了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S03E03

Part 6 Dec. 22, 2021, 6:44 p.m.

它塑造了我们的过去影响着我们的现在
it shaped our past and influences our present
但是它的未来或许岌岌可危
but the planet's future hangs in the balance
木星最终的命运或许得依赖太阳的命运
the ultimate fate of jupiter may rest on the fate of the sun
40到50亿年后
and in 4 to 5 billion years
太阳会膨胀为红巨星
the sun will expand to become a red giant
或许还会在这个过程中吞没掉地球
perhaps eating up the earth in the process
我们推测太阳的外♥围♥
we think that the sun's outer layers are gonna
或许会膨胀到火星的轨道
expand possibly even to the orbit of mars
地球应该会被膨大的太阳完全吞没
the earth is possibly going to be engulfed
当然到那个时候
and completely devoured by the expanding sun
真的发生这种事地球也就玩完了
and when that happens of course it's game over for earth
50亿年后
five billion years from now
岩石内行星都会被燃烧殆尽
the inner rocky planets will burn up
接下来会轮到木星吗？
will jupiter be next
如果你站在木星的卫星上
from the perspective of somebody orbiting around jupiter
就会看到太阳变成炽烈的大火球
the sun is going to turn into this angry, fiery thing and yet
但是木星应该还是相当安全的
jupiter itself is probably going to be relatively safe
它或许会失去大部分的大气层
it may lose some of its atmosphere
但是木星是一个巨大的行星
but jupiter's a big planet
不会被烧尽
it has plenty to spare
很显然地球所在的区域会变得无法居住
clearly, the region of the earth will become uninhabitable
但还有一件事也很明显
but what's also equally clear is
现在的冰冻地带
the regions we now think of as remote
会变得更适合生物存活
far away, frozen, become much more attractive
木星会变得更温暖
it'll be warmer
它的卫星也许也会变暖
so its moons might actually warm up
其中有些是冰质卫星
and it has icy moons
目前这些卫星是冰冻的水
right now, they're frozen water, but with the warm sun
但是太阳变热的千百万年后
for millions or tens of millions of years
这些水融化
they may actually liquefy
木卫二或许会变成巨大的水的星球
and europa may become basically a gigantic water droplet
并绕着木星运行
a self-contained ocean orbiting jupiter
这是个神奇的想法
it's an amazing thought
等到太阳死去
perhaps europa will be life's last
木卫二或许是最适宜生命的最后的避难所
best refuge as the sun dies
随着太阳演化
as the sun evolves
木星的卫星会不会可能是
will the moons of jupiter could it be
人类迁徙的主要目的地
that they become the prime places
或许让生命再次发际的星球？
that we either travel to, or perhaps life once again begins?
在我们逐渐死去的太阳系
in our dying solar system
木星的卫星或许是生命的避风港
jupiter's moons may offer a safe haven for life
但是木星能够享受阳光的时间有限
but jupiter's time in the sun is limited
当太阳经过剧烈的红巨星阶段后
after the sun undergoes its dramatic red giant phase
就会坍缩然后死亡
it's going to collapse down and end its life almost with a whimper
它会变成白矮星
it will become a white dwarf
那时你在木星上根本看不到太阳
you wouldn't even be able to see the sun from the surface of jupiter
因为太阳正在经历最后的阶段
when the sun undergoes its final stage
接着它会变成一块核废料
to become a piece of nuclear waste
在外太空中漂流
drifting in outer space
木星和它的卫星会再次陷入黑暗
jupiter and its moons will become dark once more
太阳演化成白矮星后
as the sun evolves into a white dwarf
木星应该不会受到什么巨大影响
jupiter will probably go largely unaffected
我们太阳系和太阳的演化
our solar system and the evolution of the sun
并不会大大改变它的轨道
won't change its orbit very much
所以它会继续平稳地转动
and it's just gonna keep trucking along and continue
继续绕着这颗白矮星再转几十亿年
to orbit that old white dwarf for billions of years
木星会带着
jupiter will live on
生命的希望活下去
and with it, the hope of life
如果木卫二的冰冻地表下有
if there's life underneath the ice on europa
生物生活在地下海里
somewhere in the ocean beneath the surface
它可能会继续存活
it's possible that it could still continue
热量会由木星的潮汐力提供
warmed by the tidal forces from jupiter
就算太阳变成白矮星也没有影响
even after the sun has met its end as a white dwarf
重点是木卫二
the thing is europa is already
已经是个冰壳星球
a shell of ice with liquid water
地下的液态水本来就不需要太阳的热能
that doesn't really need the energy from the sun
所以如果那里有生命
so, if there's life there
他们不会在乎太阳的死活
it's not gonna care whether the sun's alive or dead
就算太阳死了他们也能活下去
they actually might outlive the sun itself
50亿年后
five billion years from now
木星将会登上舞台中♥央♥
jupiter will take center stage
木星对我们太阳系的影响力
jupiter determines more than any other planet
远超其他行星
how our solar system works
它就像是带领交响乐团的指挥
much as a conductor governs the dynamics of an orchestra
随着我们解开木星的秘密
as we unlock the planet's secrets
我们发现木星
we're discovering jupiter
是我们太阳系成功的关键
is the key to our solar system's success
我们提到的这颗行星
we're talking about a planet
主宰着整个太阳系
that dominates the entire solar system
它的引力决定了太阳系的结构
whose gravity determines the very structure of the solar system itself
它的演化清除了太阳系的碎屑
a planet whose evolution helped to clean out the solar system
可见太阳系的过去
so, we see that the past
和未来都取决于木星
and the future depends on jupiter
木星在太阳形成的初期就已经存在
jupiter has been here since the solar system's earliest days
它会一直在那里
and it'll be here at the end
它是创造者守护者养育者也是生还者
creator, protector, nurturer, and survivor
木星塑造了我们今日所见的太阳系
jupiter shaped the solar system that we see today
让地球出现生命或许还能延续生命
and makes life possible on earth and perhaps beyond