了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

you don't open it. you don't put anything in it.
你再掂量它的轻重 盒子重了一倍
you weigh it again, it's gonna weigh twice as much.
这非凡的观测意味着
This remarkable observation means
我们是安全的 没有发生大分♥裂♥
that we should be safe from a Big Rip.
暗能量会继续逐步地增加
Dark energy will continue to increase gradually.
宇宙正奔向大冻结
The universe is heading for a Big Freeze,
科学家们终于可以编制
and scientists can finally calculate a timeline
万物终结的时间表
for the end of everything.
现在我们似乎生活在
It now seems that we live
一个近乎完美的宇宙
in an almost perfect universe,
有足够引力控制住星系
with just enough gravity to hold the galaxies together
有足够暗能量使宇宙继续膨胀下去
and just enough dark energy that it will expand forever
而自身却没有被撕成碎片
without ripping itself to shreds.
宇宙学家终于可以预见宇宙的终结
Cosmologists can finally envision the end of it all.
三十年前 还存在争议
30 years ago, it was debatable.
现在 研究显示 宇宙最有可能的结局
But now, it appears that the universe most likely
是走向大冻结
will suffer a deep freeze.
如果你查看数据 发现大冻结正凝视着你
If you look at the data, it stares out at you.
在大冻结里
In a Big Freeze,
暗能量把星系推离得越来越远
dark energy pushes galaxies further and further apart,
而星系自身相安无恙
but they remain intact.
星系里的恒星会逐渐消逝
The stars inside them fade away.
你在天空中看到的每一颗恒星 包括我们太阳
Every star you see in the sky, including our sun,
都在燃烧它们的核燃料
is burning through its nuclear fuel.
气体会耗尽 将不会有新恒星被创造
The gas will run out, stars will stop being made,
这些是最后的恒星 只有这些了
and the ones that exist are it. Those are the last ones.
一百万亿年后
A hundred trillion years from now,
最大的恒星将会首先灭绝
the biggest stars will be the first to go extinct.
大恒星火光明亮 壮烈牺牲
Big stars burn bright and die hard.
恒星的内核坍塌
The star's core collapses,
释放出超新星
unleashing a supernova.
然后引力将死去的恒星压碎
Then gravity crushes the dead star down
成为一个高密度的点
to a single dense spot.
耀眼的恒星现在变成一个黑洞
The bright star is now a black hole.
像太阳这样的恒星进入下一步
Sun-like stars go next.
当它们的氢燃料耗尽
As their supply of hydrogen runs out,
它们会扩张成为一个肿胀的大火球
they swell to a bloated fireball
超过它们原先体积的二百倍
over 200 times their current size.
当内核没有足够的氢燃料
And when the core has no more hydrogen,
它将膨胀成为红巨星
it's going to bloat up into a red giant star.
红巨星如此巨大 它们实际上
Now, red giant stars are so big, they will actually
吞没了自己的行星
eat up their own planets.
我们了解的一个超级红巨星
We know of examples of red giants
如果放在太阳的位置
that go all the way out to where the orbit of jupiter is
外♥围♥将一直到木星的轨道
in our solar system.
当恒星的燃料耗尽
Its fuel exhausted,
像太阳这样的恒星屈服于引力
the sun-like star gives in to gravity
萎缩成为白矮星
and shrinks to a white dwarf,
一种高密度的球体
a dense ball of matter
直径只有几千英里
just a few thousand miles in diameter.
它将发出白热光 再过一百亿年
It will glow with heat for a further 10 billion years
恒星冷却 成为黑矮星
before cooling to a black dwarf,
一种由压缩碳组成的球体 甚至可能是由钻石组成的
a ball of compressed carbon, perhaps even diamond.
当最大的恒星死亡时
As the biggest stars die,
宇宙将会慢慢变红
the universe will slowly turn red.
蓝巨星将会爆♥炸♥
The blue stars will blow up,
然后小一点儿的蓝巨星也将爆♥炸♥
and then the slightly less blue stars will blow up,
然后像太阳这样的恒星 将会消逝并灭亡
and then stars like the sun will fade away and die,
只剩下红巨星
leaving just the red stars to exist.
红巨星是宇宙中最小的
Red stars are the smallest
温度最低的恒星
and coolest in the universe.
它们缓慢地燃烧它们的燃料
They burn their fuel slowly.
但是 再过十万亿年
But, after another 10 trillion years,
甚至最小的矮星
even these smallest of dwarf stars
也将耗尽它们的燃料
will use up their fuel.
