探求自我的世纪（2002）

for the campaign to elect Bill Clinton President in America.
为比尔•克♥林♥顿♥的总统竞选工作
The 1992 election, during and afterward
1992年的选举，无论是在期间还是之后
people felt under great strain and really did fall demoralized and dejected
人们承受着巨大压力，确实士气低落而且沮丧
and to from this to the Clinton campaign was an extraordinary experience
从这里到克♥林♥顿♥的竞选活动是一次非凡的经历
because here suddenly I found articulated many of the ideas I had
因为在这我突然发现我已阐明了许多想法
but not fully myself been able to encapsulate or to articulate.
但还不足以完全概括或表明我的意思
Do you want a president who will restore the middle class,
你们想要一个能够重塑中产阶级
reclaim the future for the middle class and restore the American dream?
为中产阶级夺回未来，重振美国梦的总统吗？
Vote for Bill Clinton and you have surely sent the signal to the country
投票给比尔•克♥林♥顿♥吧，你们肯定已经向全国发出了信♥号♥♥
that we are coming, together!...
我们就要一起上啦！
What Gould discovered was that like the labour party,
古尔德发现，就像工党一样
the democrats had also been doing focus groups with swing voters.
民♥主♥党人也在对摇摆不定的选民进行焦点小组
The difference was that Bill Clinton had decided to tailor his policies
不同之处在于，比尔•克♥林♥顿♥决定调整自己的政策
to fit with these voters desires.
以适应这些选民的愿望
Above all, with their ferocious belief that they should only pay tax
最重要的是，他们坚定地认为
for things that benefitted them, not for the welfare of others.
应该只为有利于自己的事情纳税，而不是为了他人的福利
I have no idea what percentage of my tax-dollars go to welfare, but,
我不知道我交的税款中有多少用于福利，但是
even if it's a minuscule percentage, even if it's a core percent,
即使这个百分比很小，即使是核心百分比
it's still too much...for people that are receiving these benefits that are basicly non-productive...
对于那些接受这些福利却基本
The Clinton team decided that to win
克♥林♥顿♥团队决定，为了赢得选举
they had to promise tax cuts for these suburban voters.
他们必须承诺为这些郊区选民减税
And they also used the focus groups throughout the campaign
在整个竞选过程中，他们还利用焦点小组
to check every appearance, speech and policy with them for their approval.
检查他们的每一次露面、言论和政策，以获得他们的认可
What Clinton called the forgotten middle class
克♥林♥顿♥所说的被遗忘的中产阶级
became central figures in a new type of reactive politics.
成为一种新型的政局反映的中心
Candidates for the presidency of the United States has been pre-packaged and designed for many many years.
多年以来，美国总统候选人都是预先包装好的
What was new, was an attempt to use very sophisticated or pseudo-sophisticated techniques
新的尝试是，使用非常复杂或伪复杂的技术
to plum the public psychology to find out precisely what the desires of the individuals were
充实公众心理学，以找出准确的个人欲望是什么
and then to come up with a candidate and a platform and images and words
然后提出一个候选人、一个平台、图像和语言
that exactly responded to those deep desires.
准确地回应这些深层欲望
This was packaging at a new level.
这是更有水平的包装
This was polling at an extreme.
是一种极度的民♥意♥调查
I'm not gonna raise tax for the middle class!
我不会为中产阶级增税！
...and the middle class needs a break...
中产阶级需要休养生息…
The government is in the way...
政♥府♥很碍事…
Is taking more of your money ang giving you less in return...
多拿你的钱，给你更少给的回报…
In the name of the hard working Americans who make up our forgotten middle class
以辛勤工作却被遗忘的美国中产阶级的名义
I proudly accept your niomination for president of the United States...
我自豪地接受你们为美国总统的提名
Stay focused! Talk about things that matter to people!...You know?
保持专注，谈论对人们重要的事情！... 你知道吗？
It's the economy, stupid!.. OK?...
这是经济问题，笨蛋！
But Clinton's campaign team led by James Carvell and George Stephanopolus
但是，由詹姆斯•卡维尔和乔治•史蒂芬奥普鲁斯
did not believe that they were capitulating to the selfish desires of the middle classes.
并不相信他们屈服于中产阶级的自私欲望
Tax cuts were the price they had to pay to regain power.
