与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E04

Part 1 April 19, 2021, 2:44 p.m.

我们都将自己的生命花在
We all spend our lives
寻找一个非常接近
on a search for something so close,
却又总是无法达到的东西上
yet always just out of reach.
有人称之为自我
Some call it the ego.
而有人，称其为灵魂
Others, the soul.
现代科学已经可以开始窥视我们的思维
Now modern science is prying into our thoughts,
我们的记忆，和我们的梦
our memories, and our dreams,
并提出深刻而又困惑的问题
and asking the profoundly puzzling question,
“是什么使我们成为了我们？”
"What makes us who we are?"
空间，时间，生命本身
Space, time, life itself.
宇宙之谜，尽在穿越虫洞
The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole.
与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（S03E04）
Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman (S03E04)
是什么造就了我们？
What Makes Us Who We Are?
什么使我成为了我？
What is it that makes me me?
或是使你成为你？
Or makes you you?
那是我们了解的东西吗？
Is it the things we know?
还是我们所经历的人和地点？
The people and places we've experienced?
是什么使现在的我和40岁的我是同一个人？
What makes me the same person now as when I was 40?
或是10岁的我？
Or when I was 10?
是什么给了我们每一个人
What is it that gives each one of us
我们唯一的身份？
our unique identity?
科学家们开始着手解决这一意义深远的难题
Scientists are beginning to tackle this profound puzzle.
为此，他们必须开始探索
To do so, they must probe
我们理解范围的伟大边缘之一
one of the last great frontiers of our understanding --
脑
the brain.
每年夏天，我都会参加童子军去野营
Every summer, I used to go camping with the Boy Scouts.
我带的每一件衣服
Each item of clothing I took with me
都缝上了我的名字
had to have my name sewn onto it.
“摩根．”
"Morgan."
当时的我一点也不喜欢这个名字
It was a name I never really liked when I was a boy.
我在想我的生活会有什么不同
I wondered how my life might be different
如果我叫罗伯特或者约翰等其他常用的名字
if I had been called something normal like Robert or John.
好吧，不论我是否喜欢
Well, like it or not,
我的名字确定了我的身份
the name I was given framed my identity.
它使我成为了我
It helped make me who I am.
生日快乐！
Happy Birthday!
看，他会走路了！
Look, he's walking!
给你妈看看
Show your mom.
再见！
Bye!
真美！
It's beautiful!
真希望你能在这儿
Wish you were here.
艾莉森·高普尼克正在进行一项研究
Alison Gopnik is on a search
希望能够发现如何和何时，我们第一次意识到我们是谁
to discover how and when we first understand who we are.
她是一名儿童心理学家
She's a child psychologist
就职于加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校
at the University of California at Berkeley.
那么，锻造一个身份的过程
So, the process of forging an identity,
一个使我们明白我们是谁的过程
of figuring out who it is that we are,
花费了我们的一生
that's a process that really takes us our whole lifetime.
但是其中最关键的部分
But some of the most crucial parts of that
似乎是我们在我们生命非常非常早的时期
seem to be things that we're learning
学习的东西
in this very, very early period of our lives.
作为成人
As adults,
认定我们的身份是理所当然的
it's easy to take our identities for granted.
我们接受我们现在是谁
We accept that who we are now
和一分钟前的我们是一样的
is the same as who we were a minute ago.
但是艾莉森发现
But Alison has discovered
这种身份对于较小的儿童并不明确
that identity is not so solid for young children.
他们花了大量的时间
They spend much of their time
试图来解释我们是谁
trying to figure out just who they are.
当孩子们做着每天都在做的事
So, when kids are just doing the everyday things that kids do,
当他们玩耍、探险和伪装时
when they're playing and exploring and pretending,
他们做的这些事涉及了
what they're actually doing is being involved
这项重要的关乎存在的哲学研究项目
in this great, existential, philosophical research program.
什么才是一个人
What it means to be a person.
该项目中一个首要的里程碑
One of the first milestones in this program
称作“镜像阶段”
is called "The mirror stage."
