人类：我们所有人的故事（2012）

Mankind: the Story of All of Us S01E11

Part 3 March 12, 2021, 2:37 p.m.

Extracting a white sap from trees.
把它叫做树之泪
They call it cahuchu.
也就是橡胶
Rubber.
橡胶是最不受重视的
Rubber is one of the most under-appreciated
大自然奇迹之一
miracles of nature.
它与煤炭钢铁和青铜齐名
It's up there with coal and steel and bronze.
正是这种神秘的汁液
It's become this kind of secret juice
我们才能超越极限
that's allowed us to expand beyond our limits.
在原始状态下橡胶的用处并不大
In its raw state, rubber isn't very useful.
它遇热融化
It melts when hot,
遇冷崩裂
Cracks when cold.
古德伊尔尝试改变它的化学结构
Goodyear tries to change its chemical structure
使它更富有弹性更便于使用
To make it more resilient and more useful.
古德伊尔是一个有趣的
Goodyear is one of those interesting eccentrics
美国怪人
in America
他的心中完全只有一个念头
that's absolutely dogged by a single idea.
五年来没有半点研究成果
For five years, nothing.
他因负债而身陷囹圄
His debts consign him to jail.
一家人靠救济金生活
His family relies on handouts.
但古德伊尔认为他如有神助
But goodyear believes he's divinely inspired.
"对人类来说没有什么能像橡胶一样
"There's no object so desirable, so important,
必不可少举足轻重
and so necessary to the human race,
而被人运用到生活的各个角落中"
as making rubber available for man's use."
之后研究有了突破他加了硫
Then, a breakthrough. He adds sulfur.
一种如皮革般结实
The result: a material tough like leather
而又富有弹性的材料诞生了
but flexible.
他以罗马火神之名
He calls the process vulcanization,
把这个过程称为硫化
After the Roman God of Fire.
他曾几度倾家荡产
He lost his fortune several times,
也曾多次破产
went bankrupt a number of times,
但他从未放弃过那个念头
but never gave up on the idea
他深信这个东西可以改变整个世界
this is something that will change the world.
他所想的千真万确
And he was absolutely right.
几乎工业革命中的所有机器
Almost every machine in the industrial revolution
都靠胶垫和橡胶塞
relies on rubber fittings and seals
来承受蒸汽的压力
to withstand the pressure of the steam.
福特T型车内数以百计的零部件都是橡胶做的
Hundreds of parts in a model t ford are made from rubber,
这使人类走得比以往
Freeing mankind to travel further and faster
更远更快
Than ever before.
对橡胶的需求急剧增加
Demand for rubber skyrockets.
非洲一个离古德伊尔住处六千英里远的地方
Six thousand miles from Goodyear's tenement: Africa,
是世界上自然资源最大的源头之一
One of the world's great sources of natural resources.
占地九十万平方英里的刚果
The Congo, 900,000 square miles,
种有二十多亿棵橡胶树
Over two billion rubber plants.
处于残酷的殖民统治之下
Under brutal colonial rule...
是黑暗的中心地带
...the heart of darkness.
但有一个人将作出反抗
But one man will make a stand
并改变非洲的命运他就是安萨拉
And change Africa's fate: Nsala.
他是一名割胶工
Rubber tapper,
也是个丈夫是家里的顶梁柱
husband, family man.
爱丽丝·哈里斯
Alice Harris.
是一名激进主义分子一位改革家
Activist, reformer,
也是英国浸礼会的一位传教士
A Baptist Missionary from Britain.
安萨拉不认识她但他已经走投无路了
Nsala doesn't know her, but has nowhere else to turn.
他想让所有人知道他带了些什么...
He wants the world to know what he's carrying...
怎么了? 发生什么事了?
What? What happened?
...他带着他女儿的残肢
...the severed hand and foot of his daughter.
前一天他的村子受袭击
The previous day, his village was attacked,
他的妻女都被杀害
His wife and daughter slaughtered.
我会帮你的我来帮你吧
I'm going to help you, okay. Let me help you.
十九年来比利时国王利奥波德统治着刚果
For 19 years, Belgium's king Leopold has run the Congo
将其视为自己的私人地♥产♥
As his own private estate.
数百万人被迫去割橡胶
Millions forced to tap rubber.
他将一切收益尽收囊中
The profits line his pockets.
因为在那里他的地位至高无上
Since there was nobody looking over his shoulder,
他不单操纵大权
he exploited it
同时还剥削那里的人
and exploited the people as well.
