探求自我的世纪（2002）

All he managed to produce were dozens of individuals with memory loss
他设法造出的只是一群丧失记忆的人
and the ability to repeat the phrase "I am at ease with myself".
他们只会重复着一句话：“我感到很安逸”
And it was not an isolated case, almost all the experiments the CIA funded were equally unsuccessful.
这并非孤例，几乎所有中情局资助的实验都同样失败
Despite their ambitions American psychologists were beginning to find out
尽管他们雄心勃勃，美国心理学家开始意识到
how difficult it was to understand and control the inner workings of the human mind.
理解和控制人类大脑的内部运作是多么的困难
We had really been chasing a phantom,if you will, an illusion,
我们像在追赶一个幽灵，这么说吧，幻象
that the human mind was more capable of manipulation from the outside,
认为人类的思想更有可能被外部操纵
by outside factors than it is.
通过外部因素，而不是它自身
We found out that the human being is an extremely complex thing.
我们发现，人类是一个极端复杂的事物
There were no simple solutions.
没有简单的解决方案
But you've just got to bear in mind that these were strange times.
但是你必须记住，这是一个奇怪的时代
The psychoanalysts had come to power in America
精神分♥析♥学家之所以在美国掌权
because of their theory that they knew how to control the dangerous forces inside human beings.
因为他们懂得如何控制
But now the psychoanalysts were about to face a high profile failure
但现在，这些精神分♥析♥师正要面临一次重大失败
that would lead people to begin questioning the very basis of their ideas.
这将导致人们开始质疑他们的理论基础
It began in Hollywood.
此事始于好莱坞
The film industry had become fascinated with psychoanalysis,
电影界对精神分♥析♥变得着迷
and Anna Freud was a powerful influence on dozens of analysts in Los Angeles.
安娜 • 弗洛伊德对洛杉矶的几十位分♥析♥家有着巨大影响
They treated film stars, directors, and studio bosses.
他们治疗电影明星、导演和电影厂老板
Anna Freud's closest friend was the most sought after of all, Ralph Greenson.
安娜的密友拉尔夫•格林森是最受欢迎的一位
And in 1960 the most famous star in the world turned to Greenson for help.
1960年，世界知名的明星都转向格林森寻求帮助
Marilyn Monroe was suffering from despair
玛丽莲 • 梦露深受绝望折磨
and had become addicted to alcohol and drugs.
沉迷于酒精和毒品
Celeste·Holm
塞莱斯特·霍默 演员，格雷森的前病人
When I walked in to dinner here was Marilyn Monroe.
当时我去赴宴，玛丽莲 • 梦露也在
And I made a picture with her called All About Eve.
我曾和她一起出演过电影《彗星美人》
This was dinner at Ralph Greenson's?
格林森家的晚宴吗？
Yes. And...the only thing was...
是的，而且，唯一的事就是…
Ralph was trying to show her...
格林森试图向她描述……
the way a family life ought really to be.
一个家庭的生活方式实际上该是怎样的
So we were walking the dog after and I said, what the hell are you doing here?
后来我们遛狗时，我说，你们到底在这干吗呢？
I said, You never had me to dinner!
我说，你还没请我用餐呢
And he said, You weren't that sick.
而他说，你没那么病态
And I said, oh.
我说，噢
He said this child has no, NO frame of reference.
他说，这孩子没有可参照的榜样
In other words she has no idea what the goal is.
换句话说，她不知道目标所在
What Greenson did was follow Anna Freud's theory.
格林森的做法是依照安娜•弗洛伊德的理论
If Marilyn Monroe could be thought to conform to what society considered a normal pattern of life.
如果玛丽莲•梦露能被认为符合
That would help her ego control her inner destructive urges.
这将有助于她的自我控制内心的破坏性冲动
But Greenson pushed it to an extreme.
但格林森将其推向了一个极端
He persuaded Monroe to move into a house nearby that was decorated like his own.
他说服梦露搬进附近一所装饰得像他自己家的房♥子
He then took her into his own family life,
然后他带她进入自己的家庭生活
and he, his wife and his daughter played at being Monroe's own family.
