解释一切（2018）

forwards and backwards,
‪都如同我们此时此刻的位置一样真实
is just as real as where we're sitting,
‪那过去和未来
then the past and the future
‪就应该像现在一样真实
should be just as real as the present.
‪就好像一切都已经录制好了
As if it's all already recorded.
‪已经发生的事
The stuff that already happened.
‪-享乐时光总是稍纵即逝
Time flies when you're having fun.
还没有发生的事
The stuff that hasn't happened yet.
‪最好的节日是跨年夜
I think the best holiday is New Year's Eve.
‪你不能说一切都在现在发生
[Gordon-Levitt] You can't say it's all happening now,
‪因为只有现在是现在
because only now is now.
‪我们压根不知道该用什么词汇去表述
We don't even exactly know the vocabulary to use.
‪但你可以说
[Gordon-Levitt] But you could say,
‪就如现在发生的所有事正在某处发生
just like everything that's happening now is happening somewhere,
‪过去和未来的一切可能正在
everything in the past and future could be happening
‪“某个时间”发生
"somewhen."
‪一个古怪的年轻人
An eccentric young man,
‪阿尔伯特爱因斯坦
Albert Einstein,
‪于1905年首次提出了这些理论
first came up with these theories back in 1905.
‪50年后
And 50 years later,
‪他一生的合作者和密友
when his lifelong collaborator and close friend
‪米给雷贝索去世时
Michele Besso passed away,
‪爱因斯坦给他的家人写了一封信
Einstein wrote a letter to his family.
‪“他先我一步离开了
"Now he has departed from this strange world
‪这个奇怪的世界”
a little ahead of me."
‪“这说明不了什么”
"That means nothing."
‪“像我们这样相信物理学的人
"People like us, who believe in physics,
‪知道过去、现在和未来的区别
know that the distinction between past, present, and future
‪只不过是一个 ‪顽固地不肯褪去的错觉”
is only a stubbornly persistent illusion."
‪这种时间概念
Now, this idea of time
‪因为一些原因令人难以接受
is hard to swallow for a few reasons.
‪首先 存在自♥由♥意志的小问题
First, there's the small issue of free will.
‪如果未来已经写定
If the future is already written,
‪那就意味着 不论我们做什么
that means whatever we do,
‪都不取决于我们自己
it's not up to us.
‪录像带早就知道 ‪这件事无论如何都会发生
The recording knew it was going to happen anyway.
‪所以这很摧毁意志
So that's pretty spirit-crushing.
‪虽然我们可以在飞机上放原子钟
And while we can put clocks on planes
‪证明存在时间扭曲
and prove that time warps,
‪但不能把飞机送回过去或送入未来
we can't send those planes into the past or into the future,
‪所以就永远没办法切实证明
so we can never really prove
‪过去或未来真实存在
that the past or the future is real.
‪其实 我们都很难想象这意味着什么
In fact, we can hardly imagine what that even means.
‪有很多视频和纪录片
There are a lot of videos and documentaries that have tried
都努力帮我们理解这一概念
to help us make sense of it,
‪它们使用各种比喻
using all kinds of metaphors,
‪比如DVD光盘
like a DVD record,
‪或黑胶唱片 或…
or a vinyl record, or…
‪一片面包
A loaf of bread.
‪但设法去想象其实毫无意义
[Gordon-Levitt] But it's actually pretty useless to try to imagine this.
‪我们从那些学会分辨白天黑夜的
We evolved from those single-cell organisms
‪单细胞有机体进化而来
that learned to tell day from night.
‪在此过程中 人类发展出了 ‪自己独有的时间感
And somewhere along the line, we developed our particular sense of time,
‪因为这也帮我们生存了下来
because that helped us survive too,
‪它是我们了解时间的唯一窗口
and it's the only window into time we'll ever have.
‪但窗口不止一个
And it isn't just one window,
‪因为我们也能感知到过去
because we also have an awareness of the past.
‪那是另一种对时间的感受
Which is a whole other sense of time.
‪从很多方面来讲 大脑的主要功能
In many ways, the brain's main function
‪就是利用过去
is to use the past
‪预测未来
to predict the future.
‪所以这一点的进化优势
So the evolutionary advantage of that
‪当然是非常深刻的
is, of course, very, very profound.
‪重温过去以想象未来
[Gordon-Levitt] Revisiting the past to imagine the future.
‪我们就是借此第一次意识到 ‪星星的运行轨迹是可以预测的
It's how we first realized that stars in the sky moved in predictable ways.
‪并发明了钟表和日历记录它们的轨迹
And developed clocks and calendars to track them.
‪这方便我们进行组织
It's what allowed us to organize,
‪与他人协调
coordinate with each other,
‪以及建立文明
and build civilizations.
‪能在大脑中进行时间旅行 ‪是智人拥有智慧的关键
The ability to engage in mental time travel is what makes Homo sapiens sapien.
