人类：我们所有人的故事（2012）

Mankind: the Story of All of Us S01E04

Part 3 March 12, 2021, 2:35 p.m.

一个传说中让首领和战士长眠的地方
The legendary resting place of chiefs and warriors.
他不会孤独的离去
He will not go alone.
首领的儿子问他父亲的女奴隶们
"The chief's son asked his father's slave girls,
"谁愿意陪葬?"
'Who will die with him?'
有一个人走向前
"One stepped forward.
一旦她做了决定就没有回转的余地
"Once she had done this, there was no backing down."
已故首领最喜欢的一个奴隶女孩儿
The dead chief's favorite slave-girl
选择和她的主人同行
Chooses to join her master,
她相信在瓦尔哈拉殿堂她会成为她的妻子
Believing that in Valhalla she will become his wife.
但是首先她必须得死
But first, she must die.
在俄♥罗♥斯♥伏尔加河河畔有一个将要统治
On the banks of Russia's Nolga River, a pagan people,
大部分信仰基♥督♥教的欧洲的异教族
Who'll dominate much of Christian Europe.
维京人正为他们的首领准备着来世的仪式
Vikings prepare their chief for the afterlife.
他的一个女奴隶自愿
One of his slave girls has volunteered
和他一起火葬
To be cremated with him,
瓦尔哈拉殿堂是北欧神话中接待英灵的殿堂
这样才能和她的主人一同进入瓦尔哈拉殿堂
So she can enter valhalla with her master.
伊本·法兰德阿♥拉♥伯的年代史编者
Lbn Fadlan, an Arab chronicler,
记录下了现留存最早的维京人葬礼
Writes the first surviving account of a Viking funeral.
他们将死者抬起放在小船上
"They took the dead man and carried him onto the ship,
船上铺着被子
"Where they laid him on a quilt."
一个女人念悼词
"A woman issued instructions.
他们称之为死神天使
"They called her the Angel of Death.
奴隶女孩被赐予毒酒
"The slave girl was given an intoxicating drink.
死神天使在她的脖子上套上绳索
"The Angel of Death placed a rope around her neck.
然后她拿着有宽刃的匕♥首♥
"Then she took a broad-bladed dagger
反复刺进女孩的肋骨
"And thrust it in and out between the girl's ribs,
与此同时还有两个人拉紧绳子直至她死亡
"While two men throttled her until she died."
维京人的首领走上了他最后的旅程
The Viking chief takes his final journey
陪伴他的是他最珍惜的财产
On his prized possession:
他的长船
His longship.
我们倾向于把他们看做野蛮人
We tend to think of these guys as barbarians,
但是北欧的海盗是杰出的冒险家
but Vikings were extraordinary explorers.
在中世纪初期
The Vikings were on the cutting edge of human exploration
他们就走在人类开拓史的最前沿
at the beginning of the mediaeval world.
维京人冒险的秘诀就是他们的长船
The key to Viking exploration: their longships.
栎树木板交叠搭建
Built with overlapping oak planks,
用铆钉深嵌龙骨
Riveted along the keel,
这些船结实而且速度快
They are strong but quick.
由帆和桨提供动力一些速度可以达到20节
Powered by sail and oars, some can reach 20 knots,
这速度对于现代赛艇都是相当可观的
A good speed for a modern racing yacht.
维京人的长船在某种程度上可以说是一种
The Viking longship was an incredible piece
了不起的军事技术
of military technology.
它不仅可以穿越广袤的海洋
It could cross vast open ocean,
也可以在狭窄的河道航行
but then navigate a tiny inlet or river.
而当维京人们要发起攻击长船可以快速
And when the Vikings came to attack, the longship was fast,
隐蔽的无声无息的靠近
it was stealthy, they could sneak up unseen, unheard,
使他们的近攻产生无法想象的致命伤害
and make their attack with incredibly devastating force.
维京人集结重兵发动突袭
The Vikings launch raids along the coasts
足迹遍布英国爱尔兰法国和西班牙沿岸
Of Britain, Ireland, France and Spain.
三千维京人在冰岛驻扎了六十年
30,000 Vikings settle in iceland in 60 years.
他们在格陵兰岛建立殖民地
And they set up colonies in greenland.
维京人文明面临的最大危机就是
The big crisis in the Viking civilization
缺少耕地
was farmland.
所以维京人需要出征去寻找新的耕地
So the Vikings would set off to find new farmland,
而格陵兰岛就是那些庞大不动产之一
and Greenland was one of the big real estate promotions,
他们称其为绿色大地就是为了让人们搬去那里
they called it green land to get people to move there.
但其实它并不是绿色的
It's not actually green, you know!
从格林兰岛出发他们一路前进去到北美
From greenland, they'll push on to North America,
是第一批欧洲人比哥伦布还要早五百年
The first Europeans, 500 years before Columbus.
公元一千年维京人定居在
By 1000 A.D., Vikings settle
他们曾经攻击的大多数地区里
Among many of the communities they once attacked.
前苏联的诺夫哥罗德乌克兰的基辅
Novgorod in russia, kiev in the ukraine,
法国的鲁昂英格兰的约克爱尔兰的都柏林
