与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E08

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:46 p.m.

整合所有感觉上的可用信息实现的
by integrating all available information from all the senses
并以此来判断
and be part of making that decision
“这是我”或“这不是我”
that "this is me" or "this is not me."
通过使大脑进入虚假现实
Having tricked the brain into a false reality,
亨利克现在可以扭曲事实
Henrik can now tweak that reality
来显示潜意识的力量究竟有多大
and reveal how powerful the subconscious actually is.
研究者用刀威胁玩偶
The researcher threatens the doll with the knife.
受试者害怕得躲避
The subject flinches with horror.
他的大脑不禁认为自身将要经历痛苦
His brain can't help but expect excruciating pain.
甚至受试者之后已经知道这不是真的
Even after the subject realizes it was a trick,
当重复这一试验时
he continues to have the same reaction
他对此仍有相同的反应
when the illusion is repeated.
他的意识体验
His conscious experience
仍无法压倒潜意识反应
cannot override his subconscious reaction.
这在你脑中挥之不去
You can't think it away.
你知道这仅仅是个实验
You know it's just, you know, an experiment.
但你的身体不禁感到“啊！”
But you can't help that bodily feeling of "ugh"
因为你认为这个玩偶就是你
because you feel that this doll is you,
这样在一种基础水平上，你的大脑就会开始反应
so your brain just reacts in a very sort of basic way,
那个信♥号♥♥，就是这个反应，也就是我们正在测量的
and that signal, this reaction, is what we're measuring
确实证实了那个幻像像是真的
to really prove that the illusion is real.
亨利克的这些能让人
One of Henrik's goals
感到害怕的视觉幻象实验一个目的
in performing these unnerving visual illusions
就是精确定位潜意识大脑中
is to locate the precise part of the subconscious brain
让你感受自己身体的部分
that keeps track of where your body is.
在这种身体交换过程中对他进行的脑部扫描
Brain scans he's performed during a body swap
表现出腹外侧运动前皮质活性的增加
point to increased activity in the ventral premotor cortex,
这部分是涉及到视觉引导的运动的感觉神经元
the sensory neurons involved in the visual guidance of movement.
那么这个腹外侧运动前皮质
Well, the ventral premotor cortex
是大脑整合你的感觉和视觉的
is one of those key nodes in the brain
重要神经节之一
that integrate what you feel and what you see
可以以此控制身体、防御身体
for controlling the body, for defending the body.
如果你在打一场拳击
Because if you're in a fight,
你需要知道，你的身体在哪
you need to know, you know, where is your body
你的敌人在哪，这样来采取行动
and where is your opponent, and you need to be able to act.
这样大脑中的那些回路
So those circuits of the brain
可以防止身体不受到威胁
are built to defend the body from threat,
通过联♥系♥环境中的物体
for interacting with objects in the world,
使你总能维持
and always keep track
你和环境之间的界线
of the boundary between you and the world.
哦！
Ohh!
知道哪些是我们哪些不是
Knowing the difference between what is us and not us
是如此重要
is so vital
以至于潜意识反应
that our subconscious reactions
可以超越于我们的意识思维
will overrule our conscious thoughts.
有时这就意味着
And sometimes that can mean
生与死的界限
the difference between life and death.
你是否有过一种预感
Have you ever had a hunch,
一种感觉有些是不对头的感觉？
a feeling that something was wrong?
我们很多人都有过
Most of us have.
但是这种感觉来自哪里？
But where does that feeling come from?
这可能是你的潜意识传达的信息
It could be a message from your subconscious mind,
告诉你它知道你的意识所不知道的事
telling you it knows something that you don't.
约书亚·布朗喜欢户外运动
Joshua Brown is always on the go
而且可以提前意识到意外
and always anticipating the unexpected.
我骑自行车出门
When I go out cycling,
到处都有潜在的危险
there are dangers potentially everywhere.
那个行人会突然跳到我面前么？
Is that pedestrian gonna jump in front of me?
我前面那辆车的车门是否会突然打开？
Is that car door gonna open in front of me?
那辆车会撞到我么？
Is that car gonna cut me off?
我就在不断的评估
And I'm constantly evaluating,
“是否有一些需要我注意的危险
"is there some danger that I need to look out for,
我需要小心避免这些危险的发生？”
that I need to be careful to avoid?"
不过约书亚在在布卢明顿的
But Joshua's research at Indiana University
印第安纳大学的研究
in Bloomington
表明这种意识评估
has shown him that this conscious evaluation
仅是我们大脑
is only the first layer
危险感觉机制的第一层
of our brain's danger-sensing mechanism.
