探求自我的世纪（2002）

Don't settle for anything less then you can be,
不要满足于你所能做到的任何事
make your life a masterpiece!
让你的生活成为杰作！
This is a series about how Sigmund Freud's ideas about the unconscious mind
本系列讲述了西格蒙德•弗洛伊德关于潜意识的理论
have been used by those in power to control the masses in an age of democracy.
被当权者如何用来控制民♥主♥时代的大众
Last week's episode showed how Freud's ideas spread throughout America in the 1950s.
上期展现了弗洛伊德的思想在
They were promoted by his daughter Anna, and by Freud's nephew
这是由弗洛伊德的女儿安娜，以及他的侄子
Edward Bernays who invented public relations.
发明了公♥关♥职业的爱德华•伯纳斯所提倡的
He brought Freud's theories into the heart of advertising and marketing.
他将弗洛伊德的理论引入广♥告♥和市场营销的核心
A man like you!...
像你这样的男人…
I mean... with a curl like this!...
我是说，有这种卷发的…
What they both believed is that underneath all human beings
他们都认为，所有人的内心深处
was a hidden irrational self
都隐藏着一个非理性的自我
which needed to be controlled, both for the good of the individuals
为了个人的利益和社会的稳定
and the stability of society.
这个自我需要被控制
But the Freuds were about to be toppled from power
但是弗洛伊德即将被反对者推♥翻♥
by opponents who said they were wrong about human nature.
他们认为弗洛伊德对人性的看法是错误的
The inner self did not need to be repressed and controlled,
内在的自我不需要被压抑和控制
it should be encouraged to express itself.
它应该被鼓励去表达自己
Out of this would come a new type of strong human being and a better society.
由此便会产生更坚强的新人类，和更美好的社会
But what in fact emerged from this revolution was the very opposite.
但事实上，这场革命所产生的结果恰恰相反
An isolated, vulnerable and above all greedy self.
一个孤立的，脆弱的，而且是更贪婪的自我
Far more open to manipulation by both business and politics than anything that had gone on before.
比以往任何时候，都更容易受到商业和政♥治♥的操纵
Those in power would now control the self not by repressing it,
现在掌权者不再通过压抑自我来控制它
but by feeding it's infinite desires.
而是通过满足自我无限的欲望
What goes on here is the liberation of feeling..
这里发生的是情感的解放
In other word, feelings, not just memories that have been supressed
换句话说，情感，不仅仅是被压抑的记忆
for example screaming, crying, anger...
例如尖叫、哭泣、愤怒…
if that person is really angry, than they're gonna let it out..
如果那个人真的很生气，他们会发泄出来
No!...No!...I could kill you!...
不！不！…我会杀了你！
I'm an old man...Listen!
我是个老人... 听着！
If I can get all that strenght to do this,
如果我有足够的力气这件事
young people would get, if they get those feelings...
年轻人就会这么做，如果他们也有这种感受…
In the 1950s a small group of renegade psychoanalysts began a new form of therapy.
20世纪50年代，一小群叛逆的 精神分♥析♥学家开始了一种新的疗法
They worked in small rooms in New York City
他们在纽约市的小房♥间里工作
and encouraged their patients to express their feelings openly.
鼓励病人公开表达自己的感受
I want help!...I do....
我需要帮助，真的…
It was a direct attack on the theories of the Freudian psychoanalysts
这是对弗洛伊德精神分♥析♥学派理论的直接攻击
who had become rich and powerful teaching Americans how to control their feelings.
他们通过教导美国人控制自己的情感，已十分有钱有势
In Freud's work you see
从弗洛伊德派当中，你可以看到
Dr. Alexander Lowen
亚历山大·罗文 实验心理治疗师
they were afraid of the feelings.
他们害怕……情感
What they wanted was contained people
他们想要容纳的是
very proper doing the right thing and living the proper life.
人们能循规蹈矩地做事，过适当的生活
That's what they wanted.
这就是他们想要的
And not an intense emotional life.
反正不是紧张而情绪化地活着
Freud wasn't emotional himself,
弗洛伊德本人并不情绪化
I mean he's an intellect Freud.