而他和自己的妻女扮演起了梦露的家庭
Greenson himself would become the model of conformity.
格林森本人将成为可效仿的典范
Dr. Leo·Rangell
雷欧·兰格尔 洛杉矶精神分♥析♥师
And so this...someone she regarded as important
这样一来，她视作很重要的人
and she idealized,
并且把他理想化
if he turned out to be a very gratifying father figure
如果他是一个令人满意的父亲形象
her ego would benefit from that, that was the theory.
她的自尊心会从中受益，这就是他的理论
His wife and children, everyone was involved in it.
他的妻子和孩子，每个人都参与其中
They were strengthening the person, they were strengthening the mind,
他们在强化自我，强化精神
they were strengthening the agent that controls inner life;
他们强化了控制她内心生活的因素
against adversity, against insufficiency,against too much frustration,
来对抗逆境，对抗不足，对抗种种挫折
so that Marilyn would no longer be a helpless person looking for love,she'd have enough love.
这样玛丽莲就不再是个寻找爱
But despite all his efforts,Greenson was unable to help Marilyn Monroe.
尽管做了所有努力，格林森仍没能帮到玛丽莲•梦露
On August 5th 1962 she committed suicide in her house.
1962年8月5日， 她在家中自杀身亡
The suicide shocked many in the analytic community, including Anna Freud.
自杀震惊了分♥析♥学界的许多人，包括安娜•弗洛伊德
And high profile figures in American life who had previously been enthusiasts for psychoanalysis
以及美式生活中那些曾经
now began to question why psychoanalysis had become so powerful in America.
现在他们开始质疑，为什么精神分♥析♥在美国变得如此强势
Was it really because it benefitted individuals
究竟它是真能够使个人受益
or had it in fact become a form of constraint in the interests of social order.
还是因为实际已经成为一种
The critics included Monroe's ex-husband, Arthur Miller.
批评者包括梦露的前夫亚瑟•米勒
My argument with so much if psychoanalysis is the preconception
我多次争辩过，假如精神分♥析♥是一种先入为主的观念
that suffering is a mistake,or a sign of weakness,or a sign even of illness.
认为痛苦是一种错误，或是软弱、疾病的标志
When in fact,possibly the greatest truths we know will have come out of people's suffering.
但实际上，也许我们所知最伟大
That the problem is not to undo suffering or to wipe it off the face of the earth but to make it inform our lives,
问题不在于消除痛苦，或将其从地球上抹去
instead of trying to cure ourselves of it constantly and avoid it.
要让它启示我们的生活，而不是 不断试图“治愈”我们自己免于痛苦
And avoid anything but that lobotomized sense of what they call happiness.
他们所谓的快乐，就是避免了
There's too much of an attempt it seems to me at controlling man rather than freeing him;
在我看来，这里面想要控制别人的企图更甚于解放他
of defining him rather than letting him go.
是为了约束他，而非放任
And it's part of the whole ideology of this age which is power mad.
这就是整个时代意识形态的一部分，也就是权力至上
Hey, have you heard about the crazy new way
今天你是否听说一种疯狂的新方法
to send a message today
来发送信息？
It's flashed on a screen, too quick to see
它闪烁在荧屏，快到看不见
But still you get it, subliminally
但你仍能明白它，下意识地
At the same time an onslaught was launched
与此同时，人们开始猛烈抨击
on the way psychoanalysis was being used by business to control people.
企业利用精神分♥析♥学来控制人们
The first blow came with a bestseller,
第一次抨击来自一本畅销书
The Hidden Persuaders, written by Vance Packard.
万斯•佩卡德所写的《潜藏的劝说者》
It accused psychoanalysts of reducing the American people to emotional puppets
它指责精神分♥析♥学家将美国人♥民♥沦为情绪化的傀儡
whose only function was to keep mass production lines running.
他们的唯一功能就是维持大规模生产线的运转
They did this by manipulating people's unconscious desires,
他们通过操纵人们的潜意识欲望
to create longings for ever new brands and models.
创造出对新品牌和型号♥的渴望，从而达到目标
They had turned the population into unwitting participants in the system of planned obsolescence.
