人类：我们所有人的故事（2012）

Mankind: the Story of All of Us S01E09

Part 3 March 12, 2021, 2:37 p.m.

from having a rough, hand-drawn map
一下子换成了卫星照片
to having a satellite photograph,
就是那种绘制讲究 GPS式的图片
a beautiful, you know, GPS-inspired image.
新测量技术总有一天会帮助人类登上月球
New measurements that one day will help guide men to the moon.
我们总是在思考科学的进程
So often we think about the progress of science,
常回忆那些让人恍然大悟灵光闪现的时刻
and we think about that "Aha" Moment, that flash of insight.
我们没发现这么多科学成果都需要不懈的努力
We don't recognize so much of science is dogged hard work
而弗兰斯蒂德最终坚持下来了
and Flamsteed was the ultimate grinder.
现在科学为探索开启了新的篇章
Now, science opens a new age of exploration.
詹姆斯·库克船长
Captain James Cook.
人类历史上最伟大的探索家
Mankind's greatest explorer.
"我雄心满满
"I had ambition,
不仅要比之前的任何人都走得远
"Not only to go farther than anyone had been before,
而且要挑战人类极限越远越好"
"But as far as it was possible for man to go."
库克的航程依赖于弗兰斯蒂德的观测成果
Cook's journey depended on the observations of Flamsteed,
若没有那些观测库克永远不会有之后的成就
and he never could have done what he did without him.
直到现在世界上还有三分之一的未知领域
A third of the world unmapped until now.
在库克的三次旅程中
On three journeys,
他会到达地球上最远的角落
Cook will reach some of the most remote corners of the planet
发现一片新的大♥陆♥
And open up a new continent.
库克的航行向我们展示了世界的原貌
Cook's voyages really showed us what the world looked like.
地图上再也不会有让你发出
No longer were there vast areas on the map
"那是巨龙"这般感叹的辽阔土地了
where you might just say, "There be dragons."
在"奋进号♥"上的74名船员
On board the endeavour, a crew of 74,
他们生活的甲板还不足四英尺高(1.2米)
Living on decks less than four feet high.
有一半船员会死于疾病
An era when half of all sailors die from disease.
他们穿越未知海域
They cross an uncharted ocean
那正是覆盖地表面♥积♥三分之一的
That covers a third of the planet:
太平洋
The pacific.
在海上航行了二十个月之后
Now, after 20 months at sea,
库克和他的船员们登上了一片神秘的新大♥陆♥:
Cook and his crew step onto a mysterious, new continent:
澳大利亚
Australia.
澳大利亚的原住民
Australia's aboriginal people
五万年前就定居于此
Settled the continent 50,000 years ago.
是世界上现存最古老的文明
The oldest living culture in the world.
拥有两百五十种语言六百种方言
250 languages, 600 dialects.
他们比欧洲人早一万五千年发明锋利的斧头
They invent sharpened axes 15,000 years before Europeans.
"告诉他们我们没有恶意"
"Tell them we mean them no harm."
库克的波利尼西亚翻译托皮亚
Cook's Polynesian translator Tupia
试着进行第一次沟通
tries to negotiate the first encounter.
"我们和托皮亚都完全听不懂
"Neither us nor Tupia could understand
他们说的话
"One word they said.
他们又要来袭击我们了
"They again came to oppose us,
我朝那两人中间开了一枪"
"I fired a musket between the two."
库克会宣称他们的土地属于大英帝国
Cook will claim their land for the British Empire.
当库克发现澳大利亚原住民时
When Cook found the Australian aborigines,
对于他们的文化
he had no idea whatsoever
他一无所知
of what their culture was about.
这是世界上最纷繁复杂的
This is one of the most sophisticated,
文化传统之一
complex cultural traditions in the world.
这是最古老的文明之一但库克忽略了这一点
It's one of the most ancient. Cook missed all that.
他只是觉得这些人比较胆怯害羞
He just thought these were kind of a shy people,
低人一等
that he thought they were inferior.
他根本不知道自己将要面对的是什么
He had no idea what he was encountering.
但库克和他的船员发现
But what cook and his crew discover
这是个与众不同的生态系统
Is an ecosystem like no other.
这是地球上最大的岛屿
The biggest island on earth.
一个经历了独特演变的大洲
A continent with its own unique evolution.
岛上百分之八十五的哺乳动物
85% of its mammals
都是地球上绝无仅有的
found nowhere else on earth.
为了记录这些
To record it,
即将诞生未来世界上最顶尖的植物学家之一:
