人类：我们所有人的故事（2012）

Mankind: the Story of All of Us S01E02

Part 2 March 12, 2021, 2:34 p.m.

以及全人类的历史
And the story of all of us.
铁器时代让人♥民♥有了力量
The age of iron gives power to the people.
小城邦雅典面临艰难抉择:
The small city-state of Athens faces a choice:
是向波斯帝国投降认输还是为自♥由♥而战
Submit to the Persian empire or fight for freedom.
波斯的使者国王薛西斯一世
An envoy of the Persian emperor Xerxes
给了雅典人一个机会
Offers the people of Athens a chance
以其自♥由♥为代价
To surrender and avoid bloodshed.
换取投降避免流血事件
The cost, their freedom.
雅典的男性公民聚集在普尼克斯山上
Male citizens of Athens gather on a rocky hill called the Pnyx.
他们中有一位名叫梭帕涅斯
Among them: Sophanes.
他英勇无畏直言不讳
Brave, outspoken,
从一位普通公民变成了一位军事传奇
An ordinary citizen who will become a military legend.
雅典公民以铁制武器武装自己
Citizens of Athens are armed with iron weapons.
他们的职责是保护民众保卫城邦
They have a duty to defend themselves and their city.
自♥由♥表达自我的能力
The ability to express yourself freely
与自♥由♥捍卫自我的能力
is so uniquely tied
是如此契合相依紧密相连
to the ability to defend yourself freely.
雅典人赞许且珍视自♥由♥
The Athenians appreciate and value freedom.
他们能自♥由♥表达自我
Their ability to be self-expressed,
使其得以在政♥府♥中有话语权
their ability to have a say in their government.
他们愿意为之奋战
And they're willing to fight for that.
雅典的政♥治♥决策并不是由君王所做出的
Political decisions in Athens are made not by kings,
而是由像梭帕涅斯这样的武装公民做出的
But by its armed citizens, men like Sophanes.
这是一种新的政♥治♥制度
A new political system,
一项影响我们当代文明的遗产:
A legacy still shaping civilization today:
民♥主♥制度
Democracy.
并不是所有人都有选举权
It's not everyone,
只有拥有土地的男性公民才有选举权
it's primarily male land-holders who can vote.
当时女性没有选举权
Women were not part of the process, at this point.
然而面对男权和暴君的局面
Nonetheless, it's a dramatic shift
这是一个巨大的转变
from having strong men and tyrants.
你有自决的能力
You have the ability for self-determination.
黑石头代表投降
A black stone: surrender.
白石头代表
A white stone:
抗争
Fight.
投支持票你将为了抗争
Vote 'yes' and you've committed yourself
置生命于不顾
to risking your life to fight.
投反对票你就安全了
Vote 'no' and you'll be safe
但会被外来人统治
but you'll be ruled by a stranger.
这是个艰难的决定但关键是
Tough decision, but the point is,
决定是由普通公民做出的
it's being made by ordinary people,
这就是希腊为人类历史
and that's what's astonishing
所作出的惊人贡献
about what the Greeks introduced to the history of humanity.
一位雅典人记录了人♥民♥的意愿:
An athenian records the will of the people:
"这就是我们对自♥由♥的热爱我们永不投降"
"Such is our love of liberty, we will never surrender."
公元前479年八月
August, 479 bc,
希腊海岸附近
Near the coast of Greece.
两个死对头放下了分歧
Bitter rivals lay aside their differences
为了捍卫自己的国土共同对抗强大的帝国
To defend their lands against a mighty empire.
波斯人拥有来自全世界
The Persians: 100,000 conscripted soldiers
十万名应征入伍的士兵
From across the ancient world.
而另一边是希腊的爱国勇士们
On the other side, greek patriots.
保萨尼亚斯领导的武装力量
Pausanias leads a force of men
一生都致力于战争的艺术
Whose entire lives are dedicated to the art of war.
像梭帕涅斯这样的雅典公民士兵
With the Spartans, citizen-warriors from Athens.
与斯巴达人一同作战
Men like Sophanes.
他们将所知的一切
They were putting everything they knew
都运用在战线上
on the line.
我认为在明知自己寡不敌众的情况下
I think there is such great gallantry
依旧选择去抗争去作战
in the idea of going to battle, going to war,
坚信正义站在自己这一边
knowing you are severely outnumbered,
这真是英勇非凡
but believing you have right on your side.
波斯的统帅马多尼乌斯
The Persian commander, Mardonius,
