与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S03E09

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:46 p.m.

粒子不会是以颗粒、确定的物体
that particles don't interact
相互作用
as if they are solid, defined objects,
而以无实体云这种形式
but as amorphous clouds.
一个粒子可以在那里
A particle can be both there
而又同时不在那里
and not there at the same time.
这样就不可能知道两个粒子什么时候相遇
And it's impossible to say when two particles meet
或是它们是否会相遇
or whether they did at all.
如果你要把量子力学的定律
If you try to apply the laws of Quantum Mechanics
应用到宏观物体上，比如人类或星球
to large objects like people or planets,
你能想象到一些非常让人迷惑的可能
you can imagine some very puzzling possibilities.
我坐在这儿，我正跟你说话
I'm sitting here, and I'm talking to you.
现在，如果我们的宇宙中
Now, if by some accident, in our Universe,
有一个巨型黑洞
there was a huge black hole
会把我吸进黑洞中
that would suck me inside the black hole,
根据量子理论
according to Quantum Theory,
我身后的这个黑洞可能会存在，同时也不存在
that black hole behind me should be there and not there.
这样，结果呢，你所参与的我们的这次交谈
And, as a result, you are in a position of our conversation
发生了或是没有发生
having happened or not happened.
许多量子物理学家认为
Many Quantum physicists argue
这种事件是否发生的不确定性
this uncertainty over whether the events really happened
表明了时间并不是我们宇宙的一个
shows that time cannot be a fundamental thing
基本性质
in the Universe.
而是一些我们自己捏造出来的
It's something we've made up.
阿尔伯特爱因斯坦并不赞同量子力学
Albert Einstein disagreed with Quantum Mechanics.
他认为时间是真实存在的
He believed time is real,
它和空间交织在宇宙的纤维中
that it is woven with space into the fabric of the Universe.
根据他学生的观点
And, according to his disciples,
空间和时间同时产生于大爆♥炸♥
space and time were born together in the Big Bang.
但是福蒂尼认为这些对于时间的观点都有问题
But Fotini thinks both these views of time are wrong.
她认为时间是真的，而且是永恒的
She thinks that time is real and eternal.
但如果这是真♥相♥
But for that to be true,
我们就要重新想象空间是什么
we have to reimagine what space is.
好吧，比如这就是
Okay, so let's say that this is space --
我们生活的空间
the world we live in --
这些红绳是我们世界中的一些东西
and the little red strings are other stuff in our world.
网表示我们之间的距离
And the net represents the distances between us
就网格连接而言
in terms of connectivity.
这就是说，例如
So that means that, for instance,
如果我说这是我
if we say that this is me
这是我的朋友奥拉利亚，那是另一朋友赫尔穆特
and this is my friend Oralia and that's my fried Helmut,
这就需要我花去
it takes me --
1，2，3，4，5，6步到奥拉利亚
one, two, three, four, five, six steps to get to Oralia.
然后我又要——1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10
And then I need -- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11，12，13，14，15步到赫尔穆特
11, 12, 13, 14, 15 steps to reach Helmut.
但大爆♥炸♥刚发生之后
But right after the Big Bang,
空间网格并不像这样伸展开
the net of space was not spread out like this.
也许，我在这儿
Perhaps, me here...
实际上距离赫尔穆特只有一步之遥
was actually just one step away from Helmut
当然是在早期宇宙
back in the early Universe,
然后这两个人连在一起
and these two guys were connected,
直到每个人都挤在一起
until everybody is really on top of everybody else.
在高温高密度的大爆♥炸♥前
In the very hot and dense Big Bang,
一切都被揉在一个点中
everything is shrunk down to a single point.
空间这一概念毫无意义
The idea of space is meaningless.
但是时间，福蒂尼非常确定，是一直存在的
But time, Fotini is certain, always exists.
如果除去空间，我们剩下的就是时间
If we throw out space, we get to keep time.
时间很久以前就有，而很久之后仍然存在
Time was always there before. It will always be there after.
如果福蒂尼是对的
If Fotini is right,
时间可以永远滴答下去
time can indeed tick on forever.
但是有一位科学家被永恒宇宙深深困惑
But one scientist is deeply troubled by an eternal Universe.
因为如果时间从来不停止
Because if time never stops ticking,
我们的存在就完全没有意义了
our very existence could make no sense at all.
永恒
Eternity.