A man who will become one of the world's leading botanists:
约瑟夫·班克斯
Joseph Banks.
他年纪轻轻胸怀大志
Young, ambitious,
一生都在经历冒险
On the adventure of a lifetime.
他开拓的新植物科学
The new science of botany he pioneers
解开了自然的秘密
Unlocks secrets of the natural world
至今仍造福人类
That still aid mankind today.
在当时约瑟夫·班克斯就像科学界的摇滚巨星
Joseph Banks was like a rock star of science in his day,
名声显赫过着令人向往的光鲜生活
he was a huge celebrity and he lived this glamorous life,
扬帆越海编录当地土著民
sailing round the oceans, cataloguing native peoples,
有趣的物种和新兴发现
interesting species, discoveries.
在回到家乡英格兰后他开设讲座
And when he came home to England, he gave lectures
就和现在的摇滚演唱会一样受欢迎
that were as popular as a rock concert today.
在考察的途中
On the expedition,
班克斯采集了超过三万株植物
Banks collects over 30,000 plants:
其中百分之二十五如今已有科学记载
25 percent more plant species now known to science,
他一生中发现的植物种类胜过任何植物学家
More specimens in his lifetime than any other botanist.
他历经探险只为研究
He made these explorations for pure discovery,
而不是经济利益
not really for financial gain,
而且他极大地在欧洲普及了一个理念:
and he really helped popularize the idea in Europe
科学本身就是一种目的
that science was an end in itself,
它不必为了服务商业来提高其地位
it didn't always have to serve commerce to be important.
在澳大利亚逗留一周后
After one week in australia,
"奋进号♥"驶向英国
The Endeavour sets sail for Britain,
装载着独一无二的货物:
Carrying an irreplaceable cargo:
暂无科学记载的动植物
Animals and plants unknown to science.
开始了一段两万海里的旅程
Ahead, a 20,000-mile journey.
晚上十一点
11pm.
在起航的第五周
Five weeks into the voyage.
距海岸二十四海里时 "奋进号♥"触礁了
24 miles from the coast, the Endeavour hits a reef.
"船要沉了!"
"We're going down!"
班克斯记录了船上发生的恐慌
Banks records the terror on board:
"对死亡的恐惧笼罩着我们
"Fear of death now stared us in the face.
也许我们多数人都会被淹死
Probably the most of us must be drowned.
我已经做了最坏的打算"
I prepared myself for the worst."
在澳大利亚海岸附近
Off the coast of Australia,
人类最伟大的探险家拼尽全力
Mankind's greatest explorer fights
来挽救他受创的航船
To save his stricken ship.
如果库克无法让船重新浮上海面
If Cook can't refloat it,
暗礁就会把船体船撞裂
the reef will tear the hull apart.
没几个水手会游泳
Few sailors can swim.
"情形十分糟糕令人担忧
"This was an alarming and terrible circumstance.
整艘船随时会四分五裂"
It threatened the immediate destruction of the ship."
这太可怕了人们惊恐不已一片混乱
It's horrendous. There's a shock, there's chaos.
船无情地撞击着礁石
The ship is grinding on the rocks.
现在时间是关键
Time is of the essence,
如果他们不赶紧让船浮起来
if they don't get the ship floating soon,
就必死无疑
they're gonna die.
为了减轻船的负重让它浮起来
To lighten the ship and refloat her,
他们把很多东西都抛下了船: 个人物品
They throw overboard personal possessions...
大炮木桶压舱物
cannons, casks, ballast,
甚至可饮用的淡水也被抛下
Even fresh drinking water.
只留下了最宝贵的科学样本
Only the precious scientific samples are saved.
没有人会来营救你
There's no rescue coming,
你只能依靠自己孤立无援
you're completely alone, completely isolated.
这对我们来说就像是我们在火星上
For us it'd be like if we were on Mars
而我们的宇宙飞船要散架了
and our spaceship is breaking apart,
生存的几率微乎其微
our chances of survival are terrible,
这是很可怕的
it's a terrifying event.
二十三小时后...
23 hours later...
船长快来!
Captain, come quick!
轮船借助涨潮浮起来了
A rising tide helps the ship lift free.
"我们成功了脱险了伙计们"
"We've done it. We're free, men."
他们航船之下的
Below them,
是一个长达一千四百海里的大迷宫:
a 1,400-mile long maze:
大堡礁
The Great Barrier Reef.
它是自然界最美妙的奇迹之一
One of the wonders of the natural world.
地球上最大的活体结构群
The largest living structure on earth.
唯一能从太空看到的生物体
The only organism visible from space.
历经了三次史诗般的航行