探求自我的世纪（2002）

that they were creating the conditions for democracy's survival in the future.
他们正在为民♥主♥未来的生存而创造条件
The rise of psychoanalysis took power in America
精神分♥析♥学在美国的兴起
is an extraordinary triumph for Anna Freud.
是安娜•弗洛伊德一次非凡的胜利
She remained in England living with Dorothy Burlingham.
她留在英国与多萝西•博林汉一起生活
On the surface it was an idyllic life.
表面上，这是一种悠闲的生活
She and Dorothy had bought a weekend cottage on the Suffolk coast.
她和多萝西购买♥♥了一套位于萨福克海岸的渡假小屋
But in the summers,Dorothy's children came from America to visit with the grandchildren
但在夏天，多萝西的子女们带着孙辈从美国回来探亲
and underneath things were going badly wrong.
此时情况已非常糟糕
Both Bob and Mabbie Burlingham whom Anna Freud had analyzed in the 1930s
鲍勃和玛碧30年代曾接受过安娜的分♥析♥
had suffered personal breakdowns and their marriages were collapsing.
他们经历了个人的崩溃，婚姻出现危机
Bob was drinking heavily and Mabbie suffered terrible anxieties.
鲍勃酗酒，而玛碧忍♥受着极度焦虑
The real reasons for the visits to England
他们来英国真正的原因
were yet more analysis with Anna Freud.
是想再度接受安娜的分♥析♥
The problem was that it didn't look very good, did it?
问题是看上去非常不好，是吗？
Because here you somebody who's having nervous breakdowns and is having alcoholic binges
因为你在这是一个神经崩溃，酗酒的人
and this is not exectly,doesn't really sit well.
这既不正确，也不合适
From a humane standpoint obviously this is not desirable,
从人道的角度来看，这显然是不可取的
you want to help these people,
你想帮助这些人
but it also had the wider ramifications of everybody in analysis,
但它也对分♥析♥中的每个人产生更广泛的影响
in analytic circles knew that Bob and Mabbie were guinea pigs,
在精神分♥析♥圈里，大家都知道
they were the living proof that this is a wonderful process.
他们活生生地证明了，这是一个奇特的过程
It was very much swept under the rug, it really didn't get out.
它被掩盖住了，真的没有曝光
I mean these people had such,
我的意思是说，这些人的
their power and influence was such
他们的权力和影响力是如此之大
that you were very careful.
以至于你要非常小心
Anna Freud was a very powerful person
安娜•弗洛伊德是一个非常强势的人
and you were the grandchildren
而你们是她的孙辈
and she knew a great deal more about what went on in your parents' lives and so forth
她十分了解你们父母生活的种种
and it's not something you were going to tangle with,
这是无可争议的事情
and you were a product of the whole situation.
你是整个事件的产物
But at the same time we knew that something was really out of whack.
但与此同时，我们知道有些东西确实不正常
As she grew older she became more and more important
随着她慢慢老去，她在政界和科学界
politically and scientifically but she didn't know when to stop.
变得越发重要，但她不知道该何时收手
She was a bit too righteous
她有点太自以为是了
that what she did was always the thing
她所做的总是对的
and she would never to my knowledge acknowledge
而且据我所知，她永远不会承认
she could make a mistake or be wrong.
她自己可能会犯错误
That is my feeling.
那是我的感觉
But the power and influence of the Freud family in America
但弗洛伊德一家在美国的势力和影响
was about to grow even more.
甚至越发壮大
Politicians were about to turn to Anna Freud's cousin
在危机时刻，政客们准备向安娜•弗洛伊德的堂弟
Edward Bernays for help in a time of crisis.
爱德华•伯奈斯寻求帮助
He was going to manipulate the inner feelings and fears of the masses
他打算利用民众的内心感受和恐惧
to help America's politicians fight the cold war.
帮助美国的政客们对抗冷战
I don't mean to say and no one can say to you that there are no dangers
我并不是说，也没有人能对你们说，这里没有危险
of course there are risks that we are not vigilant
未警惕的风险当然是有
but we don't have to be hysterical.