Rouen in france, york in england, dublin in ireland,
都在维京人到来之后转型为城市
All transformed into cities by the Vikings.
他们变成了基♥督♥徒
They convert to Christianity,
在异教的祠堂上重建宏伟的教堂
Replacing pagan shrines with great churches,
他们重塑自我自封欧洲骑士
Reinventing themselves as European knights.
在俄♥国♥ 他们建立了诸侯王朝
In Russia, they form a dynasty of princes.
在法国人们称他们北欧人
In France, they're known as 'Norsemen'
并且统治了诺曼底
and rule Normandy.
他们中最出名的是征服者威廉
The most famous of them, William the Conqueror,
他入侵英国然后成为英格兰的王
Invades Britain and becomes king of England.
作为统治欧洲基♥督♥徒的维京人们
As rulers of Christian Europe,
将会来到历史舞台的前线
The Vikings will be on the frontline
在文化冲突中他们就是十字军
In a clash of civilizations, the Crusades.
维京人带领欧洲度过黑暗时代
As the Vikings help lift Europe from its Dark Age,
其他的冒险者则在太平洋的某个岛屿上
Other explorers create an entirely new civilization...
创建了全新的文化
...on an island in the Pacific Ocean.
人类永无休止
Mankind is ever restless.
创造的动力
The urge to create,
可谓是来源于荣耀
indeed the urge to glorify,
不管我们身在何方
no matter where we are in the world,
无论我们手中有什么样的资源
no matter what our resources are,
甚至不管我们掌握怎样的工具
no matter even what tools are available,
那种动力和渴望都是普遍存在的
that urge is universal.
这些与世隔绝的人们
Living in total isolation,
可以建造出世界上叹为观止的
These people will build some of the most iconic statues
雕像群
In the world.
在太平洋上的复活节岛
Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean.
波利尼西亚人用石器时代的工具雕刻石像
Polynesians carve statues from rock with stone age tools.
人类就是伟大的建造师
Mankind the builder.
这些石像建于那么多世纪之前
It's extraordinary because they were made
极富想象力
so many centuries ago,
真是不可思议
and yet they capture the imagination.
这让我们惊奇万分因为它们神秘莫测
They startle us because they're so mysterious.
即使我们有现代科技
With all our technology,
复活节岛的雕像还是令人敬畏
the statues of Easter Island still awe us.
一座先祖族长的纪念碑
A monument to an ancestral chief.
似乎是第一个带他们去那里的人
Like the man who first led them here:
他叫霍图·玛图阿
Hotu matu'a.
是这个文明的先驱者救世主和创立人
Pioneer, savior, founder of a civilization.
因为部落战争而背井离乡
Driven from his native land by tribal warfare,
他带了很少的臣民开始了这段史诗般的旅程
He's taken a few dozen of his people on an epic journey.
他带了很少的臣民开始了这段史诗般的旅程
He's taken a few dozen of his people on an epic journey.
霍图·玛图阿一定是一个不可思议的领导者
Hotu Matu'a must have been an incredible leader,
说服了他的族人追随他去未知的世界
to convince this group of people to follow him into the unknown.
他一定是个满怀希望和乐观态度的人
He must have had this great sense of hope and optimism,
很幸运这于他而言是有根据的
which fortunately for him turned out to be well founded.
没有地图和罗盘
Without charts or compasses,
他走了两千五百英里
He has traveled 2,500 miles,
来到了世界的尽头
To one of the remotest places on earth.
在茫茫的太平洋上有一个火山岛
A volcanic island, half the size of Detroit,
只有底特律的一半大小
In the vast emptiness of the Pacific Ocean.
我航行穿越过太平洋
I've sailed across the Pacific
我知道这片海洋有多大它壮美辽阔
and I know how big that ocean is, it's huge.
你乘着独木舟
You're down in a canoe,
视野只达四五英里最多不过六英里
you can only see four, five maybe six miles.
你看不到那么远因为你是在海平面上
You can't see that far, you're on the sea level.
如果你绕过珊瑚礁它就只有一棵树那么高
If you sail past an atoll, it's only a tree high.
如果你在十英里开外就会与它擦身而过
If you're ten miles away, you've missed it.
实际上在太平洋上找到复活岛
So actually putting a real needle in a haystack,
比在干草堆上找根针还难
you'll find that needle before you'll to find Easter Island.
穿越海洋的秘诀在于航海的天分
The key to crossing the ocean: an instinct for navigation.
波利尼西亚人十分惊人
The Polynesians were so amazing.
他们的航海技能
Their ability to navigate,
他们的天文知识
their understanding of the stars,
他们的天文导航能力是无与伦比的
celestial navigation was unparalleled.
他们用这方法几乎走遍了太平洋
And they used it to spread over almost the entire Pacific,
还有所有通向新西兰的航道
all the way to New Zealand.
复活节岛完全与世隔绝