我是说他是一个理智的人
I was an intellect too, I know, but I'm also more than that now.
我也曾是理智的人，我知道，但现在还不止如此
The leader of this group was a man hated by Freud and his family.
这个群体的领导者，是个被弗洛伊德和其家族所憎恨的人
He was called Wilhelm Reich.
他叫做威廉姆•莱克
Reich lived an isolated life in a house he had built for himself
莱克在加拿大过着与世隔绝的生活
in the remote mountains near the Canadian border.
他在边境附近的深山中建了房♥子
Reich originally had been a devoted disciple of Freud's in Vienna in the 1920s
在20年代，最初莱克曾是身在 维也纳的弗洛伊德的忠实信徒
but he had challenged Freud over the fundamental basis of psychoanalysis.
但他对弗洛伊德精神分♥析♥的基础提出了挑战
Freud argued that at heart
弗洛伊德认为，从本质上讲
human beings were still driven by primitive animal instincts.
人类仍然受原始动物本能的驱使
The job of society, was to repress and control these dangerous forces.
社会的任务，就是镇♥压♥和控制这些危险的力量
Reich believed the complete opposite.
莱克的看法完全相反
The unconscious forces inside the human mind, he said, were good.
他说，人类思维中无意识的力量是好的
It was their repression by society that distorted them.
正是社会对他们的压♥迫♥扭曲了他们
That was what made people dangerous.
因此才令人们变得危险
Morton·Herskowitz（1949-1952）
莫顿·赫克沃茨 威廉姆·莱克的学生
Reich and Freud had two fundamentally differing views
莱克和弗洛伊德对人性的本质
about what was essential human nature.
是两种截然不同的看法
At its core Freud saw
核心方面，弗洛伊德看到了
an uncontrolled violent war-like raging inferno of emotions.
失控的战争暴♥力♥，激烈的情绪炼狱
Reich said these things are not the way human beings are originally destined to be,
莱克说，这些本不是人类注定该有的样子
they're the result of not permitting the original impulse to express itself.
它们是原始冲动不允许被表达出来的结果
The underlying natural impulse Reich argued was the libido, sexual energy.
莱克认为，潜在的自然冲动是“力比多”，即性能量
If this were released then human beings would flourish.
如果这些能被释放，人类将蓬勃发展
But this idea brought him into direct conflict not only with Sigmund Freud,
这想法让他不止和西格蒙德•弗洛伊德产生了直接冲突
but with Freud's daughter Anna, who believed that the sexual forces
还有其女儿安娜，后者认为，如果不加以控制
in humans were dangerous if not controlled.
人类的性力量则是危险的
My father thought that you should liberate the libido and have freedom.
我父亲认为应该解放原欲，获得自♥由♥
Lore·Reich·Rubin
劳尔·莱克·鲁宾 威廉姆·莱克之女
And he developed a theory rather early that neuroses
他很早就提出一个理论，认为神经症是
were due to lack of good orgasm or any orgasm.
由于缺乏良好的性高♥潮♥或任何性兴奋所致
And Anna Freud you know was a virgin, and this was very important
安娜•弗洛伊德是个处♥女♥，这点十分重要
because she never had a sexual relation with a man,
因为她从来没有和男人发生过性关系
and here was this man preaching that the way to health was through orgasm,
而现在有个男人宣扬通过性高♥潮♥获得健康
and here was this woman who had been analyzed by her father because she was masturbating.
这个女人则是因为自♥慰♥被她父亲分♥析♥过
So here's this woman who's opposed to sexuality really and here's this man who's preaching sexual freedom
一个是十分反对性的女人，一个是宣扬性自♥由♥的男人
and there was bound to be a clash, wasn't there?
所以这肯定会冲突，不是吗？
The conflict came to a head at a conference in 1934 in Switzerland.
这场冲突在1934年瑞士召开的一次会议上达到高♥潮♥
Anna Freud who had by now become the acknowledged leader
安娜•弗洛伊德现已成为精神分♥析♥运动公认的领袖
of the psychoanalytic movement forced Wilhelm Reich out.