减税是他们重新掌权所必须付出的代价
But once in power they would still fulfill traditional democratic policies
而一旦掌权，他们仍将履行传统的民♥主♥党政策
and help the poor who had been neglected under Reagan,
帮助里根时期被忽视的穷♥人♥
above all with the reform of health care.
尤其是要医疗改革
They would pay for the tax cuts by cutting defense spending and increasing taxes on the very rich.
他们将通过削减国防开支和对富人增税来兑现减税
In this way, they believed they were forging a coalition
通过这种方式，他们相信他们正在建立
of the new and the old voters both of whom, could be satisfied.
新旧双方都能满意的选民♥联♥盟
George Stephanopolus
乔治·史蒂芬奥普鲁斯 1992年大选之夜
Probably for the first time in a generation, tomorrow, we're gonna win...
也许是这届以来第一次，明天，我们会赢…
And that means that more people are going to have more jobs,
这意味着更多的人会有更多的工作
people are going to appeal a little less to healthcare, get better care,
人们会少点医疗保健，得到更好的照顾
and more kids are going to get better schools...
更多的孩子能进好学校…
Umm,...So,... thanks...
谢谢…
But the democrats optimism was to be short-lived.
但民♥主♥派的乐观情绪是短暂的
In November 1992, Clinton was triumphantly elected President.
1992年11月，克♥林♥顿♥成功当选总统
But within weeks, his administration discovered
但在几周内，他的政♥府♥发现
that the budgets deficit was far greater than they had anticipated.
预算赤字远远超过了他们的预期
At a meeting in the White House, in January 1993
1993年1月，在白宫的一次会议上
the head of the Federal Reserve told them that the deficit was nearly 300 Billion dollars.
美联储主席告诉他们，赤字接近3000亿美元
There was no way they could borrow more without panicking the markets and causing a crisis.
他们不可能在不引发市场恐慌和危机的情况下借入更多资金
The only way to pay for the proposed tax cuts,
为减税计划买♥♥单的唯一方法
would be to cut government spending not just in defense but on welfare.
就是削减政♥府♥的国防开支，而且还有福利开支
Clinton was faced with a choice between the old politics and the new
克♥林♥顿♥面临着新旧政♥治♥的选择
he chose the old.
他选择了旧的
The tax cuts were dropped and he tried to inspire the country
减税政策被取消，他试图
with the old democratic ideal of government spending
用旧的民♥主♥理念激励国家
to help the poor and disadvantaged.
即政♥府♥支出帮助穷♥人♥和弱势群体
Tonight I want to talk with you about what government can do,
今晚我想和你们谈谈政♥府♥能做些什么
because I believe the government must do more to put people to work now
因为我相信政♥府♥必须做更多的工作，保障人♥民♥就业
to create a half a million jobs, jobs to rebuild our highways and airports
创造50万个岗位，重建我们的高速公路和机场
to renovate housing, to bring new life to rural communities and spread hope
翻新住房♥，给农村社区带来新的生活
and oportunity among our nation's youth.
在我们国家的年轻人中传播希望和机会
Healthcare reform sounds like a great idea to me!
对我来说，医疗改革听起来是个好主意
Well, I know, but some of these details sure scarre the hack out of me!
我知道，但是有些细节确实吓坏我了！
Like what? Like...
像是？ 比如…
At the start of the Clinton administration
在克♥林♥顿♥政♥府♥执政的初期
many of us, including I believe President Clinton himself
我们中的许多人，也包括我都相信克♥林♥顿♥总统
reverted back to an older tradition,
回归到古老的传统
tried to lift the public to talk about genuine ideals beyond the individual.
试图让公众谈论，超越个人主义的真正理想
And that reformed agenda being, not only universal health care, and child care,
改革后的议程不仅包括全民医保和儿童保健
and dealing with the widening inequalities in our society, and homelessness,
还包括解决社会日益扩大的不平等和无家可归问题
many things that many citizens - particularly middle income citizens just didn't want to deal with.
还有许多公民问题，尤其是那些中等收入公民不愿处理的
But the suburban voters who had been promised tax cuts
但是那些得到减税承诺的郊区选民
were not inspired by Bill Clinton's vision.
并没有受到比尔•克♥林♥顿♥的愿景的鼓舞
They felt betrayed and wanted revenge.