它始于一个孩子第一次能够识别出
It begins when a child is first able to recognize
他或她自己的影像
his or her own reflection.
在这面镜子中不仅仅是
The thing about a mirror isn't just
你看到的身体或面孔，有趣的是
that you see a body and a face, which is fascinating,
你将其与你自己身体感受到的
but you connect it
动觉感
to your own kinesthetic feeling of yourself --
联♥系♥起来
the way your own body feels.
艾莉森在刚会走路的孩子身上做了一个非常精巧的实验
Alison uses a clever experiment on her toddlers
来检测他们之中有谁已经发展出了
to detect which of them have developed an awareness
对自己影像的意识
of their reflections.
她在他们的鼻子上涂了蓝色墨水
She places a smudge of blue ink on their noses
然后让他们照镜子
and tells them to look in the mirror.
来，看这儿
There we go. There he is.
他在这儿，就这里，对了
There he is. Right there. Yeah.
15个月大的约翰几乎意识不到
15-month-old John is hardly fazed
镜子中盯着自己的蓝色鼻子的孩子
by the blue-nosed child staring back at him
因为他还不能意识到
because he's not able to recognize
镜子中的孩子就是他自己
that the child in the mirror is him.
他们对镜子中有小脏脸的孩子
They're interested in the fact
很感兴趣
that that baby in the mirror has a spot,
但是他们似乎无法将其与
but they don't seem to connect that to the fact
那块污渍其实就在自己脸上联♥系♥起来
that there's actually a spot on their own noses.
当艾莉森尝试对凯伦进行同样的实验
When Alison tries the same test on Karen,
而凯伦比约翰只大几个月
who is just a few months older than John,
她的行为相比约翰有了明显不同
she does something quite different.
看！
Look at that!
对啦！
There we go. Yeah!
那是什么？
What is that?
现在，这个孩子似乎意识到了
And now the baby seemed to realize, "oh, yeah.
“镜子中的人
"That person in the mirror,
就是我啊。”
that's the same person that I am."
这是自我发现漫漫长路中的
It is a big first step
一大步
on a long journey of self-discovery.
但是艾莉森的工作表明她研究的对象
But Alison's work has shown that her subjects have
拥有更多的哲学研究内容
a lot more philosophical research ahead of them.
这是3岁的吉尼瓦
This is 3-year-old Geneva.
艾莉森通过看起来像装有一盒饼干的盒子
Alison tempts her
来诱惑她
with what looks like a box filled with cookies,
但是吉尼瓦很快就发现
but Geneva will soon find out
她并不能通过盒子的包装来判断其中的物品
that she can't judge a box by its cover.
你觉得盒子里有什么？
What do you think is inside this box?
嗯
Hmm.
你觉得这是什么？
What do you think this is?
好吃的饼干
Good cookies.
好吃的饼干。我们要看看么？
Good cookies. Should we find out?
我们打开这个盒子，来看看这里面究竟有什么？
Let's open the box and find out what's inside.
马克笔
Markers.
马克笔！这里面的是马克笔！
Markers! There's markers inside.
嗯
Hmm.
当我第一次让你看这样封装好的盒子
When I first showed you this box all closed up like this,
你认为里面有什么呢？
what did you think was inside it?
马克笔
Markers.
马克笔！
Markers!
吉尼瓦并不甘心于
Geneva cannot reconcile
她现在知道的盒子里装有马克笔的事实
that she now knows the box is filled with markers
而之前她以为这里装的是饼干
when she once thought it was filled with cookies.
你和你仍是同一个人
The concept that there is a you who is the same person
即使你的想法发生过变化
even if your thoughts have changed
这个概念并不是你一出生就可以理解的
is not an understanding you're born with.
这是你需要学习的东西
It is something you come to learn.
艾莉森用饼干盒子实验测试了4岁大的吉姆
Alison tries the cookie box test with 4-year-old Jim.
我要问你个问题
I have a question for you.
什么？
What?
当你第一次看到一个包装成这样的盒子时
When you first saw this box all closed up like this,