与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E09

Part 3 April 19, 2021, 2:46 p.m.

这些随机波动带来了一个大问题
these random fluctuations present a big problem.
如果宇宙永远持续下去
If the Universe lasts forever,
无限久的时间
an infinite amount of time
意味着无限的可能
means an infinite amount of possibilities,
所有你能够想象到的东西
which means everything you could possibly imagine
都会出现
will indeed appear --
包括另一个版本的你
including another version of you,
他会认为“他”才是第一个存在的人
who thinks he got here first.
许多许多个我都会出现
Many, many copies of me will fluctuate into existence,
他们中的许多都会和我有非常一致的记忆
many of them with exactly the same memories that I have.
也会有另一个版本的我做着和我一样的事
There will be another version of me that thinks the same as I do
并且还有和我一样的记忆
and has the same set of memories that I have.
但是对于我的大多数版本
But for most of those versions of me,
他们不会存在于我们可以感知到的
they won't actually be embedded in a sensible universe
通过大爆♥炸♥产生的宇宙或其他星系
with a big bang and other galaxies.
这些肖恩们的每一个
Each one of these Seans
都认为自己才是自己的第一个版本
assumes that he is the first version of himself.
他们都认为自己在宾夕法尼亚长大
They each think they grew up in Pennsylvania,
在哈佛学习钻研，并写了几本关于物理的书
studied at Harvard, and wrote books on physics.
他们的确仅仅是随机的扰动
But they are really just random fluctuations
导致的存在
that have popped into existence,
他们也是未来虚无空间中的冒充者
future imposters that actually live in empty space.
宇宙会永远持续下去这一情况
The scenario that the Universe just lasts forever
包括所有的这些我们能够想象出来的
and there's all these fluctuations
可能性的扰动
into everything we can possibly imagine
意味着我们没有权利接受并相信我们的记忆
means that we have no right to accept and believe our memories.
如果人们和星系还有宇宙
If people and galaxies and universes
可以随机波动至出现
can randomly fluctuate into existence,
这就得到一个结论：
the conclusion is that this can't be
现在的一切并不是宇宙真正的样子
the right picture of the Universe.
如果暗能量在我们的宇宙中持续膨胀
If dark energy keeps on expanding our cosmos,
最终就会出现我们所有人的无数个版本
countless versions of all of us will eventually come to be,
从现在直到永远
stretching from here to eternity.
而只有一个办法可以
There's only one thing
阻止出现这种荒谬的宇宙
that could prevent such a preposterous universe...
那就是宇宙末日
A truly cosmic apocalypse.
“宇宙”这个词是什么意思？
What does the word "Universe" mean?
过去是用来表示“一切”
It used to mean "everything."
但现在许多科学家认为这不仅是
But now some scientists imagine there is more to creation
我们希望看到的星星星系
than all the stars and galaxies we could ever hope to see.
我们只是一个更大版图上的一丁点
We might be just one tiny patch of something much larger,
多重宇宙
a multiverse,
在这里时间可以永远持续下去
a place that lasts forever,
而且像我们这样的宇宙
and where a little Universe like ours
会在眨眼之间诞生或消失
comes and goes in the blink of an eye.
拉斐尔·布索是新一代宇宙学家之一
Raphael Bousso is one of a new generation of cosmologists
从小到大，他一直认为我们的宇宙
who grew up with the idea that our Universe may not be
不可能是所有的存在
the be all and end all of existence.
对于他来说，其他的宇宙一直都在诞生
For him, other universes pop into existence all the time
并存在于一个庞大的多重宇宙中
and exist inside a colossal multiverse.
多重宇宙由许多不同的区域组成
The multiverse is made out of many different regions.
这些区域非常之大
These individual regions can be so large that,
以至于你生活在其中
if you live in them,
就像一条鱼生活在极为巨大的水箱中
you're really like a fish in an extremely large tank of water.
你可能就会觉得此区域之外就没什么了
You might think that there is nothing else whatsoever.
把我们生活的宇宙想象成一只气球
Imagine the Universe we live in is like a balloon.
最开始
In the beginning,
只是一个很小的紧实的空间
it was just a miniscule piece of compact space.
大爆♥炸♥时
At the Big Bang,
取而代之的是称作暴涨的强大力量
a powerful force called inflation took over,
在几秒钟内使宇宙膨胀
expanding it in a split second.
140亿年之后
14 billion years later,
我们深深地生活在膨胀的巨壁之内
we all live deep inside its inflated walls,
对外面的世界一无所知
blind to what's outside.