他们觉得被出♥卖♥♥♥了，想要报复
Their opportunity came in 1994, with the congressional elections.
他们的机会来自1994年的国会选举
The Republicans led by Newt Gingrich promised huge tax cuts
以纽特•金里奇为首的共和党人承诺
and to dismantle the welfare system.
大幅减税并废除福利制度
The voters who had defected to Clinton switched sides yet again
投靠克♥林♥顿♥的选民再次倒戈
and the Republicans won both houses of Congress in a landslide.
共和党以压倒性优势赢得了国会两院
Well, I think it's a tremendous vote in favor of a smaller government
我认为这是一次精彩的投票
and lower taxes in a sense of a renewal of a Thatcher-Reagan tradition
支持一个更小的政♥府♥和更低的税收，某种意义上说
and that interest is pretty decisive...
是对撒切尔-里根传统的更新，利益非常果断…
It means that the welfare state is going to be less hospitable
这意味着，对于那些不愿意为自己的处境负责的人来说
for people who are not willing to take responsability for their own situation
福利国家将变得不再那么友好
no question about it...
这毫无疑问...
I think today is the begining of the end of the welfare state...
我认为今天是福利国家终结的开始…
For Clinton it was a disaster.
对克♥林♥顿♥来说，这是一场灾难
Faced with a hostile congress there was no way for him to get his reforms through.
面对敌对的国会，他没有办法使他的改革获得通过
His personal popularity plummeted
他的个人支持率直线下降
and it seemed certain he would not be re-elected in two years time.
而且他看起来肯定不会在两年内再次当选
In desperation and without telling his cabinet
绝望中，克♥林♥顿♥在没告知内阁的情况下
Clinton turned for help to one of America's most ruthless political strategists, Dick Morris.
转而向美国最无情的政♥治♥战略家
What did he want you to do? Save his butt...
他想让你做些什么？ 帮他擦屁♥股♥…
Dick Morris（1994 - 1996）
迪克·莫里斯 克♥林♥顿♥总统♥战♥略顾问
Clinton was in serious trouble, he had lost the 94 election,
克♥林♥顿♥遇到了大♥麻♥烦，他在94年大选中落败
he had lost control of Congress, and he hired me to come back help and save him.
他失去了对国会的控制，所以雇我回来救他
So he was basically asking me to perform roughly the same role as
所以他基本上是让我在溺水时
a life preserver would if you are drowning.
扮演和救生员差不多的角色
What Morris told Clinton was that to win re-election
莫里斯告诉克♥林♥顿♥的是，要想赢得连任
he would have to transform the very nature of politics.
他必须改变政♥治♥的本质
The crucial swing voters in the suburbs now thought and behaved like consumers.
郊区那些摇摆不定的主要选民
The only way to win them back was to forget all ideology
要想赢回他们，唯一的办法是忘掉所有意识形态
and instead turn politics into a form of consumer business.
把政♥治♥变成一种消费商业形式
Clinton must try to identify their personal desires and whims
克♥林♥顿♥必须设法确定他们的个人愿望和奇想
and then promise to fulfill them.
然后承诺实现它们
If he followed those consumer rules they would follow him.
如果他遵循这些消费者规则，他们就会遵循他
I said that I felt the most important thing for him to do
我说，我觉得对于他最重要的事
was to bring to the political system the same consumer rules philosophy that the business community has.
是把商业社会的消费者规则哲学带到政♥治♥体系中去
Because I think politics needs to be as responsive to the whims and desires
因为我认为政♥治♥需要像商业一样
of the marketplace as business is.
对市场的突发奇想和欲望做出反应
And it needs to be sensitive to the bottom line - profits or votes - as a business is.
需要对底线保持敏感，即利润或选票，就像商业那样
I think all of this involves really, a changed view of the voters
我认为所有这一切都涉及到，改变对选民的看法
so that instead of treating them as targets you treat them as owners.
这样就不会把他们当作目标来对待，而是当作业主
Instead of treating them as something that you can manipulate
与其把他们当成可以操纵的对象
you treat them as something you need to learn from.
不如当成你需要学习的对象
And instead of feeling that you can stay in one place and you can manipulate the voters
与其觉得自己可以呆在一个地方操纵选民
you need to learn what they want
你该去了解他们想要什么