我们熟知的恒星将停止能量的燃烧
Stars as we know them will cease to burn energy,
夜空将漆黑一片
and the night sky will turn black.
只剩下黑洞、死去恒星的尸体
Black Holes, the corpses of dead stars,
和冷的气体和尘埃云
and cold clouds of gas and dust are all that remains.
恒星时代结束了
The age of stars is over.
黑洞时代♥开♥始了
The age of Black Holes begins.
黑洞成为宇宙的
Black Holes become the fundamental building block
基本构件
of the universe.
星系基本只剩下星系中心的 超大质量黑洞
A galaxy will basically be a supermassive black hole
和围绕超大质量黑洞运行的小黑洞
in the center, with smaller black holes orbiting it.
从某种程度上说 此时的宇宙是幽灵的宇宙
In some ways, it's kind of a ghost universe.
恒星尸体、僵尸恒星
It's the corpses, the zombie stars,
将引领我们走向未来
that will take us into the future.
黑洞组成的僵尸星系
Zombie galaxies filled with black holes
继续演化
continue to evolve.
它们清扫恒星的尸体
They sweep up the dead remains of stars.
黑洞与黑洞合并
Black Hole merges with Black Hole.
它们互相吞噬 它们越变越大
They'll eat each other and they'll get bigger,
它们也许会掉入超大质量黑洞
and maybe they'll fall into the supermassive Black Hole
超大质量黑洞会变得更大
and it'll get bigger.
宇宙还是 令人兴奋的、充满变数的宇宙
The universe will still be an exciting, dynamic place,
只是我们谈论的时间的尺度
it's just that the time scales you're talking about
现在是数万亿年
are now trillions of years
而不再是从前的数十亿年
instead of thousands or millions of years.
逃脱黑洞牵引的任何物质
Any material that evades the pull of a Black Hole
当组成它们的质子分♥裂♥ 最终都会自行消散
eventually dies away as its protons disintegrate.
质子是组成原子、组成我们身体的
A proton, one of the fundamental building blocks
基本元素之一
of atomic matter, of what makes us up,
自然也会崩溃
can just spontaneously fall apart,
这一过程要花极长的时间
and it turns out this takes a tremendously long time.
甚至质子也将离去
But even that will go away.
所有的残余形成黑洞的海洋
All that will be left is a sea of Black Holes.
科学家们过去时常认为 黑洞是永恒的
Scientists used to think Black Holes were immortal,
但即便是黑洞也有死去的一天
but even these will one day die.
我们现在谈论的未来的时间尺度
Now we're talking about time scales
长得难以想像
of unimaginable length,
千万亿年
quadrillions of years into the future.
以这样的时间尺度
But on that time scale,
即便是黑洞 也会人间蒸发
even the Black Holes begin to evaporate.
它们变得 越来越小、越来越小、越来越小
They'll get smaller and smaller and smaller,
然后 吹灯拔蜡 它们玩完了
and then, poof, they'll be gone.
当最后的黑洞死去
The universe will end
宇宙亦将终结
when the last remaining Black Hole dies.
随着黑洞越变越小 黑洞消失的速度
As it gets smaller, the evaporation rate
呈指数增长
increases exponentially.
很快 黑洞的尺寸坍缩为
Before long, it reaches a size
一英寸的万亿分之一的万亿分之一 又万亿分之一的十亿分之一
a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of an inch.
在那一刻 物理学定律失效
At that instant, the laws of physics break down,
最后的黑洞爆射出极强的伽马射线
and the last Black Hole explodes in a flash of gamma rays,
同时留下一片虚无
leaving nothing.
黑洞将在突然爆裂的强光中死去
And it will die in a sudden burst of light,
这是宇宙历史中
the last burst of light
最后的爆♥炸♥之光
in the entire history of the universe.
大冻结来临了
The Big Freeze is coming.
在万亿万亿年之后
The universe will suffer a cold, slow, dark death
宇宙将在
which will play out
严寒、迟钝和黑暗死神中谢幕
over trillions upon trillions of years.
量子物理学为另一种结局
But quantum physics leaves the door open
敞开了大门
for an alternative end,
一个事件如此强大 如此具有破坏性
an event so powerful, so destructive,
它可能在眨眼之间毁灭一切
that it could destroy everything we see in the blink of an eye.
它可能明天就发生
And it could happen tomorrow.
宇宙的末日
The end of the universe,
即将来临
it's coming.
暗能量使星系之间的空间加速膨胀
Dark energy accelerates the space between galaxies,
把我们所见的一切推向 一个遥远、严寒