探求自我的世纪（2002）

later one of the Watergate burglars.
后来水门事件中的窃贼之一
What we wanted to do is have a terror campaign;
我们想做的就是搞一场恐怖运动
Howard·Hunt
霍华德·亨特 中情局1954年危地马拉执行官
to terrify Arbenz particularly,terrify his troops,
专门来恐吓阿尔本斯，和他的军队
much as the German Stuka bombers terrified
就像德国的斯图卡轰炸机在二战初期
the population of Holland,Belgium and Poland at the onset of World War II
恐吓荷兰、比利时和波兰的群众一样
and just rendered everybody paralyzed.
让所有人都吓瘫了
As planes flown by CIA pilots dropped bombs on Guatemala City,
当中情局飞行员驾驶的飞机在危地马拉投下炸♥弹♥时
Edward Bernays carried on his propaganda campaign in the American press.
爱德华•伯奈斯在美国媒体上继续他的宣传攻势
He was preparing the American population
他准备让美国人♥民♥看到
to see this as the liberation of Guatemala by freedom fighters for democracy.
这是为民♥主♥而战的自♥由♥斗士在解放危地马拉
He totally understood
他完全明白
that the coup would happen when the public and the press
当公众和媒体的条件允许
when conditions on the public and the press
政♥变♥就会发生
allowed for a coup to happen and he created those conditions.
而他创造了这些条件
He was totally savvy in terms of just what he was helping create there in terms of the overthrow.
他十分了解他所做的事在政♥权♥方面的颠覆作用
But ultimately he was reshaping reality,
但最终他改造了现实
and reshaping public opinion in a way that's undemocratic and manipulative.
以一种非民♥主♥和操控性的方式重塑公众舆♥论♥
On June 27th 1954 Colonel Arbenz fled the country
1954年6月27日，阿尔本斯上校逃离了国家
and Armas arrived as the new leader.
而阿玛斯成了新的领导人
Within months Vice President Nixon visited Guatemala.
几个月内，尼克松副总统访问了危地马拉
In an event staged by United Fruit's PR department
在联合水果公♥关♥部举办的一次活动中
he was shown piles of Marxist literature
有人向他展示了大量的马♥克♥思♥主义文学作品
that had been found it was said in the presidential palace.
据说都是在总统府中被发现的
This is the first time in the history of the world
这是世界历史上首次
that the communist government has been overthrown by the people.
共♥产♥主义政♥府♥被人♥民♥推♥翻♥
And for that we congratulate you and the people of Guatemala
因此，我们祝贺您以及危地马拉人♥民♥
for the support they have given.
所给予的支持
And we are sure that under your leadership supported by the people
我们相信，您的领导权是由
whom I have met by the hundreds on my visit to Guatemala
我在此访问期间会见的
that Guatemala is going to enter a new era
危地马拉将会迈进一个新时代
in which there will be prosperity for the people together with liberty for the people.
这里将是繁荣，并且自♥由♥的地方
Thank you very much for allowing us to see
非常感谢你们请我们观看
this exhibit of communism in Guatemala.
危地马拉这些共♥产♥主义展览
You're welcome.
请别客气
Time for dinner and see what mother has for dessert.
吃饭时间到了，看看妈妈准备了什么甜点？
Banana gingerbread shortcake.
香蕉姜酥饼
Just another of the many tempting ways in which this nutritious food can be prepared.
这只是制♥作♥这种营养丰富的
To now that you've seen where bananas come from before they reach your table,
现在，你已经看到香蕉在到达你的桌子之前来自哪里
our journey to banana land is ended.
我们的香蕉之旅结束了
We hope you enjoyed the trip.
希望你能享受这次旅程
We know you like bananas.
我们知道你喜欢香蕉
Bernays had manipulated the American people
伯奈斯操控了美国人♥民♥
but he had done so because he, like many others at the time
但他这么做是因为他和当时的许多人一样
believed that the interests of business and the interests of America were indivisible.