不幸的是几乎什么事都可能发生
Almost anything could happen
它们也都发生了
and anything did, unfortunately.
工人没有完成任务就会遭到一顿毒打
When workers don't make their quota: the chicotte,
鞭子是由河马皮制成的
A whip made from hippopotamus hide.
一千万刚果人死于利奥波德统治的十五年
10 million Congolese die in 15 years of Leopold's rule,
这是一场非洲的种族屠♥杀♥
An African genocide.
把那只手挪近一点
Just move that one hand a little closer.
爱丽丝·哈里斯将揭露利奥波德的暴♥政♥
Alice Harris will expose the brutality of Leopold's regime
改变世界的看法
And shift world opinion.
一张照片即将改变人类的历史
A photograph that will change mankind.
巴林噶位于刚果的东北部
Baringa province, North Eastern Congo.
是比利时国王利奥波德的管辖区
A land controlled by Belgium's King Leopold.
英国传教士爱丽丝·哈里斯
British missionary Alice Harris
将利用大众传媒的力量
will harness the power of mass communication
揭露一个可怕的真♥相♥
to reveal a terrible truth.
一连串的恐惧
A catalog of horror.
"我们的父母和兄弟姐♥妹♥们♥
"Our mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers,
都因为橡胶而被殴打被杀害
Beaten and murdered for rubber.
无论我们工作多么努力结果都一样
No matter how hard we work, we suffer.
我们每一天都备受煎熬"
Every day we suffer."
古往今来这样的故事重复不断地上演
It's a story repeated through the ages.
殖民势力欺压当地居民
Colonial forces attack native populations
掠夺世界财富
and plunder the planet's riches.
神不知鬼不觉他们犯下累累暴行
Atrocities committed far from prying eyes.
哈里斯想要改变那样的状况
Harris wants to change that.
她要告诉全世界在刚果上演的一切
She'll tell the world what is happening in the Congo,
每天都有小孩遭迫♥害♥致残
That children are routinely maimed
他们以此来恐吓村民
As a warning to villagers.
她的武器是一台照相机
Her weapon: the camera.
那是人类首次捕捉到我们这个世界的影像
For the first time, mankind can capture images of our world,
将它们重现并与世界分享
Reproduce and share them.
第一台照相机重110磅(约50千克)
The first cameras weighed 110 pounds.
到了1900年相机变得小巧便携
By 1900, they're smaller, portable,
有两百万业余爱好者有相机
and in the hands of two million amateurs.
摄影的发明
The invention of photography
以及把照片呈现在众人眼前
and the means to get them in front of people,
它们所带来的影响远超乎创造者的想象
held more power than its inventors ever dreamed.
照片不会说谎也不会消失
Photos don't blink and they don't go away.
一旦你看过那些画面你将难以忘却
Once you've seen that image, you can't rewind.
哈里斯在刚果拍下了数百张照片
Harris takes hundreds of photos in the Congo.
这些照片刊登于世界各大报纸
They're published in newspapers across the world,
令大批读者大为震惊
shocking millions of readers
马克·吐温就是其中之一
including Mark Twain.
"要是我们能让美国人
"If only we could bring home that picture
清晰而深刻地了解这照片
to the minds of the American people,
他们就会激愤而起
how they would rise to destroy
摧毁这落后残酷的暴虐行径"
that aged, brutal trafficking in human flesh!"
马克·吐温加入了刚果改革协会
Twain joins the Congo Reform Association
来反对这些暴行
to campaign against the atrocities.
他编辑宣传册并插入哈里斯的照片
He writes pamphlets illustrated with Harris' photographs.
看看她拍摄的那些记录
Just one look at what had happened
刚果人♥民♥生活的照片
to these people in the Congo
仅需一眼
from these photographs she took
便会让人觉得毛骨悚然
was able to communicate so broadly
发人深省
and so horrifically,
这照片改变了人们的世界观
that it transformed world opinion
同时也改变了社会
and it changed society.
这场宣传战迫使利奥波德国王离开刚果
The campaign forces King Leopold to quit the Congo
也终止了橡胶贸易
and the rubber trade.
大众传媒作为现代社会的一种新生力量
Mass media, a new power in a modern world,
成为了点亮世界黑暗角落的启明灯
key to illuminating the planet's darkest corners.
"一图胜千言"这个表达
The expression "A picture's worth a thousand words",
低估了照片的力量
that's a low-ball estimate.
一张好的照片