探求自我的世纪（2002）

a new culture would be born,one that would challenge the power of the state.
一种挑战国家权力的新文化便会诞生
We will not let them separate our culture from our politics!
我们不会让他们把我们的文化和政♥治♥分开！
we are the people, we are all together! Fuck 'em!
我们是人♥民♥，我们团结一致！去他妈的！
What was now emerging was the idea that people could be happy simply within themselves
而现在的观念是，人们可以只为自己内心的幸福
and that changing society was irrelevant.
改变社会则是无关紧要的
One of the proponents of this was Jerry Rubin.
其中一个支持者是杰瑞•鲁宾
In 1968 Rubin, as leader of the Yippies had led the march on Chicago.
1968年，鲁宾作为雅皮士的领袖领导了进军芝加哥
But now he had undergone EST training.
但现在他已经接受了 EST 训练
I was willing to die and I had a martyr complex
我愿意去死，我有一种殉道者情结
Jerry·Rubin（1978）
杰瑞·鲁宾 雅痞党创始人
in the sense that we all did,
就像我们都做过的那样
and I've given up that ideal, of sacrifice.
我已经放弃了牺牲的理想
I'm not as overwhelmingly moved by injustice as I was.
我不再像过去那样为不公正而激动了
And now we've reincarnated ourselves from within.
现在我们已经从内在重生了
Stew·Albert
司徒·阿尔伯特 雅痞党创始成员
Basically the politics were lost
基本上，政♥治♥性已经消失
Basically the politics were lost and totally replaced by this lifestyle
并且完全被这种生活方式取代了
and then the desire to become deeper and deeper into the self.
对自我的欲望变得越来越深入
By now a grandiose sense of the self.
到现在为止，是一种自我膨胀的感觉
And my good friend and one of the original Yippie founders Jerry Rubin
我的好友杰瑞•鲁宾，也是雅痞最初创始人之一
definitely moved in that direction
他肯定是朝这个方向发展的
and I think he was beginning to buy into the notion
我认为他开始接受这样的观念
that he could be happy and fully self developed on his own.
他可以很快乐，完全随心所欲
Socialism in one person.
一个人的社♥会♥主♥义♥
What's he alone in that?
什么只是他一个人？
Although that of course is capitalism...
虽然那当然还是资本主义
That's the whole joke.
那完全是个笑话
I think it's funny
我觉得这很有趣
I think it's funny because people spend so much of their life
因为人们花费太多时间
being bedeviled by their past and being locked into their past,
被他们的过去所困扰，被他们的过去所束缚
and being limited by their past,
被他们的过去所限制
and there's an enormous freedom from that, letting people create themselves.
并且从中有了巨大的自♥由♥，让人们创造自己
EST was only the most vivid and intense expression
EST是唯一最生动、最强烈的表达
of an idea that was moving rapidly through all strata of American society.
这一理念正迅速地在美国社会的各个阶层中传播
Books and television programs promoted the idea that one's first duty was to be one's self.
书籍和电视节目也在提倡，人的首要职责就是做自己
And those monitoring this shift were astonished at the speed with which the idea was spreading.
那些关注这一转变的人对这种
In 1970 it was a small percentage
在1970年，它只占总人口的一小部分
of the total population,maybe 3 to 5 percent.
也许只有3% 到5%
By 1980 it had spread to the vast majority of the public up to 80 percent.
到1980年，它在公众中已有高达80%的传播
You asked the question: How do you get self-actualised?
你的提问是：你如何实现自我？
You take this day and you say:
就拿这一天来说，你说
when I shave every morning I look in that mirror and I say to myself, I really say this, I say:
当我每天早上刮胡子时，照着镜子
Nobody is going to ruin this day for you, nobody!
没有人会毁了你的这一天，没有人！
That this pre-occupation with the self and the inner self,
这种对自身和内在自我的关注
traveled and spread throughout the society in the 1970s.
在70年代传遍了整个社会
He helped me to stop living in the past and start building from today
他帮助我停止活在过去，从而开始建设当下
and using my experiences in the past, to be a better person today and tommorow
利用我过去的经验，从现在起做一个更好的人
But then the problem becomes: how do you be self-expressive?
但是问题又变成了：你如何自我表达？
And it was at this point that American capitalism decided it was going to step
正是在这一点上，美国资本主义决定介入
in and help these individuals to express themselves
帮助这些个性新人表达自己
and in the process make a lot of money.
并从这个过程中大量赚钱
The first thing they were going to do was to find a way of getting inside their heads
他们要做的头一件事，就是想方法进入他们的大脑
to discover what these new beings wanted in order to be themselves.
去探索这些新人类为了能成为自己而想要些什么
This came not from Madison Avenue
这不是来自麦迪逊大道
but from one of the most powerful scientific research institutes in America.
而是来自美国最强大的科研机构之一
Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in California, worked for corporations and government.
加利福尼亚州的斯坦福研究所（SRI）服务于企业和政♥府♥
It had done much of the early work on computers
早期的大部分工作是在计算机上完成的
and was also working for the department of defense on what would become the "Star Wars" project.
同时也负责了国防部后来的“星球大战”项目
In 1978 a group of economists and psychologists at SRI
1978年，SRI的一群经济学家和心理学家
decided to find a way to read, measure, and fulfill the desires
决定找一种方法来读取、测量和满足
of these new unpredictable consumers.
这些新的不可预测的消费者的欲望
The idea was to create a rigorous tool
这个想法是为了创造一个严格的工具
Jay Ogilvy（1979-1988）
杰伊·奥格威 SRI心理价值研究主任
for measuring a whole range of desires, wishes, values,
来测量一系列的欲求，愿望，价值观
that prior to that time had been kind of overlooked.
