探求自我的世纪（2002）

We don't say that you're wrong..
我们并不是说你们错了
We just want to be free, to be what we want to be
我们只是想要自♥由♥，成为自己想要的人
and what we find ourselves to be, as we continue the search ourselves...
我们寻找自己所求，并且会继续探寻自我…
And it was beginning to have a serious effect on corporate America
这开始对美国企业产生严重影响
because these new selves were not behaving as predictable consumers.
因为这些新的自我不再是行为可供预测的消费者
The life insurance industry in particular
人寿保险行业尤其担心
was concerned that fewer and fewer college students were buying life insurance when they left university.
大学毕业后购买♥♥人寿保险的学生越来越少
They asked Daniel Yankelovich, America's leading market researcher to investigate.
他们要求美国首席市场研究员
He had studied psychoanalysis.
他学过精神分♥析♥
Daniel·Yankelovich
丹尼尔·扬克洛维奇 市场调查公♥司♥合伙人
The life insurance business more than any other business at the time
人寿保险业务当时建立在新教伦理的基础上
was built on the protestant ethic.
盛于其他任何企业
You only bought life insurance if you were a person who sacrificed for the future.
只有当你为未来做出牺牲，你才会买♥♥人寿保险
If you lived in the present you had no need for life insurance.
如果你活在当下，你就不需要保险
So they had some sense that maybe the core values of the protestant ethic
所以他们感到，也许新教伦理的核心价值观
were being challenged by some of these new values that were beginning to appear.
正在受到一些新生价值观的挑战
And I was really astonished at what I found.
我对自己的发现感到非常惊讶
The conventional interpretation was that it had to do with political radicalism.
保守派的解释是，这与政♥治♥激进主义有关
But you know it was clear to us that was a mask, a cover.
但我们清楚的是，那是面具，是一个掩护
The core of it, had to do with self expressiveness...
它的核心与自我表达有关…
This preoccupation with the self and the inner self,
这种对自我和内在自我的专注
that was what was so important to people,
对人们来说是如此重要
the ability to be self expressive.
这种自我表达的能力
Wow! What a feeling!..
多么带感！
Yankelovich began to track the growth and behavior of these new expressive selves.
扬克洛维奇开始追踪这些
What he told the corporations, was that these new beings WERE consumers
他告诉企业，这些新人也是消费者
but they no longer wanted anything that would place them within the narrow strata of American society.
但他们不再需要那些会将他们置于 狭窄的美国社会阶层内的东西
Instead, what they wanted were products that would express their individuality,
相反，他们想要的是能够表现他们个性的产品
their difference in a conformist world.
在循规蹈矩的世界里与众不同的东西
They very things that US corporations did not make.
这些都是美国公♥司♥没做到的
Products have always had an emotional meaning.
产品总是具有一种情感意义
What was new was individuality.
所谓的新事物就是个性
The idea that this product expresses me
理念是，产品表达了我的个性
and whether it was a small European car,
无论它是一辆欧洲小汽车
the particular music system,
特定的音乐系统
your presentation of self, your clothing,
你的自我展现，你的服装
these become ways in which people can spend their money
这些都成了人们为之花钱的地方
in order to say to the world who they are.
只为了告诉世界，他们是谁
But the manufacturers, they had no idea what was going on, really,
但制♥造♥商们不知道发生了什么，真的
and they are with consumers in the market of life.
他们和消费者同样生活在市场中
Major advertising companies set up what they called operating groups
大广♥告♥公♥司♥设立了他们所谓的运营团队
to try and work out how to appeal to these new individuals.
试图找出该如何吸引这些个性新人
The head of one agency sent a memo to all staff.
一家机构的负责人给了全体员工一份备忘录
We must conform, he told them, to the new non-conformists.
告诉他们说，我们必须顺应这些新的叛逆者
We must listen to the music of Bobby Dylan and go to the theater more.
我们必须多听鲍伯•迪伦的音乐，多去剧院
But the problem was, fewer of the self expressive individuals would take part in focus groups.
但问题是，释放自我的新人很少会参加焦点小组
The advertisers were left to their own devices.
广♥告♥商们只能靠自己摸索了
There's a new cereal that tastes so right!
有种新麦片，味道很正点！
It makes you dance, it's a way out of sight!
它能让你美上天，这可不多见！
It's tasty little squares of malted wheat
美味的麦芽小颗粒
It's crispy and it's crunchy and it tastes so neat!
尝起来清脆又爽口！
Faster, though... That's what I'm saying,
再快点儿... 我就是这个意思
use a folk-rock,with more rock than folk!
用民谣摇滚，比民谣还要摇滚！
And there was an even more serious problem.
然而还有一个更严重的问题
To make more products for people who wanted to express themselves would mean creating variety.
为那些想要表达自我的人制♥造♥更多产品，意味着要花样百出
But the systems of mass production that had been developed in America
但是，美国发展起来的大规模生产系统
were only profitable if they made large numbers of the same objects.
只有在生产大量相同产品的情况下才有利可图
This had fitted perfectly with the limited range of desires of a conformist society.
这只是契合了循规蹈矩的社会有限的欲望范围
The expressive self threatened this whole system of manufacturing.
个性自我威胁着整个制♥造♥系统
And the threat was about to grow rapidly
这种威胁即将迅速增长
because an entrepreneur had invented a way
因为一位企业家发明了一种
of mass producing this new independent self.
批量生产新个性自我的方法
He was called Werner Erhard.
他名叫维尔纳•艾哈德
Erhard had invented a system called EST - Erhard Seminar Training.