相信人数上的优势
Believes superior numbers will be the key
是波斯轻松制胜的关键
To an easy Persian victory.
希腊人已经阻挡了波斯人的进攻
The Greeks have halted the Persian advance
一周多了
For more than a week.
方阵排列!
Phalanx!
希腊人列队直面敌军
The Greeks line up to face the enemy head-on.
他们筋疲力尽寡不敌众暴露无遗
They're exhausted, outnumbered, exposed.
但现在有了一种新的武器...
But now a new weapon...
一种新的作战方式...
...A new way of fighting...
决定了西方世界的未来
...that decides the future of the western world.
西方文明的未来
The future of western civilization
由希腊所决定
Is being decided in Greece.
希腊联军已抵抗了波斯十万大军的进攻
Greek allies have held off a Persian army of 100,000
一个多星期了
For more than a week.
他们以一敌三筋疲力尽
They're exhausted, outnumbered 3 to 1.
斯巴达将领保萨尼亚斯和雅典民兵梭帕涅斯
Spartan leader Pausanias and Athenian militiaman Sophanes
准备背水一战
Prepare to make a last stand.
希腊人开创了一种新的武器
The Greeks unleash a new weapon,
一项彻底改变战争的策略
A tactic that will transform warfare.
那就是方阵
The phalanx.
方阵需要
What the phalanx required
战士间紧密合作
was soldiers working closely together
以保护对方
both to protect each other
形成足以向前推进
and give that unified, tightly-packed force,
统一紧密的力量
enough power to push forward.
通过把盾牌拼接在一起
By blocking those shields together
在矛刚好要刺入敌人身体时
and then separating just enough
再把盾牌分开
to drive the spear into your enemy,
这样就可以向前进军
you could take one more step,
通过协调配合
and you could start to dominate the battlefield
你开始主宰战场
by working together as a coordinated team.
方阵一辆人肉坦克
The phalanx - a human tank.
希腊人粉碎了波斯人的进攻
The Greeks smash the Persian advance.
敌军溃散
Soldiers scatter.
在战争白热化阶段至关重要的是
In the heat of battle, the thing that matters
你当时的所作所为
is what you're going to do in that moment.
存活下来进行杀戮照顾同伴
Survive, kill, and take care of your buddies.
波斯统帅试图重整旗鼓
The Persian commander attempts to rally his troops.
但他付出了代价
But pays the price.
一位希腊历史学家写道:
A Greek historian writes:
"和平年代黑发人送白发人"
"In peacetime, sons bury their fathers.
"战争年代白发人送黑发人"
"In times of war, fathers bury sons.
"伟大事业常伴随着巨大风险"
"Great deeds are wrought from great risk."
保萨尼亚斯作为取得战争胜利的统帅
Pausanias will be remembered as the spartan commander
被人们所铭记
Who won the war.
梭帕涅斯被铭记为最英勇的雅典战士
Sophanes, as the bravest of all Athenians.
有了铁制武器的一臂之力
With the help of iron weapons,
人♥民♥力量反抗了暴♥政♥
People power has resisted tyranny.
战后的一代雅典人
A generation after the war,
通过投票建立了纪念胜利的纪念碑:
Athenians vote to commemorate the victory with a monument:
帕特农神庙
The parthenon.
神庙的修建花费了15年
It takes 15 years to build.
它是为智慧女神雅典娜所建
A temple to Athena, goddess of wisdom,
将成为民♥主♥的象征
It will become a symbol of democracy.
民♥主♥是人类历史上
It's the fairest way to organize a society
可以构想和实现的
that anyone in human history
最公平的组织社会的方式
has ever conceived and realized.
我们将其间接归功于
And we owe all of that indirectly
2500年前一个小群体
to a small group, a handful of men,
一小部分人居住的地方:
who lived in a place called Athens
希腊雅典
two and a half thousand years ago.
在西方铁器帮助各城邦夺回了自♥由♥
In the west, iron helps city-states fight for freedom.
五千里以外的东方铁器铸就了
Five thousand miles to the east, it's one of the building blocks
世界上最古老的国家: 中国
Of the world's most enduring empire: china.
世界上最有权力的人踏上了
The world's most powerful man is on a journey
寻找永生的旅程
To find the secret of eternal life.
秦始皇中国的第一位皇帝
Shi huang di, the first emperor of China.