了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）
How the Universe Works S03E07
Part 1
Dec. 22, 2021, 6:46 p.m.
银河系
The Milky Way,
超过二千亿恒星的帝国
an empire of over 200 billion stars.
地球是我们的家园 太阳是我们的恒星
The earth is our home. The sun is our star.
银河系是我们的星系
And the Milky Way is our galaxy.
这里有人类 这是我们的家
It's us. It's our home.
但这一切来自哪里
But where did it all come from?
星系为什么要形成
Why do galaxies form at all?
有些事情已经发生 有些事情正在形成
Something has to happen. Something has to mix things up.
是什么触发了银河系的诞生
So what sparked our galaxy into life?
新的研究表明 这是一个不受欢迎的英雄
New research suggests an unlikely hero.
银河系中心是个巨大的黑洞
At the center of our galaxy is a massive Black Hole.
真的是非常巨大
And by massive, I mean really massive.
尽管这东西非常恐怖
Even thouth this thing is terrifying,
银河系却离不开它
Our galaxy depends on it.
这个怪物
Could this monster,
宇宙伟大的毁灭者
the great destroyer of the universe,
实际上却是伟大的创造者
actually be a great creator?
是黑洞制♥造♥了银河系？
Could a Black Hole have built our home, the Milky Way?
黑洞可能
The Black Hole may be responsible
创造了银河系
for the beginning of our galaxy,
它最终也一定会毁灭银河系
and it'll definitely ultimately be responsible for its death.
了解宇宙如何运行
第三季
黑洞创造银河系？
放眼宇宙
Look around the universe,
你会看到各种星系
and you'll see galaxies of every kind,
多种多样 而非单一形状和大小
a kaleidoscopic array of unique shapes and sizes.
这些巨大的星系结构充满了宇宙
These grand galactic structures fill the cosmos.
宇宙的基本构件是星系
The basic building block of the universe is the galaxy,
宇宙中有数千亿个
and there are hundreds of billions of galaxies
星系
in the universe.
就像细胞组成了我们身体
The same way that cells make up your body
砖头组成了大楼
or bricks make up a building,
星系组成了宇宙
galaxies make up the universe.
我们有颗幸运星 应归功于星系
We should thank our lucky stars for galaxies.
宇宙中恒星和行星只能
Galaxies are the only place in the universe
在星系里形成
where stars and planets form.
星系之间没有恒星
We don't see stars out between the galaxies.
只有在星系里
This is the only place
氢元素才聚集在一起
where the hydrogen is brought together,
加热 并创造生命
heated up, and a generation of life can begin.
宇宙中有数千亿个星系
There are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe,
但只有一个诞生了人类
but only one gave birth to us.
我有时会让我的学生们 说出自己住在哪里
I sometimes ask my students to identify where they live.
结果是多样的 纽约
Well, you would say, for example, "New York city,"
美国 地球
"the US of A," "planet earth,"
太阳系第三行星
"third planet from the sun."
还有人说 银河系
And then, you would say "the Milky Way galaxy."
银河系是我们的家
The Milky Way galaxy is our home.
因为我们就生活在银河系
Because we see it from within,
我们看到的是横跨夜空的恒星带
all we see is a brand of stars stretched across the sky.
但是从银河系外看
But viewed from outside,
我们看到壮观巨大的螺旋星系
we'd see a spectacular giant spiral galaxy
由二千多亿颗恒星组成
made up of over 200 billion stars.
太阳只不过是 它巨大旋臂里的一个小点
Our sun is just a dot within one of its enormous arms.
银河系是巨大的
Our Milky Way galaxy is huge.
实际上银河系是宇宙中 最大的星系之一
It's actually one of the biggest galaxies in the universe, as a matter of fact.
它肯定排在头百分之十
I'd probably put it in the top 10% certainly.
庞大 壮观
Massive, magnificent.
银河系长久以来 在它的中心隐藏着一个秘密
Our galaxy has long hidden its secrets at its heart.
最大的谜团是 它是怎样形成的
The greatest question how did it form?
答案是骇人的 不只是对于银河系的起源
At stake is not just the answer to the origins of our galaxy,
还有太阳系的起源
but the origins of our solar system,
太阳的起源 最后是我们人类
our star, the sun, and ultimately, us.