这些此前被忽视的东西
They say in business, you know,'What gets measured, gets done'.
他们说，在商业中，“能被测量的就能做的出”
We were basically telling manufacturers if you are really going to satisfy
我们基本上是在告诉制♥造♥商，如果你真想要去满足
not just the basic needs but individuated wants,
那就不仅是基本需求，而是要有个性化的设想
whims and desires of more highly developed human beings
高度发达的人类那些突发奇想的欲望
you are going to have to segment, you are going to have to individuate.
你将不得不细分，不得不个性化
To do this, SRI turned for help to those who had begun the liberation of the self.
为了做到这一点，SRI 向那些已经
In particular, one of the leaders of the human potential movement,
尤其是人类潜能运动的领导者之一
a psychologist called Abraham Maslow.
心理学家亚伯拉罕•马斯洛
Through the observing the work of places like Esalen,
通过观察埃萨林这类机构的工作
Maslow had invented a new system of psychological types.
马斯洛发明了一套新的心理学体系
He called it the hierarchy of needs,
他称之为需求层次
and it described the different emotional stages
并且描述了人们在解放自己情感时
that people had went through as they liberated their feelings.
所经历的不同情感阶段
At the top was self-actualization.
在最顶层的是自我实现
This was the point at which individuals became completely self-directed and free of society.
在这一点上，个人将变成完全自主并脱离社会
The team at SRI thought that Maslow's hierarchy
SRI 的研究小组认为，马斯洛的层级体系
might form a basis for a new way to categorize society.
可能构成一种新的社会分类方法的基础
Not by social class, but by different psychological desires and drives.
不基于社会阶层，而是基于不同的心理欲望和驱动力
To test this, they designed a huge questionnaire with hundreds of questions
为了验证这一点，他们设计了一个海量问卷
about how people saw themselves - their inner values.
里面有数百个关于人们如何
The questions were designed to see whether people fitted into Maslow's categories.
这些问题旨在观察人们是否符合马斯洛的分类
We were trying to find out what people really felt like.
我们试图找出人们的真实感受
Amina·Marie·Spengler（1978-86）
阿米娜·玛丽·斯宾格勒 心理价值研究项目主任
So we asked these really penetrating questions
所以我们问了一些非常尖锐的问题
and we hired a company that administers surveys to do them
我们聘请了一家主管调查的公♥司♥来做这些调查
and they said they had never seen anything like it.
他们说从来没见过这样的事
Usually you have to send out a postcard
通常你必须先寄一张明信片
in six weeks another postcard
六个星期内寄出另一张
and then you have to call the people up, you know to get the return rates up,
然后你必须打电♥话♥给那些人，你得提高回复率
we had an 86 percent return and they only sent out a postcard.
我们有86% 的回复率，只是寄了一张明信片
People loved filling out this questionnaire.
人们喜欢填写这份问卷
We got several questionnaires back with a note attached saying:
我们收到几份还附有说明的问卷回复
do you have any other questionnaires I can fill out?
上面写着：你们还有其他问卷我可以填写吗？
Because we were asking people to think about things that they had never thought about before
因为我们问了人们一些他们以前从未想过的事
and they liked thinking about them.
而他们喜欢思考这些事情
Like what they felt inside,
比如他们内在的感受
like…what motivated them,what was their life about,
像是…什么激励了他们，他们的生活是怎样的
what was important to them. It was sort of like, wow.
什么对他们最为重要，诸如此类的…
The answers were then analyzed by computer.
这些回复将用计算机进行分♥析♥
It revealed there were underlying patterns in the way people felt about themselves
它揭示了人们潜在的自我感觉的模式
which fitted Maslow's categories.
这些模式符合马斯洛的分类
And at the top of the hierarchy were a large and growing group which cut across all social classes.
在层级的顶端是一个不断壮大的
The SRI called them the inner directives.
SRI称它们为内部准则
These were people who felt they were not defined by their place in society
这些人认为他们不该被自己在社会上的地位所定义
but by the choices they made themselves.
而是应由他们自己做出选择
But what SRI discovered was that these people could be defined
但是 SRI 发现，这些人可以通过
by the different patterns of behavior through which they chose to express themselves.
他们用来表达自己的、不同的行为模式而被定义
Self expression was not infinite, it fell into identifiable types.
自我表达不是无限的，而是可以分为几种类型
The SRI team invented a new term for it - lifestyles.
SRI 团队为它发明了一个新术语——生活方式
They had managed to categorize the new individualism.
他们设法对新的个人主义进行分类
They called their system "Values and Lifestyles", VALs for short.
他们称此系统为“价值观和生活方式”，简称VALs
At the forefront of this change are three new VALs groups,
在这一变革最前沿的是三个新VALs小组
groups we call inner directed.
我们称之为内部主导小组
These are people for whom personal satisfaction is more important than status or money.
对这些人来说，个人满足比地位或金钱更重要
They tend to be self expressive, complex, and individualistic.
他们倾向于自我表达、综合发展和个人主义
Rob is an I-am-me.
Rob是一个“我即我”的人
I am me's are searching for new values,
“我就是我”即是寻找新的价值观
breaking away from traditions and inventing their own standards.
打破传统，创造自己的标准
Rob even invented his own name - Rob Noxious.
Rob甚至创造了他的新名字：Rob Noxious
Jody is an Experiential.
Jody是个“体验派”
This is a group seeking inner growth through direct experience.
这是一个通过直接体验寻求内在成长的群体
Experientials are in one place much, this is the try-anything-once crowd,
体验派多集中在一个地方，这是个“尝试一切”的群体
and all that activity takes goods and services.
所有的活动都需要商品和服务
Their hobbies are hands-on
他们的爱好是自食其力
and their possessions are simple but not always simply priced.
他们的财产很简单，但不是简单的定价