了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

The Dinosaurs.
但是它们 也有灭绝的一天
But They, Too, Will Face Annihilation.
宇宙杀手潜行在太空中
Cosmic Killers Prowl The Universe
准备毁灭地球的生物
Threatening To Wipe Out Life On Earth.
它们曾经袭击地球
They've Struck Before,
在未来 它们还会
Pushing Life To The Edge Of Extinction.
再度袭击地球
They Will Strike Again,
或许在你看完本集之前就会发生
And It Could Happen Before You've Finished watching This Show.
2013年2月15日
February 15, 2013.
上午9点42分
9:42 A.m.
俄♥罗♥斯♥的西伯利亚城市
It's Another Cold Winter's Day
车里雅宾斯克正值冬季
In The Siberian City Of Chelyabinsk
突然之间 太空中
When Literally, Out Of The Blue...
一颗重达1.4万吨♥ 直径65英尺（20米）的陨石
A 14,000-ton, 65-foot Meteor
以42000英里（67500公里）的时速穿过大气层
Tears Through The Atmosphere At 42,000 Miles An Hour.
在离地18英里（29公里）的高空爆♥炸♥
It Explodes In The Air 18 Miles Up,
释放出强大的冲击波
Unleashing A Powerful Blast Wave,
震碎了窗户
Shattering Windows,
损毁了7000栋建筑
Damaging 7,000 Buildings,
导致1500人受伤
And Injuring 1,500 People.
想象要是这个小行星
Now Imagine What Would've Happened
完整无缺的撞上地球会怎么样
If The Asteroid Had Hit The Earth In One Piece.
我们在俄♥罗♥斯♥车里雅宾斯克所见的
And We Saw What Happened Over Russia, over In Chelyabinsk,
这个天体原本有可能撞上地球
With An Object That Could Have Hit The Earth
它的威力相当于
Could've Hit The Earth With A Force
20次的广岛原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥
Of Perhaps 20 Hiroshima Bombs.
如果你有看到这个俄♥罗♥斯♥陨石的影片
If You Watch Those Videos Of That Meteor In Russia
就会看到惊人的音爆
With The Incredible Sonic Boom,
就连这种在宇宙中
You Could See How Even A Small Object
算是很小的天体
Relatively Small In A Cosmic Sense
都能对人类造成剧烈的影响
Could Produce A Dramatic Event For Humans.
其实每天
The Way It Works Is
都会有小天体撞上地球
Small Objects Are Hitting The Earth Every Day,
越大的天体
Large Objects, Every Week,
撞上地球的频率就越低
Larger Objects Still, Every Year.
和车里雅宾斯克陨石一样大的天体
And An Object The Size Of The Chelyabinsk Meteor
平均每世纪会撞到地球一次
Strikes, On Average, Once Every Century.
所以 下一个可能发生的
So When The Next Big One Strikes
巨大撞击
Not If...
到来后 会发生什么呢
...what Will Happen?
在远古就已经灭绝的
The Clues Lie In The Past
恐龙可以提供线索
In The Extinction Of The Dinosaurs.
大约在6500万年前
About 65 Million Years Ago,
有个宁静的早晨
There Was A Perfect Morning On Earth.
那时的地球有很多巨大的恐龙
I Would've Loved To Have Been There
比如说会飞的翼龙
To See The Giant Dinosaurs, You Know,
这非常令人向往
The Pterodactyls Flying Through The Air, All Of That.
但是有样东西
And Then Something Changed,
彻底改变了地球
And The Earth Would Never Be The Same.
当时要是你抬头看天空
If You Would've Looked Into The Sky,
你会看到暗淡的光朝你直扑而来
You Would've Seen A Relatively Dim Light At First
它会变得越来越亮
Coming Towards You, Getting Brighter And Brighter,
越来越热
And Hotter And Hotter.
那是直径6英里（约10公里）的陨石
It's A Six-mile-wide Rock
和珠穆朗玛峰一样大
The Size Of Mount Everest
以2.5万英里（4万公里）的时速冲向地球
Racing Towards The Earth At 25,000 Miles An Hour.
这个天体还没撞击到地球
The First Wave Of Destruction
便已经造成了第一波的破坏
Would've Started Before This Object Even Hit.
震波 高温 强风传遍了整个地球
There Would've Been Shock Waves, Heat, And Winds
这颗小行星所到之处
Going Across The Entire Planet.
由于高温的原因
Everywhere That Was Under The Path Of This Asteroid
都会燃起大火 烧毁一切
Would've Been Seared, Set On Fire.
底下的海洋会沸腾
The Oceans Would've Been Boiling Underneath It.
这颗小行星撞击到
The Asteroid Smashes Into The Ocean
今日墨西哥湾尤卡坦半岛的外海
Off Of What Is Now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
它撞击的威力等于
It Strikes With A Force Two Million Times Greater
200万颗最大的核弹
Than The Biggest Nuclear Bomb Ever Detonated,
撞击产生200英里（约320公里）宽的陨石坑
And Blasts Out A Crater 200 Miles Across.