她迫使威廉•莱克出局
She destroyed his career.
她毁了他的职业生涯
She got rid of him, very definitely.
她赶走了他，肯定是
And I guess part of what I am doing is getting rid of her.
所以我想我要做的就是赶走她了
Can you explain?
能解释下吗？
Well, I think that Anna Freud shouldn't get away with what she did,
我认为安娜•弗洛伊德不该被置身事外
that it should be known.
她的所作所为应该被人知道
Maneuvering to get him kicked out of the International Psychoanalytic Association.
在国际精神分♥析♥协会暗箱操作，踢他出局
So you're taking revenge?
所以你想复仇？
You might say so, or wronging a right
可以这么说吧
You might say so, or wronging a right
或者“错误一个纠正”（口误）
No, righting a wrong. You better cut that one out.
不，是纠正错误，你最好把那段剪了
Isn't that called a Freudian slip? -Yes it is.
这是弗洛伊德式口误吗？ 是啊
Reich fled to the United States and built his home and a laboratory.
莱克逃到美国，建了自己的家并成立了实验室
His ideas became grandiose to the point of madness.
他的思想变得浮夸到近乎疯狂的地步
He was convinced that he had discovered the source of libidinal energy.
他确信他已经发现了“原欲”能量的来源
He called it 'orgone energy' and Reich built a giant gun
莱克称之为“原始能量”，他建造了一门巨炮
which he said could capture this energy from the atmosphere
据说可以从大气中捕获这种能量
and concentrate it onto clouds to produce rain.
并将其集中到云层上，从而产生降雨
He also said that the gun could be used to destroy UFOs which threatened the future of the world.
他还说，这炮可以用来摧毁威胁世界未来的不明飞行物
In 1956 Reich was arrested by the federal authorities
1956年，莱克因出♥售♥一种使用原始能量
for selling a device that he said used orgone energy to cure cancer.
治疗癌症的设备，而被联邦当局逮捕
Reich was treated as a madman.
莱克被当成了疯子
He was imprisoned and all his books and papers were burned at the order of the court.
他遭到监禁，所有的书籍文件都被法♥院♥下令烧毁
A year later Reich died in prison.
一年后，莱克死在狱中
To the Freudians it seemed as if their main threat had been removed forever.
对弗洛伊德学派来说，他们的主要威胁似乎永远清除了
But they were wrong.
但他们错了
What the Freudians didn't realize
弗洛伊德学派没有意识到的是
was that their influence in American society was also about to be challenged.
他们在美国社会的影响力也即将受到挑战
And in a way that would lead not only to their decline
某种程度上，这不仅会导致他们的衰落
but to the dramatic resurgence of Reich's ideas in America
还会让莱克的思想在美国戏剧性地复兴
and throughout the capitalist world.
并遍及整个资本主义世界
Because the consumer is king.
消费者至上
His whim makes or unmakes manufacturers, whole-salers and retailers,
他的一时兴起决定了制♥造♥商、所有经销商和零售商的成败
whoever wins his confidence , wins the game
谁赢得他的信任，谁就赢得了这场游戏
whoever loses his confidence is lost..
谁失去他的信任，谁就输了
By the late 1950s psychoanalysis had become deeply involved
直到20世纪50年代末，精神分♥析♥学
in driving consumerism in America.
已经深入推动了美国的消费主义
Most advertising companies employed psychoanalysts.
大多数广♥告♥公♥司♥雇佣心理分♥析♥师
And as last week's episode showed, they had created new ways to understand consumers' motives,
正如上期节目所示，他们创造了新方式来理解消费者的动机
above all with the focus group
尤其是通过焦点小组
in which consumers free associated their feelings about products.
让消费者将他们的感受与产品自♥由♥联♥系♥起来
Out of this came new ways to market products
由此产生了，通过迎合消费者
by appealing to the hidden unconscious desires of the consumer.
潜在的无意识欲望，来营销产品的新方法
But in the early 60's a new generation emerged who attacked this.
但在60年代早期，出现了攻击此道的新一代人