了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

但因为非常强的磁场的存在而被困住
But are trapped right there by the magnetism
太阳上较暗的地区
A patch of the sun goes dark
让光子不能逃脱
Where light can't escape
太阳黑子诞生
诞生A sun spot is born
但在那段纠缠扭曲的磁力线上
But in that tangle of magnetic lines
有些事情不得不达到平衡
Something eventually has to snap
这种磁场状态是很不稳定的
The magnetic fields are very unhappy
它们不喜欢维持现在的状态
They don't like the state that they're in
他们想要做的就是解开交缠
And all they want to do is unravel
巨大的环状磁场能量
Huge loops of magnetic energy
在太阳黑子中拱出
Arch out over the sun spots
扭曲和不稳定 不顾一切地喷涌出他们的能量
Twisted and unstable, desperate to spew their energy
他们创造出磁爆
They create a magnetic bomb primed to explode
因此 如果一个存储着能量的磁场
And so, if one magnetic field with stored energy
遇到另一个带能量的磁场
Sees another magnetic field, those two look at each other
并说 "嘿 我们链接在一起爆发出巨大的能量吧"
And say, "hey, if we connect, we can get rid of a lot of energy."
它们这样做 然后重新链接
They do so, they reconnect
嘣！
Baddow!
这是一次大爆♥炸♥ 而我们称之为太阳耀斑
It's a huge explosion, and we call it a solar flare
其威力相当于数百万枚核弹
And this can be equivalent to millions of nuclear weapons
同时爆♥炸♥
Exploding simultaneously
太阳耀斑爆发向外太空
Solar flares erupt outwards into space
以450万英里（约724万公里）每小时的速度
At up to 4 1/2 million miles an hour
释放大量的能量
releasing massive amounts of energy
磁场从太阳表面
Magnetic fields are throwing plasma
抛射等离子体
From the surface of the sun
突然 大量的光涌出
Suddenly, there's a large outpouring of light
经过近一百万年
After nearly a million years
我们的光子终于逃脱
Our packet of light finally makes its escape
它自♥由♥了
It's free
弹出与数万亿的其他光子
Catapulting out along with trillions of other photons
但他们的旅程远未结束
But their journey is far from over
大多数将越过重重障碍
Most hurdle onwards to the far reaches of the cosmos
到达新奇全新的世界
To strange, new worlds
经过近百万年之旅
After a nearly million-Year journey
通过太阳系统中最恶劣的环境
Through the most hostile environment in the solar system,
光的最小单位 光子
Tiny parcels of light
最后从太阳表面爆发
Finally burst from the sun's surface
它们自♥由♥了
They're free
他们基本上可以自♥由♥离开这个艰苦的旅程
They basically are free to leave this arduous journey
它们诞生于太阳内部
That they've been on in the sun
然后他们以光的速度飞出
And then they fly out at the speed of light
所以 有一种“打破了监狱”的感觉
So, it's kind of a "breaking out of prison" type of feeling
这些受尽苦难的光子
For those poor photons
以每秒18万6千英里（30万公里）的速度
They speed out into empty space
它们加速逃逸到太空
At 186,000 miles per second
仅仅8.3分钟后 它们离开太阳表面
And just 8.3 minutes after it leaves the sun
达到地球
Our photon reaches earth
下一次你看着天空中的星星时
The next time you look at a star in the sky
您可能会思考其中神奇的旅程
You might consider the amazing journey
光子经历它们的旅程到达你的眼睛
The photons have taken on their way to reaching your eye
它们创造于星球
They were created by nuclear reactions
内部深处的核反应 然后向四周弹开
Deep in the core of the stars, and then they bounced around
又成为低能量的光子
And got degraded into lower energy photons
然后在对流区
And then in the convective zone
它们随着气体进行运动
They were carried by mass motions of gas
然后最终 在表面 它们获得了自♥由♥
And finally, at the edge, they were set free
之后它们不再受到阻碍到达你的眼睛
And they traveled unimpeded and finally reached your eyes
我们光子终于到来
Our photon finally arrives
撞入一片树叶 传递能量
Smashes into a leaf, and passes on its energy
这是光合作用
This is photosynthesis
我们食品链中的基本环节
The fundamental link in our food chain
最终 携带来自太阳核心的能量
Finally, carrying energy born inside the sun's core
我们的光子和数十亿像它一样的光子
Our photon and billions like it
点燃我们星球上生命的火光
Ignite the primal fires of life on our planet
太阳光创建我们的燃料 改变我们的气候