而时间是一种很容易被扭曲的感受
[Gordon-Levitt] And the fact that time is a sense that's easily warped,
‪从某种程度来说 这算是礼物
in some ways, it's a gift,
‪因为我们有能力加快或放慢时间
because we have the power to speed it up, or slow it down,
‪这取决于我们选择如何度过时间
depending on how we choose to spend it.
‪我们会搜索记忆
We search our memory,
‪我们在某段时间内积累的记忆越多
and the more memories that we've accumulated during a period of time,
‪就会觉得那段时间过得越慢
the longer we believe that period of time to have lasted for.
‪米歇尔西弗
[Gordon-Levitt] Michel Siffre
‪觉得自己只在洞穴里待了一个月
felt like he only spent one month in a cave
‪因为他没有什么值得储存的记忆
because he had fewer memories worth storing.
‪他在随后的一次采访中说
He said in an interview later,
‪“如果你被黑夜包围 ‪记忆就不再捕捉时间”
"When you're surrounded by night, your memory doesn't capture time."
‪“你会遗忘”
"You forget."
‪随着你越来越大 越来越忙 ‪形成某种生活习惯后
And as you get older and busier, and settle into a routine,
‪你也会遗忘
you can also forget.
‪光是邮件就能让你永远忙不不停
Just the emails will sort of keep you busy forever.
‪所以砰砰砰地
So that boom, boom, boom
‪你会觉得时间被紧紧压缩
makes it feel like the time has gotten very compressed.
但对很多人来说
[Gordon-Levitt] But for many people,
‪童年时期貌似是最漫长的
childhood felt like it lasted the longest.
‪这么想吧 一个人在童年时期 ‪是在学习很多新技能
If you think when you're a child, you're learning lots of new skills.
‪你要学习如何社交 如何玩耍
You're learning how to socialize and how to play,
‪而且你从学校学习很多教育知识
and you're taking on lots of educational knowledge from school.
‪我认为 时间流逝快慢的感知
And I think the perception of whether it's moving fast or slow
‪跟你的关注点有关
has something to do with what you notice.
‪儿童能注意到一切 他们就活在当下
Children notice everything. They're very much in the present.
‪在意每时每刻的那个过程
And having that process where every moment counts
‪让你感觉时间更为漫长一些
I think gives you the sense
一切都慢了下来
of a longer period of time that slows everything down.
‪实际上 研究表明身处大自然中时
[Gordon-Levitt] In fact, studies show just being in nature
‪你会觉得时间过得慢一些
makes time pass more slowly.
‪但身处社交环境却会让时间过得飞快
Being social, on the other hand, can make time fly by.
‪我非常想在自己的研究中捕捉到
One of the things I really wanted to capture in my study
‪冠状病毒给英国带来的深刻变化
was the thing that had really changed in the UK as a result of COVID.
‪我们不能跟朋友和家人聚会
We couldn't go out and socialize with friends and family.
‪我们不能去公园里结交好友
We couldn't meet people in the park.
‪或许最有趣的变量 ‪这也是我研究的一项内容
So perhaps the most interesting variable that I also studied
‪就是社交互动发生时 ‪人们内心的满意度
was how satisfied they were with social interaction,
‪因为这无关你跟多少个人同住
because it didn't matter how many people you lived with.
‪关键在于你的社交满意度
[Gordon-Levitt] What mattered was how socially satisfied you felt.
‪人们在疫情期间错过的所有节庆日
And all the celebrations people missed in the pandemic.
‪我们用来标记岁月的日子
The ones we use to mark the years
‪或许让时间在一瞬间呼啸而过
may make time whiz by in the moment,
‪但它们也迫使我们注意到时间的流逝
but they also force us to notice time passing
‪并在我们的记忆中创造新的地标
and create landmarks in our memories.
‪这使得它们成为
Making them one of the best ways
‪耄耋之年回忆过去的最佳方式
to live a long life in retrospect.
‪在太空中过生日是很酷的事
You know, birthdays are great in space.
‪但我真心认为 最好的节日是跨年夜
What's really, I think, the best holiday is New Year's Eve,
‪因为所有的文化都庆祝新年
because New Year's is something that everyone celebrates from every culture.
‪在每一年的同一天
[Gordon-Levitt] On the very same day every year,
‪全世界团结在一起
the entire world comes together
‪庆祝我们的地球又绕着太阳转了一圈
to mark another spin of our planet around the sun.
‪数着时间稳步迈向未来的节奏
Counting the beats of time's steady march forward
‪未来涌入现在
as the future rushes into the present
‪在现在稍作停留后
and after a fleeting moment of now…
三 二 一…
[crowd] Three, two, one…
[cheering]
‪消失在过去
[Gordon-Levitt] …vanishes into the past.
‪那个年轻的地质学家米歇尔西弗
That young geologist Michel Siffre
‪在1999年时已经是60岁的老人
was a 60-year-old man in 1999