炽热的震波以两倍音速呼啸而出
A Super-heated Shock Wave Roars Out At Twice The Speed Of Sound.
5000亿吨♥的火红岩石喷到太空中
500 Billion Tons Of Red-hot Rock Soar To The Edge Of Space.
撞击发生的两小时后
Two Hours After Impact,
300英尺（约90米）高的海啸
A 300-foot Tsunami Smashes Into The Coast
席卷了今日美国的海岸
Of What Is Now The U.s.a.
范围远达北卡罗来州
Reaching As Far As North Carolina.
接下来的几天
Over The Next Few Hours And Days,
碎屑纷纷落下 让地球燃烧了起来
The Debris Rains Down, Setting The Planet Ablaze.
接下来的几个月
In The Following Weeks And Months,
大火产生的烟雾
Smoke From The Fires
伴随着沙尘喷到大气层中
Adds To The Dust Blasted Into The Atmosphere.
大量细致岩石碎屑
There Was So Much Pulverized Rock,
和燃烧产生的物质都进入了大气层
All Of The Burning Materials Up Into The Atmosphere,
你根本看不见地表
You Wouldn't Have Been Able To See The Surface.
站在地球上你也看不到太阳
And On The Surface, You Wouldn't Have Been Able To See The Sun,
这种情况持续了很久
And It Was Like That For A Long Time.
对于恐龙而言
This Ancient Apocalypse
这场远古末日是大浩劫
Is A Disaster For The Dinosaurs...
但是没有这场浩劫 我们就不会存在
...but Without It, We Wouldn't Be Here.
在恐龙当道的年代
Back Then, During The Time Of The Dinosaurs,
我们的祖先应该是毛茸茸的小型哺乳动物
Our Ancestors Were Probably Little, Furry Mammals
它们是恐龙的饭后甜点
That Were An Evening Snack For A Dinosaur.
等到恐龙灭绝后
When The Dinosaurs Got Wiped Out,
这些毛茸茸的小型哺乳动物
These Small, Little, Furry Mammals
就越变越大
Began To Expand In Size
它们接收了恐龙的生态地位
To Take Over The Niche Left Over By The Dinosaurs.
由此在这个连续过程中
So, One Life-form Replaces Another Life-form,
一种生物取代另一种生物 这就是适者生存
In This Continual Process Called Survival Of The Fittest.
我们存在是因为我们的祖先
We Are Here Because Our Ancestors
在大灭绝中幸存下来
Survived The Extinction Event,
而且 事实上 也因为大灭绝而蓬勃发展
And, In Fact, Flourished Because Of It.
从我们的角度来看
From Our Point Of View,
这场大灭绝是好事
That Extinction Event Was A Good Thing,
但是我们在地球的时间很短
But We're Here For A Brief Moment.
未来我们还会有大灾难
And There Will Be Disasters In The Future,
而其中之一会摧毁我们
And One Of Them Will Destroy Us.
和引发恐龙灭绝一样大的小行星
There Is A 1 In 5,000 Chance
有五千分之一的概率
That An Asteroid, The Same Size As The Dinosaur Killer,
会在100年内撞上地球
Will Strike Within The Next 100 Years,
而且它随时都可能发生
And It Could Happen At Any Time.
它有可能
It Is A Real Possibility
10分钟后撞击到地球
That It Could Happen In The Next 10 Minutes,
不过这种概率很小
But Is A Tiny Possibility.
所以我总是说 你不需要为这种非常小的
So, I Always Say, "you Don't Need To Prepare Very Much
概率性事件准备很多
"for Winning The Lottery, You Know.
即使是在15分钟内小行星
"you May Have A Similar Chance To Getting Taken Out
有可能撞上地球
By An Asteroid In The Next 15 Minutes."
2014年4月
April 2014.
科学家发布了一条骇人听闻的消息
Scientists Make A Shocking Announcement
自从2000年以来
Since The Year 2000,
有23个小行星在地球的大气层爆♥炸♥
26 Asteroids Have Exploded In The Earth's Atmosphere,
每次的威力都和核爆相当
Each One With The Force Of A Nuclear Blast,
有的甚至是当年广岛原♥子♥弹♥
With Some Up To 40 Times More Powerful
爆♥炸♥威力的40倍
Than The Hiroshima Bomb.
在它们冲进大气层之前我们甚至都没有发现
And We Didn't Spot A Single One Of Them Before They Struck.
就算我们有足够的科技水平
Even If We Had The Technology
能够侦测到会撞上地球的小行星
To Detect An Asteroid Before It Hit Us,
我们能否及时摧毁它
Could We Destroy It In Time?
用核弹将小行星炸成碎片
The Hollywood Favorite, Of Course, Is To Go Out There
是那些好莱坞影片的最爱
And Nuke It, Blow It To Smithereens, Right?
你知道的 如果这些小行星的体积合适的话
That Could Actually Work In The Case Of Some Particular,
这倒是我们自救的
You Know, Last-ditch Effort
最好的办法