认为商业利益和美国利益是不可分割的
Especially when faced with the threat of communism.
尤其是在面对共♥产♥主义威胁的时候
But Bernays was convinced that to explain this rationally to the American people was impossible.
但伯奈斯确信，向美国人♥民♥解释这点是不可能的
Because they were not rational.
因为他们是不理性的
Instead one had to touch on their inner fears
相反，你必须触及他们内心的恐惧
and manipulate them in the interest of a higher truth.
为了更高的真理而操纵他们
He called it the engineering of consent.
他称之为“求同工程”
He was doing it for the American way of life
他这么做是为了美国式的生活
to which he was devoted, sincerely devoted.
他全心全意地致力于此
And yet he felt the people were really pretty stupid.
他还觉得人♥民♥真的相当笨
And that's the paradox.
这就是矛盾所在
If you don't leave it up to the people themselves
假如你不让人们自己来做决定
but force them to choose what you want them to choose,
而是强迫他们选择你想让他们选的东西
however subtly, then it's not democracy anymore.
无论如何，这已经不再是民♥主♥了
It's something else, it's being told what to do,
是别的东西，人们被告知要去做什么
it's that old authoritarian thing.
那是老式的专♥制♥主义
But the idea that it was necessary to manipulate the inner feelings of the American population
但为了打赢冷战，有必要操纵美国人♥民♥的内心感受
in the interest of fighting the cold war now began to take root in Washington.
这种想法现在开始在华盛顿扎根
Above all in the CIA, who were going to take it much further.
尤其是中情局，他们将走得更远
They were concerned that the Soviets were experimenting with psychological methods
他们担心苏联人正在用心理学试验
to actually alter the memories and feelings of people.
来改变人们的记忆和感受
The aim being to produce more controllable citizens.
目的是培养出更易控制的公民
It was known as brainwashing.
这就是所谓的洗♥脑♥
Psychologists in the CIA were convinced that this really might be possible
中情局的心理学家相信，这真有可能实现
and that they should try do it themselves.
而他们自己也该试验一下
The image of the human being that was being built up at that particular time
人类在逐渐形成自我的这一特定时期
Dr. John·Gittinger（1950-1974）
约翰·吉丁格 中情局心理学家
was that there was a great deal of vulnerability in every human being
每个人都会有许多脆弱的地方
and that vulnerability could be manipulated
这些脆弱点是可被♥操♥控的
to program somebody to be something that I wanted them to be and they didn't want to be.
通过操控使他变成我想要的样子
and they didn't want to be.
即使他们自己不想
That you could manipulate people in such a way
如果你愿意，可以用手段操控人们
that they could be automatons, if you will, for whatever your purposes were.
让他们像机器人那样，无论你目的如何
This is the image that people thought was possible.
大家认为这是有可能的
In the late fifties the CIA poured millions of dollars into the psychology departments at universities across America.
50年代末，中♥央♥情报局向美国各大学
They were secretly funding experiments on how to alter and control the inner drives of human beings.
他们秘密资助实验，研究如何改变
The most notorious of these experiments was run by the head
其中最臭名昭著的实验是由
of the American Psychiatric Association, Dr. Ewen Cameron.
美国精神病学协会主席埃文•卡梅伦博士进行的
Like many psychiatrists at that time,
像那个年代其他的精神病学家一样
Cameron was convinced that inside human beings were dangerous forces which threatened society.
卡梅隆深信，人类内心存在着威胁社会的危险力量
But he believed that it was possible to not just control these forces but actually remove them.
但他相信，这些力量不仅可以控制，还可以被清除
Dr. Heinz·Lehmann
海恩茨·莱曼 精神病学家，卡梅隆学院同事
He thought that psychiatry should not just concentrate on sick people and the mentally ill,
他认为精神病学不应该只关注患者和精神疾病
but should actually go into government,that politicians should listen to psychiatrists;
还应进入政♥府♥，让政客也听从精神学家的意见
psychiatrists should be in every parliament
精神病学家应该出现在每一个议会中
and should direct and monitor political activities
并指导和监督政♥治♥活动
because they knew in a rational scientific way what was good for people.