但我们也不必歇斯底里
In 1953 the Soviet Union exploded it's first hydrogen bomb
1953年，苏联引爆了第一颗氢弹
and the fear of nuclear war and communism gripped the United States.
对核战争和共♥产♥主义的恐惧笼罩着美国
Those in power became concerned with how to reassure the population.
当权者开始关心如何安抚民众
Committees were set up and public information films made
他们设立了委员会，制♥作♥宣传片
appealing for calm in the face of new threats like nuclear fallout.
呼吁在面对核辐射等新威胁时要保持冷静
Is the fallacy of the bolding 85% of the bomb's worrying capacity
强调摧毁能力只占15%的核弹
to an agent that constitutes only about 15% of an atomic bomb's destroying potential.
其威胁力超过85%，这是很荒谬的
At this point Edward Bernays was living in New York.
此时，爱德华伯奈斯正住在纽约
In the 1920s he had invented the profession of Public Relations
1920年代，他已经创立了公共关系这一职业
and was now one of the most powerful PR men in America.
现在他是美国最有权势的公♥关♥人物
He worked for most of the major corporations and advised politicians,
他曾为绝大多数大型企业工作，也曾当过政♥治♥顾问
including President Eisenhower.
包括艾森豪威尔总统
Like his uncle Sigmund,
就像他的舅舅西格蒙德那样
Bernays was convinced that human beings were driven by irrational forces.
伯奈斯相信，人类是受非理性的力量所驱使
The only way to deal with the public was to connect with their unconscious desires and fears.
就是与他们潜意识的欲望和恐惧联♥系♥起来
Bernays argued that instead of trying to reduce people's fears of communism,
伯奈斯认为，与其试图降低人们对共♥产♥主义的恐惧
one should actually encourage and manipulate the fear.
不如去鼓励和操纵这种恐惧
And in such a way that it became a weapon in the cold war.
这样，它就成了冷战时期的一种武器
Rational argument was fruitless.
理性争论是不会有结果的
What my father understood about groups
我父亲对群体的理解是
is that they are manipulable. They're malleable.
他们是可以被♥操♥控，被塑造的
And that you can tap into their deepest desires or their deepest fears
你可以挖掘他们内心深处的渴望和恐惧
and use that to your own purposes.
并利用这些来达到自己的目的
I don't think he felt that all those publics out there had reliable judgment;
我并不觉得他认为外面那些公众有着可靠的判断力
that they may very easily might vote for the wrong man or want the wrong thing,
他们很容易投票给错误的人，或是求非所愿
so that they had to be guided from above.
所以，他们必须接受上层的引导
One of Bernays' main clients was the giant United Fruit Company.
伯奈斯的主要客户之一是
They owned vast banana plantations in Guatemala and Central America.
他们在危地马拉和中美洲拥有大♥片♥的香蕉种植园
For decades United Fruit had controlled the country through pliable dictators.
几十年来，联合果品公♥司♥通过
It was known as a 'banana republic'.
它以“香蕉共和国”而闻名
But in 1950 a young officer, Colonel Arbenz was elected president.
但在1950年，一位年轻官员，阿尔本斯上校当选总统
He promised to remove United Fruits' control over the country
承诺要让国家摆脱联合水果公♥司♥的控制
and in 1953 he announced the government would take over much of their land.
他在1953年宣布，政♥府♥将接管他们的大部分土地
It was a massively popular move
这是非常受欢迎的举动
but a disaster for United Fruit
但对联合水果公♥司♥来说却是灾难
and they turned to Bernays to help get rid of Arbenz.
他们求助于伯奈斯帮助除掉阿尔本斯
United Fruit brings in Bernays and he basically understood
公♥司♥聘用了伯奈斯，他基本明白
Larry·Tye
拉里·泰 波士顿邮报记者
that what United Fruit Company had to do
联合水果需要做的就是
was change this from being a popularly elected government that was doing some things that were good for the people there,
把这个为民办事的民选政♥府♥，变成一个
into this being,very close to the American shore, a threat to American democracy.