或许只对宗教或坠入爱河的人
It used to be a word that only made sense in religion
有意义
or to people in love.
现在有些科学家也认为时间是永远存在的
Now some scientists also believe time really may last forever.
但如果存在永恒
But if eternity does exist,
那就会发生一些
some very strange things...
奇怪的事
could happen.
宇宙学家肖恩·卡洛尔
Cosmologist Sean Carroll
来自加州理工学院
from the California Institute of Technology,
他经常驱车到洛杉矶的高山上
often takes a drive into the mountains above Los Angeles
以更好的观测夜空
to get a better look at the night sky.
他这么做的时候
And when he does,
会不禁想到数万亿年后的天空
he can't help but wonder what that night sky will look like
会是什么样子
trillions of years from now.
现在，我们生活在一个明亮舒适的宇宙
Right now, we live in a bright, comfortable Universe
还有一千亿个星系
with stars shining 100 billion galaxies in the Universe
每个星系又有一千亿颗恒星
with 100 billion stars in every galaxy.
但这些恒星不能永远闪耀
But those stars can't shine forever.
它们会燃尽自身，它们有有限的生命
They burn up fuel. They have a finite lifetime.
大概10到15年之后
So, about 10 to the 15 years from now,
那些恒星就全部燃尽了
those stars will all have burnt out.
到时候就不会有这么多闪耀的星星了
There'll be no more stars shining in the sky.
一千万亿年之后
A million billion years from now,
存在的天体仅剩黑洞了
the only celestial object remaining will be black holes.
你可能会想，好吧，这下完了
You might think, okay, now we're done.
无数黑洞和空旷的空间
Black holes and empty space.
但是黑洞也会蒸发
But those black holes evaporate.
它们辐射出能量
They give off radiation,
自身也会萎缩
and the black hole itself shrinks away.
虽然这会花很久，但一旦发生了
So it will take a long time, but once that happens,
除了稀薄的粒子就再也没什么了
there's nothing left but a thin gruel of particles.
这样我们就又面临一个问题
And then we're faced with the question,
一切都消逝之后的无穷远的未来
well, what happens in that infinitely long future period
又会发生什么？
after everything has emptied out?
生命在空洞的宇宙中又会是什么样？
What is life like in empty space?
事实证明空洞的宇宙并不空
It turns out that empty space is not truly empty.
1998年
In 1998,
天文学家们发现一种奇怪的宇宙力量
astronomers discovered a strange cosmic force
并称之为“暗能量”
called "dark energy,"
一种空间中无处不在的膨胀压力
an expansive pressure existing everywhere in space.
即使在遥远未来的空洞宇宙中
Even an empty universe, in the far future,
也会充斥着这种能量
would be filled with this energy.
量子力学法则告诉我们
And the laws of Quantum Mechanics say,
哪里有能量
wherever there is energy,
粒子就会自发的从虚无中产生
particles can spontaneously appear out of nothingness.
因为暗能量潜藏在宇宙空间中
Because that dark energy is lurking in empty space,
随之就会有温度
there's a temperature.
宇宙的未来不会是单纯的零
The future of the Universe is not at absolute zero.
还会有微小的的热波动
There's a tiny thermal fluctuation,
即使在空无一物的空间
even in empty space.
如果我们想象这个烤箱代表整个宇宙
If we imagine this oven represents the whole universe,
我们可以往里看到物质开始出现
we can look inside and see things appear.
如果我们等的时间足够长，大概10的10次方年
So if we wait a long time, about 10 to the 10 years --
100亿年
10 billion years --
我们可以看到一个简单孤独的光子
we'll see a single, lonely photon
传向整个宇宙
propagating through the Universe.
如果给宇宙更长的时间
But give the Universe more time,
更多的粒子就会出现
and more particles appear.
最后，到10的10次方的30次方年后
Eventually, after 10 to the power 10 to the power 30 years,
一些复杂的或可能是
something as complex and unlikely
像人脑一样的物质
as a perfectly wired human brain
就这么出现了
could simply pop into existence.
如果你等的时间更长
And if you wait even longer than that,
10的10次方的120次方年
10 to the 10 to the 120 years,
我们可以看到一次新的宇宙大爆♥炸♥
we'll see an entire new Big Bang,
一个新的宇宙
an entire universe fluctuating into existence
从周围的混乱中诞生
out of the surrounding chaos.
对于肖恩来说
For Sean,