艾哈德发明了一个名为EST-艾哈德训练班的体系
Hundreds of people came for weekend sessions to be taught how to be themselves,
数以百计的人来参加周末的课程，学习如何做自己
and EST was soon copied by other groups like Exegesis in Britain.
EST也很快被英国的训诂学等其他团体效仿
Many of Erhard's techniques came from the human potential movement.
艾哈德的许多技巧来自于人类潜能运动
He criticized the movement for not having gone far enough.
他批评这场运动走得还不够远
Their idea that there was a central core inside all human beings
他们的观点认为所有人类都有一个核心
was he said just another limitation on human freedom.
但这只是对人类自♥由♥的另一种限制
In reality there was no fixed self
事实上并没有固定的自我
which meant that you could be anything that you wanted to be.
这意味着你可以成为任何你想成为的人
The thesis of the human potential movement was
关于人类潜能运动的论点是
Werner·Erhard
维尔纳·艾哈德 EST创始人
that there was something really good down in there
人（内心深处）有些真正的好东西
and if you took these layers off what you were going to wind up with was a kernel,
如果你把那些外层去掉，你会得到一个精髓
a something that was innately self-expressive
一个与生俱来的本质
that was the true self that was going to be a wonderful thing.
那才是真正的自我，是美妙的东西
In actuality we found people who had gone to the last layer
但实际上，我们发现那些已经去掉最后一层的人
and took off the last layer and found that, what was left was nothing.
取下了最后一层，发现什么都没有
All right! Push! Move! Do it!
好！用力推！动手！
The EST sessions were intense and often brutal.
EST的课程很紧张，而且常常很残酷
The participants signed contracts agreeing not to leave
参与者签署合同，同意不离开
and to allow the trainers to do anything they thought was necessary
并且允许培训者做任何他们认为必要的事情
to break down their socially constructed identities.
以打破他们的社会构建的身份
You're gonna get to a sandwich there! Or I'm gonna win!
你会得到一个三明治！ 或者我赢！
If I push harder than you do, I'm gonna squash you!
如果我比你用力，我会压扁你！
So you'd better push fast, now, hard ! Do it!
所以你最好快点推，现在，使劲！ 动手吧！
That's it, do it! Yeah, push! Good! Good!
就这样，对了！推吧！不错！
Good! Again! Yes!
不错！再来！
The real point to the EST training was to go down through layer after layer after layer after layer
EST培训的真正目的在于，一层接着一层
until you got to the last layer and peeled it off
直到你到达最后一层，并把它剥离开来
where the recognition was that it's really all meaningless and empty.
你会意识到这里是毫无意义而且空虚的
Now, that's existentialism's end point.
所以，这就是存在主义的终点
EST went a step further,
EST走得更远
in that people began to recognize that it was not only meaningless and empty,
因为人们开始认识到那不仅是无意义和空虚的
but that it was empty and meaningless that it was empty and meaningless,
它是空虚和无意义的
and in that there's an enormous freedom.
这其中也是广大的自♥由♥空间
All of the constrictions, all of the rules that you placed on yourself,are gone.
所有的束缚，所有你强加在自己身上的规则，都消失了
And what you are left with is nothing,
于是你所剩无几
and nothing is an extraordinarily powerful place to stand
一无所有是一个非常强大的立足点
because it is only from nothing that you can create and
因为只有从虚无中，你才能创造
from this nothing people were able to invent a life,allowing them to create themselves.
从虚无中，人们才能创造出一种生活，创造出自我
To invent themselves?
塑造自己？
To invent themselves. You can be what you want to be.
对，你可以成为你想要的样子
I want you to start to make that sound
我希望你们开始发出这种声音
and on that sound, create in people,the world the way you want to create it
用这种声音，用你们想要的方式去塑造人，塑造世界
Jesse·Kornbluth（1970s）
杰西·科恩布鲁斯 新时代报记者
What Erhard did was to say
艾哈德所做的就是说
that only the individual matters,
只有个体才是重要的
that there is no societal concern,
没有对社会的关注
that you living a fulfilled life is all you need to be concerned about.
你充实的生活就是你需要关心的全部
EST people came out of those trainings feeling that
经过EST那些训练的人都觉得
it wasn't selfish to think about yourself,it was your highest duty.
为自己着想并不自私，这是你的最高职责
So kiss me and smile for me
吻我吧，为我微笑
Tell me that you'll wait for me
告诉我你会等我
Hold me like you'll never let me go
抱着我，就像你永不会让我离去
The training is two weekends
训练了有两个周末
John·Denver
约翰·丹佛 EST毕业生
and it was quite an incredible experience in my life,
这是我人生中一段难以置信的经历
and I'll forever be grateful for the experience. I got a great deal out of it.
我将永远感激这段经历，我从中学到了很多
We really want to know who we are,
我们真的很想知道自己是什么样子
there are things going on where we learn more and more about ourselves all the time,
一直以来，我们对自己的了解越来越多
and to really find out what it is that makes us tick
为了找出究竟是什么让我们活下去
and how we are discovering ourselves.
以及我们是如何找到自我的
EST became hugely successful.
EST取得了巨大成功
Singers, film stars, and hundreds of thousands of ordinary Americans underwent the training in the 1970s.
歌♥手、电影明星，成千上万的普通
But in the process the political idea
但在这个过程中
that had begun the movement of personal transformation began to disappear.
自身转变运动的政♥治♥理念逐渐消失
The original vision, that being through discovering and expressing yourself
最初的愿景是，通过发现和表达自己