因为他们能以科学的理性知道什么才对人有益
called the Allen Memorial.
卡梅隆在蒙特利尔一家医院里成立了一个诊所
called the Allen Memorial.
名叫艾伦纪念医院
It is now long since closed down.
如今它已关闭很久了
Cameron took patients who suffered a wide range of mental problems.
卡梅隆收治的病人都患有各种各样的精神问题
His theory was that these resulted from forgotten or repressed memories.
他的理论是，这些都是被遗忘或压抑的记忆导致的结果
But he was impatient with the theory of using psychotherapy to uncover them.
但他对用心理疗法理论来揭示这些问题并没有耐心
Instead, he would simply wipe them.
相反，他仅仅是抹消它们
Cameron used drugs including LSD and the technique of ECT, electro-convulsive therapy.
卡梅隆使用麻♥醉♥药♥包括迷幻剂、ECT，和电击疗法
It was conventionally used at that time to relieve depression.
这是当时治疗抑郁的常用方法
But Cameron was going to use it in a new way, to produce new people.
但卡梅隆准备将它用在新领域，制♥造♥出新的人
Laughlin·Taylor（1958-1960）
拉夫林·泰勒 卡梅隆助手
He was really using it to try and change the fundamental function of the individual.
他真的试图用它来改变人体的基本机能
To alter their past memories,their past ways of behaving,
改变他们过去的记忆，过去行为方式
and as I think he said at one point,to just sort of erase everything from their pasts
我想他曾说过，要抹去他们过去的一切
so that you then had a slate in which you could record new ways of behavior.
这样你就有了一块空白石板，可以刻上新的行为方式
And so he used massive doses of shock,
于是，他使用了大剂量的电击治疗
people receiving several shocks a day
人们一天内接受数次电击
and over a course over time hundreds of ECT treatments
一个疗程就有上百次的电击
so that they were just reduced to sort of a primitive vegetable state.
于是，他们被还原成了一种原始的植物人状态
I don't remember what happened to me.
我不记得我发生了什么事
I was introduced to Dr. Cameron and I don't remember Dr. Cameron at all.
我被介绍到卡梅隆医生那里，然后我完全不记得他了
I don't remember any of that.
我记不起任何事
Linda·Macdonald
琳达·麦克唐纳 卡梅隆的病人
They shipped me up to what they call 'the sleep room'
他们把我送到一个叫做“睡眠屋”的地方
and they gave me all of these electro-convulsive shock treatments
对我实施了所有这些电击治疗
and mega doses of drugs and LSD and all of that and I have no memory of any of that.
还有大剂量的毒品和迷幻药等，这些我都不记得了
Nothing of that time at the Allen Memorial
在艾伦纪念医院的那段时间，什么也没留下
or any of my life previous to that. All gone. Wiped.
我从前的记忆全没了，全都被抹除了
And then having departed somebody or brought them down to
重塑某人，使他们退化到
where basically nothing but the essential functions of the body
除了身体基本功能外什么都不剩
were going on in terms of breathing and things of this nature,
也就剩呼吸之类的还在自然继续
then he would begin to feed material into these individuals,positive material
然后他开始给这些人灌输一些积极的想法
such that the brain would be programmed in a positive way,
以至大脑会按积极的方式行事
so that the individual would be completely altered.
这样个体就会完全改变
Then he put these tapes under our pillows called psychic driving.
然后他把这些磁带放在我们的
He would then put back into this empty brain
他将在这个空空的大脑中
a program of whatever sort he decided upon.
植入任何他预设好的程序
And the people like myself would wake up another person, I guess.
我猜，像我这样的人，会被唤醒另一重人格
In fact Cameron's experiments were a complete disaster.
实际上，卡梅隆的实验是个彻底的灾难