但是拉斐尔认为暴涨在我们生活的气球之外
But Raphael believes inflation is still at work
仍然发挥作用
outside of our balloon.
它不断的使那些小块空间膨胀起来
It constantly takes tiny pieces of space and expands them.
那么我们就可以把这间屋子
So, this room is what we can think of
看作多重宇宙
as the multiverse looking like,
每一只气球都是一个单独的宇宙
where every one of these balloons is a single universe,
由于暴涨，所有的宇宙都在这里出现
and all these universes are here because of inflation.
拉斐尔对暴涨的理解
Raphael's understanding of inflation
源自一种叫“弦理论”的观点
stems from the view of reality called "String theory,"
弦理论认为空间不仅有三个维度
which holds that there are not three dimensions of space...
而是有9个
but nine.
在我们的宇宙中
In our Universe,
6个维度被卷曲到数十亿倍小
six of the dimensions are curled up billions of times smaller
比最小的粒子还要小
than the smallest particle.
那么就会有些地方
There might be some places
9个空间维度以较大的方式存在
where all nine spatial dimensions have become large.
也有可能在其他
There might be other places
少于三个维度的地方变得更大
where fewer than three have become large.
这样暴涨会拉伸一些空间维度
So inflation stretches some, but not necessarily all,
但不会是所有维度
of the dimensions of space.
就像一个充气的气球
Just like an inflated balloon,
膨胀的空间维度
inflated dimensions of space
由于其不稳定的本质，最终会
are intrinsically unstable and will eventually...
再坍缩
re-collapse.
正如我在这间屋子里行走
As I'm walking around this room,
你能看到这些气球爆♥炸♥
you can see that these balloons are popping...
缓慢的，一个接一个
ever so slowly, one after the other.
这儿有很多气球
There are a lot of balloons,
如果你跟随观察一只气球
but if you train your eye on one balloon,
这个气球最终就会爆♥炸♥
that balloon eventually is going to pop.
就像这样
And just like that,
我们的空间最终也会崩塌
our piece of space eventually is going to decay.
通过对暴涨如何使卷曲的空间维度
By studying how inflation
发生畸变的研究
mutates the curled-up dimensions of space,
拉斐尔计算出来
Raphael has been able to calculate
这些膨胀宇宙的产生速率
that the rate of creation of inflated universes
比宇宙坍缩的速率高得多
is much higher than their rate of decay.
那么即使宇宙一直在崩塌
So, even though universes are going...all the time,
也总会产生更多的新宇宙
many more are always being created.
所以多重宇宙持续增加，直到永恒
So the multiverse keeps on growing and will last forever.
这种模式称为“永恒膨胀多元宇宙”
This pattern is called "eternal inflating multiverse."
如果你在这个屋子中看
If you were watching this room from the outside,
时间就会是永恒的
time would be eternal.
这种情况会永远持续
This would continue forever.
这个多重宇宙可能是永恒的
This multiverse may be eternal,
但这种永恒没人能够体验
but it's an eternity no one can ever hope to experience
因为没人能够从自己所在的宇宙中
because no one can ever escape the universe
脱离出来观察
they were created in.
你无法看到这种永恒
You don't get the benefit of seeing this eternity
越来越多的膨胀和越来越多的气球
of more and more inflation and more and more balloons.
光速的限制
The speed-of-light limit
导致我们无法看到其他气球
prevents you from seeing all these other balloons.
你坐在其中一个气球里
You sit around in this one balloon,
它迟早会“砰”的一下毁灭
and sooner or later it's going to go "pop."
如果你生活在一个宇宙，就像身边所有的东西一样
If you live in a universe, like everything must,
拉斐尔就认为你的时间是绝对会走向尽头的
then Raphael believes your time is definitely going to end.
而让肖恩·卡洛尔烦恼的永恒宇宙的
And all of the problems of an eternal universe
所有问题
that worry Sean Carroll
在我们这个宇宙绝对看不到的
are problems our Universe will never live to see.
我们能够计算出空间以什么样的速度崩坏
We can calculate how rapidly space will decay.
只要我们宇宙的坍塌比那些
As long as that decay of our Universe happens faster
令人不可思议事件的发生还快
than these unbelievably unlikely events are going to happen,
我们就不用担心
then we know that we don't have to worry about
我们的复♥制♥品会出现
copies of ourselves coming into being.
什么时候宇宙坍缩，时间就停止在那一刻
When our Universe decays, time really does end there.
我们的宇宙注定会走向灾难吗？
Is our universe destined to die in a cosmic cataclysm?