探求自我的世纪（2002）

constructed by the General Motors corporation.
由通用汽车公♥司♥制♥造♥
To my father, the World's Fair,was an opportunity to keep the status quo.
对我父亲来说，世界博览会是一个保持现状的机会
That is, capitalism in a democracy, democracy and capitalism and that marriage.
就是资本主义在民♥主♥之中
He did that by manipulating people and getting them to think
他通过操纵人们，让他们认为
that you couldn't have real democracy in anything but a capitalist society
只有资本主义社会才拥有真正的民♥主♥
which was capable of doing anything;
（资本主义社会）无所不能
of creating these wonderful highways,
能建造优质的高速公路
of making moving pictures inside everybody's house,
家家都能放电影
of telephones that didn't need chords, of sleek roadsters.
有无线电♥话♥，还有时髦的跑车
It was consumerist
这就是消费主义
but at the same time you inferred that in a funny way
同时你得出一个滑稽的结论
that democracy and capitalism went together.
民♥主♥和资本主义是相伴的
The World's Fair was an extraordinary success and captured America's imagination.
世界博览会取得了非凡的成功，激发了美国人的想象力
The vision it portrayed was of a new form of democracy
它所描绘的愿景是一种新的民♥主♥形式
in which business responded to people's innermost desires
商业可以对人们内心深处的欲望做出回应
in a way politicians could never do.
而这是政客们永远无法做到的
But it was a form of democracy that depended on treating people not as active citizens,
但这种民♥主♥模式的基础，是把人♥民♥
like Roosevelt did, but as passive consumers.
而不像罗斯福那样，把人♥民♥当作积极的公民
Because this Bernays believed, was the key to control in a mass democracy.
因为伯奈斯相信，这就是控制大众民♥主♥的关键
It's not that the people are in charge but that the people's desires are in charge.
这不是人♥民♥在掌控，而是人♥民♥的欲求在掌控
The people are not in charge, the people exercise no decision making power within this environment.
人♥民♥并没当家作主，在这种环境下，人♥民♥没有了决断力
So democracy is reduced from something which assumes an active citizenry
因此，民♥主♥从假定公民是积极的
to the idea of the public as passive consumers
沦落为认为公众是消极的消费者
driven primarily by instinctual or unconscious desires
他们主要是由本能或潜意识的欲望所驱使的
and that if you can in fact trigger those needs and desires,
所以如果你真能触发那些需求和欲望
you can get what you want from them.
你就能从中得到你想要的
But this struggle between the two views of human beings as to whether they were rational or irrational
但关于人类自身是理性还是非理性的争论
was about to be dramatically affected by events in Europe.
即将戏剧性地受到欧洲事件的影响
Events that would also change the fortunes of the Freud family.
而那些事件将改变弗洛伊德家族的命运
In March 1938 the Nazis annexed Austria. It was called the Anschluss.
1938年3月，纳粹吞并了奥地利，这被称为德奥合并
Hitler arrived in Vienna to an extraordinary outpouring of mass adulation
希♥特♥勒♥到达维也纳时，受到群众热烈欢迎
but even as he drove through the city
但即使在他驱车穿过城市时
behind the scenes the Nazis were systematically whipping up
纳粹仍在幕后有组织地煽动和释放
and unleashing the hatred of the crowd against the enemies of the new greater Germany.
民众对新兴德国的“敌人”的仇恨情绪
The Anschluss was a kind of an explosion of terrible hatred
德奥合并是一场可怕的仇恨爆发
Marcel Faust
马塞尔·法斯特 30年代的维也纳居民
of against enemies, so called enemies or whatever they considered as enemies,
对所谓的敌人，或任何他们认为是敌人的人
against the Jews totally
以及反对整个犹太族群
and also against a lot of Austrians who opposed the Nazis in Austria.
也反对许多忤逆纳粹的奥利人
They said it's legitimate now, you can do what you want, so they did it...
他们说现在这是合法的，你可以
Stealing and robbing and killing, I can't stay there a while;
偷窃、抢劫、杀戮，我在这再也待不去了
human depravity was always near to normal behavior, it can change very quickly...
人的堕落总是离正常行为很近，变质是很快的
As the violence and assassinations raged in Vienna,
随着暴♥力♥和暗♥杀♥在维也纳肆虐
Freud decided he had to leave.
弗洛伊德决定他必须离开
His aim was to go to Britain, but he knew Britain like many countries
他的目标是去英国，但他知道，像许多国家一样
was refusing entrance to most Jewish refugees.
英国拒绝大多数的犹太难民入境
But help came from the leading psychoanalyst in Britain, Ernest Jones.
而英国顶尖的精神分♥析♥学家
He was in the same ice skating club as the Home Secretary - Sir Samuel Hall,
他和内政大臣塞缪尔 • 霍尔爵士同在一个滑冰俱乐部里
and Jones persuaded Hall to issue Freud a British work permit
琼斯说服霍尔给弗洛伊德发放了英国劳工证
and in May 1938 Freud, his daughter Anna and other members of his family set off for London.
于是1938年5月，弗洛伊德和他女儿安娜
Freud arrived in London as Britain was preparing for war
此时英国正在备战，弗洛伊德抵达了伦敦
and he settled with his daughter Anna in a house in Hampstead.
并与女儿安娜定居在汉普斯特德的一所房♥子里
But Freud's cancer was now far advanced and in September 1939,
但弗洛伊德的癌症在1939年9月恶化
just 3 weeks after the outbreak of war, he died.
仅仅在战争爆发3周后，他去世了
The second world war would utterly transform the way government saw democracy
第二次世界大战将彻底改变
and the people they governed.
政♥府♥看待民♥主♥和人♥民♥的方式
Next week's program will show how the American government, as a result of the war
下周的节目将展现，美国政♥府♥是如何因战争而确信
became convinced there were savage dangerous forces hidden inside all human beings.
所有人的内心都隐藏着野蛮危险的力量
Forces that needed to be controlled.
这种力量需要被控制
The terrible evidence from the death camps seemed to show what happened
来自死亡集中营的可怕证据似乎表明了
when these forces were unleashed.
当这些力量被解放时会发生什么
And politicians and planners in post war America would come to believe that
而战后的美国政♥治♥家和规划者会开始相信
hidden under the surface of their own population were the same dangerous forces.
本国居民外表下潜伏着的，是同样的危险力量
And they would turn to the Freud family to help control this enemy within.
他们会转而求助于弗洛伊德家族
And ever adaptable Edward Bernays would work not just for the American government but the CIA
适应能力强的爱德华 • 伯奈斯不仅为美国政♥府♥工作，还有中♥央♥情报局
and Sigmund Freud's daughter Anna, would also become powerful in the United States
而弗洛伊德的女儿安娜，也会在美国发达
because she believed that people could be taught to control the irrational forces within them.
因为她相信人们可以被教导，去控制他们内心的非理性力量
Out of this, would come vast government programs to manage the inner psychological life of the masses.
由此，政♥府♥将出♥台♥大量计划来管理群众的心理生活