靠近美国海岸线的，对美国民♥主♥有威胁的政♥府♥
This being at time in the cold war
当时正值冷战时期
when Americans responded to issues of 'the red scare' and what communism might do,
当美国人回应“红色恐怖”
he was trying to transform this and brilliantly did transform it
他试图转变风向，并出色地将其转变为
into an issue of a communist threat very close to our shores;
临近我们海岸线的共♥产♥主义威胁问题
taking United Fruit again, as a commercial client, out of the picture
联合水果公♥司♥作为一个商业客户被从中抹去
and making it look like a question of American democracy,
让问题看起来像是关乎美国的民♥主♥
American values being threatened.
美国的价值观受到了威胁
In reality Arbenz was a democratic socialist with no links to Moscow,
实际上，阿尔本斯是个民♥主♥派
but Bernays set out to turn him into a communist threat to America.
但伯奈斯把他变成了对美国的共♥产♥主义威胁
He organized a trip to Guatemala for influential American journalists.
他为有影响力的美国记者组织了一次危地马拉之旅
Few of them knew anything about the country or its politics.
他们之中很少有人了解这个国家或其政局
Bernays arranged for them to be entertained
伯奈斯为他们安排了娱乐活动
and to meet selected Guatemalan politicians
并会见了一些经过挑选的危地马拉政客
who told them Arbenz was a communist controlled by Moscow.
由他们告知说，阿尔本斯是
During the trip there was also a violent anti-American demonstration in the capital.
在此期间，首都也发生了反美的暴♥力♥示♥威♥活动
Many of those who worked for United Fruit
许多人为联合水果公♥司♥工作的人都相信
were convinced it had been organized by Bernays himself.
这个集♥会♥正是伯奈斯组织的
He also created a fake independent news agency in America
他在美国建立了一个虚假的独♥立♥新闻机构
called the Middle America Information Bureau.
名为中美洲情报办事处
It bombarded the American media with press releases
它用新闻稿对美国媒体狂轰滥炸
saying that Moscow was planning to use Guatemala as a beachhead to attack America.
称莫斯科计划利用危地马拉作为滩头阵地攻击美国
All of this had the desired effect.
所有这些措施都达到了预期的效果
In Guatemala, the Jacob Arbenz regime
自从1951年雅各布•阿尔本斯就职后
became increasingly communistic after his inauguration in 1951.
危地马拉就变得越来越共♥产♥主义
Communists in the congress and high governmental positions
国会和政♥府♥高层中的共♥产♥主义者
controlled major committees, labor and farm groups, and propaganda facilities.
控制着主要委员会、劳工和农业团体以及宣传机构
They agitated and led in demonstrations against neighboring countries and the United States.
他们煽动并领导了集♥会♥示♥威♥来反对其他邻国和美国
What was profoundly new in terms of what Bernays did
伯奈斯所做的独到之处在于
is he took this menace to our backyard in Guatemala.
把这种威胁带到了我们在危地马拉的后院
For the first time we saw reds
他第一次让我们看到红色力量
a couple hundred miles from New Orleans,
就在离新奥尔良几百英里的地方
who Eddie Bernays had us believing were a true threat to us.
伯奈斯让我们相信，这对我们是真实威胁
There was going to be a Soviet outpost in our backyard.
我们的后院里会有一个苏联的前哨站
But what Bernays was doing was not just trying to blacken the Arbenz regime,
但伯奈斯所做的， 不只是试图抹黑阿尔本斯政♥权♥
he was part of a secret plot.
他只是这一密谋的一部分
President Eisenhower had agreed that America should topple the Arbenz government,
只要艾森豪威尔总统同意
but secretly.
不过得暗中进行
The CIA were instructed to organize a coup.
中♥央♥情报局奉命组织一次政♥变♥
Working with the United Fruit Company
通过与联合水果公♥司♥合作
the CIA trained and armed a rebel army
中♥央♥情报局训练并武装了一支叛军
and found a new leader for the country called Colonel Armas.
并且找了一个新的国家领导人：阿玛斯上校
The CIA agent in charge was Howard Hunt,
负责此事的中情局特工是霍华德 • 亨特