The sun's light creates our fuel, drives our weather
搅动我们的海洋
Churns our seas
每一天 到达地球光子的能量
Every single day, enough photons hit the earth
相当于我们27年消耗的能量
To power our civilization for 27 years
太阳光是不仅仅提供温暖和热量
The sun's light is more than just warmth and heat
它提供我们生存所需的一切
It provides everything we need to survive
没有光 我们将一无所有
Without light, we are nothing
所有生命的能量来源
All of the energy that powers our biology
将我们的星球变得温暖 使生命成为可能
The thing that makes our planet warm, that makes life possible
所有都来自太阳
That all comes from the sun
每一秒有数万亿的光子撞击地球
Trillions of photons hit the earth every second
每个都带着生命所需的能量
Each delivering life-Giving energy
像对于我们难以想象的数字一样
But for the unimaginable number who pass us by,
旅程远远没有结束
The journey is far from over
离开太阳大约80分钟后
Around 80 minutes after leaving the sun
他们到达土星
They reach saturn
四小时后到达海王星
After four hours, neptune
一旦光子离开太阳的表面
Once a photon leaves the surface of the sun
这就是尽可能自♥由♥的旅行
It's free to travel as far as it can
它可以在字面上跨越宇宙
And as far as it can can be literally across the universe
数十亿光年
Billions of light years away
他们到达太阳系外
They shoot past the outer reaches
只需18小时
Of our solar system in just 18 hours
在这个距离看太阳 将是一个昏暗的斑点
Here, the sun is a dim speck in the distance
光子将继续前进 进入更深的太空
But the photons keep on going, out into deep space
1200年时 一些光子
In 1,200 years, some of the photons
到达红矮星 开普勒-62
Reach the red dwarf star system kepler-62
一个和太阳系相似的潜在适宜居住的类地球行星
A solar system with potentially habitable earth-Like planets
在我们的星系中
In our galaxy
有数十亿的类地行星
There are billions of earth-Like planets
如果在那里存在生命 它能看到我们太阳的光吗？
If there is life out there, can it see the light from our sun?
如果存在外星人
If aliens exist out there
他们很容易看到我们太阳的光
They could easily see the light from our sun
如果他们在附近
If they're sufficiently nearby
太阳可能是在他们的天空的可肉眼观测的星体
The sun might be a naked-Eye star in their sky
即使距离更远
Or with telescopes
他们也能够使用望远镜
They would be able to detect the sun
检测到太阳的存在
Even from vastly greater distances
所以 一个明显的可能性
So, there's a distinct possibility
外星人正在研究我们的太阳 只是我们还没有意识到而已
That aliens are studying our sun right now without realizing
就像我们正在研究宇宙一样
That we're here trying to study the universe, as well
光子在1500年时通过马头星云
Hurdling on, The photons pass the horsehead nebula in 1,500 years
在这些距离 我们的恒星的光
At these distances, the light from our star
太小了 用肉眼看不见
Is too small to be seen with the naked eye
但可以使用强大的望远镜观测到
But it would be visible with a powerful telescope
使用我们在地球或太空
And with the biggest telescopes
能建造的最大的望远镜
That we can create here on earth or in space
我们其实可以看到来自
We can actually see the light from stars
超过100亿光年远的
At the other end of the universe
另一端恒星的光
Over 10 billion light years away
我们的太阳的光穿越宇宙
And so the light from our sun is traveling across the universe
这样 光从我们的太阳
So, the light from our sun,
从地球的光 本质上永远在旅行
The light from the earth, travels essentially forever
下一次你在晴朗的天空下
The next time you're out under a clear sky
抬头看天
And you look up
你可能想挥手 因为有人在那里
You might want to wave because somebody out there
也许（他们）能够看到你并向你挥手
Might be able to see you and wave back
如果有人正在在整个可见宇宙内
Our tiny star is visible across the universe
寻找我们
If someone is looking
在可见宇宙中我们不是孤单的
There isn't a single place in our visible universe
这也许就是某些
That you wouldn't be able to see the sun from
令人振奋的原因
And maybe that's heartening
也许还有一些在宇宙的另一端证据
Maybe there's some evidence of our existence
表明我们的存在
At the other end of the universe
我们不能到达几十亿光年的那里
Won't get there for billions of years