银河系的过去和它全部的故事
The Milky Way's past and the whole story
令我们自问 我们现在身处何方？ 我们是谁？
leads us to where we are now and who we are now.
是什么创造了银河系
So what created the Milky Way,
银河系是怎样成长为
and how did it grow
我们今日所见如此壮观的星系
into the majestic galaxy we see today?
要寻找答案
To answer that,
我们必须回到宇宙之初
we have to travel back to the infant universe,
就在大爆♥炸♥之后
to just after the Big Bang.
一百三十六亿年前
13.6 billion years ago,
没有恒星 没有行星
there are no stars, no planets,
没有星系
and no galaxies.
我们是如何从早期宇宙
How do we go from that early universe
非常非常的平淡无奇
that's almost perfectly perfectly featureless
形成为到我们今日所见
to this complex and very interesting universe
气象万千的宇宙
that we see around us today?
早期宇宙是一锅稠密的 成分单一的气体汤
The early universe is a thick, uniform soup of gas
并有一点点的不均匀
with some tiny irregularities.
足以令引力运作 把气体聚在一起
But it's enough to set gravity to work, pulling gas together.
引力不断地压缩气体到一点
Gravity keeps on compressing the gas down to a point.
这时温度急剧飙升
And that's when temperatures rise dramatically
五千万到一亿度
to 50-to 100-million degrees.
在那一刻 开始点火
At that point, you get ignition.
在那一刻 氢聚变为氦 我们收获一个恒星
At that point, hydrogen fuses into helium, and we get a star.
恒星诞生
A star is born.
按照这理论
In this theory,
不是一个 而是几百万恒星诞生
not one, but millions of stars burst into life.
慢慢的 引力使恒星聚在一起
Slowly, gravity brings them together.
几百万年后
After a few million years,
它们形成了旋转的恒星团
they form a rotating sphere of stars,
星系诞生了
and a galaxy is born.
然而 问题是
There's a problem, though.
需要极大引力
There's too much gravity.
一定有恒星之外别的东西
Something other than just the stars
在牵引着恒星
must be holding them together.
是什么呢？
But what is it?
结果是 答案在银河系的中心
Turns out, the answer lies at the center of our own galaxy.
就在银河系的中心
At the very heart of the Milky Way,
恒星在绕着一个无形之物运转
you see stars orbiting something that isn't there.
如果你去计算
And if you do the calculations,
在星系中心需要多少物质
the amount of mass needed at the very center
大约是太阳质量的四百万倍
is about four million times the mass of our sun.
所以恒星像行星一样绕着
So stars are basically orbiting like planets
这个隐形物运转
around this empty object
其质量是太阳的四百万倍
with four million times the mass of the sun.
这物体一定是异常巨大
This object must be colossal.
其密度之大一定是不可思议
It must be unimaginably dense.
这只能是一样东西
It could only be one thing
黑洞
a Black Hole,
一个超大质量黑洞
a supermassive Black Hole.
如果月亮绕着地球转
If the moon goes around the earth,
地球绕着太阳转
and the earth goes around the sun,
那么太阳绕着什么转？
then what does the sun go around?
太阳绕着银河系中心的
The sun goes around a massive Black Hole
巨大黑洞转
at the center of the galaxy.
在银河系
Within the Milky Way,
科学家们发现了他们的 首颗超大质量黑洞
scientists find their first supermassive Black Hole.
但它不是最后的黑洞
But it wasn't the last.
其实 黑洞无处不在
Turns out, they're everywhere.
我们知道大尺度的星系
We know that most big galaxies
在星系中心都有一个超大质量黑洞
have a supermassive Black Hole right in their center.
这告诉我们 有两样事情相关联
That's telling us that these two things are related.
它们是一对
They come as a pair.
黑洞 和星系
Somehow, the Black Holes and the galaxies
它们的起源和演化紧密相连
and their origin and evolution are tied together.
令人惊奇的是 银河系
Amazingly, the Milky Way,
这星光闪耀的恒星的乐园
this sparkling expanse of stars,
实际上是和宇宙中
is all intrinsically linked
最黑暗的
了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）
How the Universe Works
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