他们把人们不知不觉地变成了推陈出新的系统
The second blow came from an influential philosopher and social critic,
第二次抨击来自一位有影响力的哲学家和社会学批评家
Herbert Marcuse. He had been trained in psychoanalysis.
赫伯特•马尔库塞，他曾受过精神分♥析♥的训练
This is a childish application of psychoanalysis
这是一种幼稚的精神分♥析♥的应用
which does not take at all into consideration the very real
根本没有考虑到技术资源和生产过程中
political systematic waste of resources of technology and of the productive process.
对政♥治♥系统的实质性浪费
For example this planned obsolescence;
比如这个计划性淘汰系统
for example the production of innumerable brands and gadgets
例如，无数品牌和小玩意的生产
who are in the last analysis always the same;
归根结底总是一成不变的
the production of innumerable different models of automobiles;
无数不同型号♥的汽车被生产出来
and this prosperity at the same time,
这种繁荣的同时
consciously or unconsciously leads to a kind of schizophrenic existence.
有意无意地导致了一种精神分♥裂♥的存在
I believe that in this society an incredible quantity of aggressiveness and destructiveness is accumulated
我相信在这个社会中，一种难以置信的侵略性和破坏性
precisely because of the empty prosperity which then...
正是由于当时的空虚繁荣而积累起来的
simply erupts.
接着就爆发了
Marcuse's argument is not simply that psychoanalysis had been used for corrupt purposes,
马尔库塞的观点，不仅是精神分♥析♥被用于堕落的目的
it was more fundamental.
这是最基本的
Marcuse said that the very idea that you needed to control people was wrong.
马尔库塞说，人们需要被控制的这种想法就是错误的
Human beings did have inner emotional drives,
人类确实有内在的情感驱动力
but they were not inherently violent or evil.
但他们并非天生就是暴♥力♥或邪恶的
It was society that made these drives dangerous by repressing and distorting them.
是社会压制和扭曲了这些驱动力，使他们变得危险
Anna Freud and her followers had increased that repression by trying to make people conform to society.
安娜•弗洛伊德和她的追随者试图
In so doing, they made people more dangerous, not less.
这样做使得人们更加危险，而不是相反
Marcuse challenged that social world
马尔库塞挑战了社会规则
and he said that's a world that should not be adapted to.
他说这个世界是不该被适应的
Dr. Neil·Smelser
内尔·斯迈尔斯 政♥治♥史学家，精神分♥析♥师
And in fact what the individual was adapting to was corrupt and evil and corrupting.
事实上，个体所适应的是邪恶与堕落
he switched the source of evil
他把罪恶的根源
from inward conflict to the society itself.
从内在冲突转向了社会本身
That the sickness in society lies at the society level,
社会的弊病在于社会层面
not at the sickness of human beings in it.
而非其中人类自身的问题
And if people did not challenge that,
如果人们不对此提出质疑
then they were in fact submitting to evil.
那么他们实际上是向邪恶屈服
Modern psychology has a word
当代心理学有一个词
that is probably used more than any other word in psychology,
可能比其他任何词都用的多
it is the word maladjusted.
那就是“失调”
It is the ringing cry of modern child psychology, maladjusted.
这是当代儿童心理学中一鸣惊人的说法，失调
Now of course we all want to live the well-adjusted life
当然，我们现在都想过上适应良好的生活
in order to avoid neurotic and schizophrenic personalities.
以避免神经质和精神分♥裂♥的产生
But as I move toward my conclusion I would like to say to you today,
但在我即将结尾的时候，我要对你们说
in a very honest manner,
非常诚肯地说
that there are some things in our society and some things in our world
在我们的社会中，在这个世界上
to which I am proud to be maladjusted
我会为一些失调而感到骄傲
and I call upon all men of good will to be maladjusted to these things
我也呼吁所有善良的人们都去为此而“失调”
until the good society is realized.
直到美好社会的实现
I must honestly say to you that I never intend to adjust myself
我必须诚实地告诉你，我从未打算调整自己
to racial segregation and discrimination.
去适应种族隔离和歧视