it will be thousands of dollars 100 years from now.
任何一个想要使用100年之后的
Anybody that wants to get to that future technology
未来技术的人只需要把自己的脑保存起来
just 100 years from now can get their brain preserved.
想象下未来，在某个医院中
Imagine the future in which every hospital is equipped
存放着你濒临死亡的脑
to preserve your brain if you dip near death.
上千个脑被切片、扫描
Thousands of brains, sliced and scanned,
准备成为曾经是死者新人口
will be ready to form a new population of the formerly dead.
那个人的脑
That person's brain
放置在这架子上至少100年
that's sitting there on the shelf for the last 100 years
才能被取走、切片、成像、
can be taken off, sliced, imaged,
下载到一个计算机模拟中
and downloaded into a computer simulation.
那个人复活后就像刚从一个长觉中醒来
And that person wakes up like they were in a long sleep.
我们作为自己的数字复♥制♥品活着，然后呢？
And if we live on as digital copies of ourselves, what then?
生活就像是一个电脑程序么？
What would life be like as a computer program?
我们如何互相交流？
How would we relate to each other?
我们能忍♥受失去生理感受的生活么？
Could we bear to live without physical sensation?
复活一个人脑
To bring back a brain
只需要把它丢入计算机中
and just leave it in some computer
没有腿脚，没有眼睛
without legs, without arms, without eyes --
当然，这种感受比死亡还要糟糕
of course, that would be an experience worse than death.
复活人类思维这些可能还不够
Resurrecting the mind may not be enough.
为了真实地活着，我们期望的是看到周围的世界
To truly live again, we will want to see the world around us
并碰触到我们所爱的人
and touch the ones we love.
而把重建的思维转移到生物躯体内
The challenges of restoring a mind to a biological body
似乎还是不可逾越的
seem insurmountable.
但是还有另一个选择
But there is another option.
也许我们能够制♥造♥新躯体
Perhaps we could build new bodies
来容纳我们复活的思维
to carry our resurrected minds --
机械身体，就像这些
robot bodies, like these.
有一天，也许能够保留我们的思维
Someday, we may be able to preserve our minds,
但如果我们没有身体
but our resurrection will be incomplete
复活就不算完全
if we don't have bodies --
不是这些脆弱的充斥化学反应的皮囊
not these fragile bags of chemicals,
而是永远不会老化的完美的身体复♥制♥品
but perfect replicas of ourselves that never age
而且还能不断升级
and can be constantly upgraded --
携带我们数字思维的机器人身体
robot vessels to carry our digitized minds.
想象一下吧
Think of it.
在日本，机器人是日常生活的一部分
In Japan, robots are a part of daily life.
大多数机器人在工厂工作
Most of them work in factories
和它们制♥造♥的机器看起来并没太大差别
and don't look too different from the machines they build.
日本在机器人制♥造♥水平上领先世界
But Japan also leads the world in building androids
并跨越了机器和人类的界线
that straddle the line between humans and machines.
如果采用石黑浩的方法，未来的世界
If Hiroshi Ishiguro has his way, the world of the future
将会充满如此真实的复♥制♥品
will be filled with replicants so realistic,
你无法将其与有血有肉的真实人类区分开
you can't tell them apart from flesh-and-blood people.
我的目的不仅仅是机器人
我感兴趣的是人类本身
我的目的是理解什么才是人类
石黑研究室在测试机器人
Hiroshi's lab tests how much or how little humanity
要到什么程度才能被人类接受
androids need to be accepted by humans.
他们已经生产出一系列的机器人
They have produced a line of robots
从与人类非常接近的
ranging from near human
到那些让人印象深刻的生物
to these almost impressionistic creatures.
我一直在思考什么才是人机互动的重要因素？
最后我决定开♥发♥最低限度的人类
Elfoid机器人和人类特征具有
The Elfoid robots have a bare minimum
最少的相似性
of human characteristics,
不过人们可以和它们互动
yet people are able to relate to them.
未来，这也许是一种对于你的机器人躯体的
In the future, this might be the low-budget option
低预算选择