真正让我们避免伤害的是潜意识
What really keeps us out of harm's way is our subconscious.
约书亚发现一种方法
Joshua has found a way
可以研究我们潜意识如何让我们预感到
of studying how our subconscious mind triggers a gut feeling
会发生一些不好的事
when something is about to go wrong.
比如避开车流高峰时期
And it's a lot safer
骑车就会安全得多
than riding your bike through rush-hour traffic.
基本上，每个实验组
Basically, on each trial,
都会在屏幕中间
there's gonna be an arrow that appears
出现一个箭头
in the middle of the screen,
箭头会指向左或是右
and the arrow points left or right.
这非常简单
And it's really simple.
箭头指向左，就按左键
Press the left button if the arrow points left
箭头指向右，就按右键
and press the right button if the arrow points right.
但会有陷阱
But there is a catch.
有时半秒内，会出现另一个反方向的箭头
Sometimes, within a half second, an opposing arrow appears.
他的按键就必须按照这个箭头的方向
And he must press that arrow's direction instead.
每次实验只持续一秒
Each trial only lasts one second,
那么如果他太快做决定，就会错过第二个箭头
so if he decides too quickly, he might miss the second arrow.
太慢，就会没时间
Too slowly and he could run out of time.
那么我们等待的越久
And so the longer we wait,
就会感觉越来不及
the more likely it is it's too late
他们就按了错误的按钮
and they've already pressed the wrong button.
约书亚在测试中加入了一种模式
Joshua has programmed a pattern into the test,
但这种模式很微妙，受试者无法通过意识识别
but it's too subtle for the subject to pick up consciously.
这样，他就必须依赖于自己的预感
Instead, he must rely on his gut feelings.
其实我们想做的是分离出大脑
What we really want to do is to isolate mechanisms in the brain
当你觉得你更会犯错时
that might be able to signal
发出信♥号♥♥的机制
when you think you're more likely to make a mistake.
约书亚现在开始做同一个实验
Joshua now conducts the same experiment
只是受试者在核磁共振成像仪中
while the subject is an MRI machine.
他发现当受试者感觉要犯错时
He sees that one brain area in particular buzzes with activity
大脑有一个区域活性增强
when the subject feels like he might be about to make an error.
这就是前扣带皮层
It's the anterior cingulate cortex.
你可以看这里，红色的
And so, here you can see, in red,
就是前扣带皮层
the anterior cingulate cortex
正表现出强烈的错误可能
is showing a strong effect of error likelihood.
这样，就算受试者没有犯错
That is, even when subjects don't actually make a mistake,
这部分区域仍表现出
they're still showing effects in this region
似乎会有
that seem to anticipate
更大的错误可能性的效果
the greater likelihood of making a mistake.
约书亚认为前扣带皮质的这种活性
Joshua believes this activity in the anterior cingulate cortex
是我们预感的源头
is the source of our gut feelings.
不过这不仅保护骑自行车穿越忙碌街道的我们
But it's not just protecting us as we bike down busy streets.
有时这种感觉会对
Sometimes it can be responsible
上百条生命负责
for the fate of hundreds of lives.
1991年，海湾战争的开放日中
In 1991, in the opening days of the Persian Gulf War,
一个英国战舰舰队
a fleet of British battleships
驻守在离科威特海岸20里远的地方
is stationed 20 miles off the shores of Kuwait.
一个海军军官正独自监视雷达站
A lone naval officer is Manning the radar station
这个雷达站可以预报正在来袭的威胁
of one of the ships looking for incoming threats.
一切都很平静
All is quiet
直到一个光点突然出现在雷达屏幕上
until a blip suddenly appears on the radar screen.
这个光点只可能是两件事
That radar blip could've been one of two things.
或者是一架从轰炸航路
It could've been a friendly aircraft
正在返航的友机
returning from a bombing run,
或者是伊♥拉♥克♥发射的
or it could've been a Silkworm missile
蚕式导弹
fired by the Iraqis.
这个雷达军官需要做一个决定
The radar officer had a decision to make.
他可以命令对其开火
He could order the firing of countermeasures,
但如果他这么做了
but if he did that, and it was a friendly aircraft,
他就可能击毁一架友军飞机
he would down a friendly aircraft.
那么如果这个物体是一支敌人的导弹
Now, if that incoming object was an enemy missile,