解释一切（2018）

Explained S03E10

Part 3 Feb. 6, 2024, 6:01 p.m.

That window is getting more narrow.
‪“常态”的定义越来越狭隘 ‪也渐渐趋向一致
What is normal is becoming narrower and is converging.
‪这是前所未有的新趋势
And that's new. We've never had that before.
‪以体毛为例
So, for instance, body hair.
‪稍微把时间往前移 ‪西方人以前认为有体毛是社会常态
If you go back a little bit in the West, you find it's much more of a social norm.
‪有些人会剃掉体毛有些人则不会
[Cattrall] Some people removed their body hair. Some didn't.
‪全民女神索菲亚罗兰 ‪很多时候选择保留体毛
Iconic beauty Sophia Loren often chose not to.
‪后来零体毛成了常态
But then hairlessness became the standard.
‪我们将光溜溜没体毛的身体列为常态 ‪并在全球范围内做到这点
We've normalized a hairless body, and we've done that globally.
‪我们忘记去除体毛 ‪其实是一种美化和美容手段
We forget it's beautification, it's artifice.
‪这是一种反馈循环
[Cattrall] It's a feedback loop.
‪我们选择扭曲对“美”的标准
We make choices to bend to the beauty ideal
‪此举却加强了人对“美”的追求
and that helps reinforce it,
‪让完美距离我们越来越远
moving the target of perfection even further out of reach.
‪从小到大 ‪我对维密天使感到深深着迷
[Kat] Growing up, I was kind of obsessed with the Victoria's Secret Angels.
‪我心想：“瞧瞧这些美女”
Like, "Wow, look at these women."
‪魅力四射真希望自己长得像她们
It was like, "Va-va-voom," and I just wanted to look like that.
‪我反复思索如果维密不存在
So I do struggle with wondering, if Victoria's Secret never existed,
‪如果没看过这些时装秀
if I had never seen those runway shows,
‪我还会不会对美胸执着不已？
would I still have been boob obsessed?
‪我还会不会想做隆胸手术？
Would I have wanted a breast augmentation?
‪我们对“美”的理想 ‪已经受到整形手术支配
[Cattrall] Our beauty ideal is now shaped by plastic surgery,
‪这意味着未经过整形手术 ‪就无法达到理想形态
which means it's harder to achieve without it.
‪过去被视为极端的整形手术 ‪如今成为了日常保养
Things that were once extreme have become routine.
‪到了某个阶段
And at some point,
这些日常保养成了规定
things that are routine can start to feel required.
‪就像其他事物一样
But it's like anything else.
‪如果人人都染发
If everybody dyes their hair
‪活到某个年纪、满头白发的人 ‪会不会被视为不正常呢？
and you just have white hair at a certain age, are you an outlier?
‪会的
Yes.
‪相信几乎每个人都会认为
[Cattrall] And pretty much everyone would say
‪染发没有做整形手术极端
dyeing your hair is less extreme than surgery.
‪尤其跟巴西提臀术相较起来 ‪更是微乎其微
Especially something like the BBL.
‪接受巴西提臀术者 ‪必须面临脂肪错置的风险
There's a risk of injecting fat in the wrong place,
如果脂肪不慎注入血管 ‪导致脂肪颗粒聚集
releasing it into your bloodstream, where it can stick together,
‪引起脑和肺部动脉栓塞
blocking arteries in your brain or lungs,
‪造成感染、中风甚至死亡
leading to infection, stroke, or death.
‪我们采取 ‪侵略性和风险极高的手段变美
There's something strange going on there,
‪却也从中得到好处
as we take practices that are deeply harmful and risky
‪这种情况挺新奇的
and yet see them as benefiting ourselves.
‪过程虽然艰辛却也给我们带来快乐
It is constraining, but it does also provide some joy.
研究人员尝试评估整形手术 ‪给人带来的好处
[Cattrall] Researchers have tried to measure the benefits of plastic surgery
‪发现结果好坏参半
and results have been mixed.
‪但总结所有最具建设性的研究后显示
But one roundup of some of the best studies
‪整体而言 ‪整形手术确实提升了生活水平
found that, overall, it does seem to improve quality of life.
‪提升多少取决于手术成功与否
How much though, depends on the surgery.
‪整形手术让某些人
Plastic surgery allows some people
‪能更自在地生活在这个世界上
to maybe exist in the world a little bit easier.
‪对于某些人来说
For some folks,
整形手术是确立性别身份的手法之一
plastic surgery is a way to affirm their gender identity.
‪我做过眉骨缩小术、提眉手术
[woman] I had my brow bone shaven down. I had a brow lift.
‪整鼻手术也做过下巴缩小术
I had a nose job, and I also had my chin done.
‪整形手术帮助我们变得更女性化 ‪成为想要成为的那种女人
Surgery helps you feminize and helps you become the woman you want to be, but it's…
‪但整形还有更大的意义
It's so much more than that.
‪外形越接近顺性别女性
The more passable I am as a cisgendered woman,
走在街上也越安全
the more safe it is to walk down the street
‪也能过着正常生活
or to just live a normal life.
‪我们应该停止将自尊心、自我价值
We need to stop thinking about self-worth and self-value
‪以及自信奉为圭臬
and self-confidence as these arbitrary ideals.
‪我常对人说 ‪我的职业不是帮助别人变美
I often say that I'm not in the business of making people look better.
‪而是让人自我感觉更好
I'm in the business of making people feel better.
‪我更愿意出门见人 ‪更愿意结交新朋友
I'm more open to putting myself out there. I'm more open to meeting new people.
‪也交到了更多朋友
I've made more friends, I think.
‪因为自我感觉更好了
And that comes from me just feeling better about myself.
‪也觉得自己更坚强了
Just feeling stronger.
‪我感觉到了释然因为我心里知道
It really is freeing, because I know that,
‪每一天都会变得更美好
every day, it's only gonna get better
‪我会变得比以前更自信一千倍
and I'm just gonna become a thousand times more confident than I ever have been.
‪整形手术 ‪让我在生活各层面上更有自信
It just made me more confident in every aspect of my life.
‪就个人而言我认为整形手术 ‪是一种压♥迫♥ 也可以是一种提升
Individually, I think it could be oppressive or empowering.
‪就整体而言
Collectively,
‪虽然我们都认同 ‪普罗大众接受整形手术是好事
as something we think it's a good idea for human beings to generally do,
‪但活在这个世纪上的理想方式
ideally we need to live in a world
‪是不需要在身体上动刀 ‪也能成为最好的自己
where we don't need to cut up our bodies to be our best selves.
‪面对我女儿
In regards to my daughter,
‪我无法告诉她我以后的方向
I-- I even struggled with telling her where I was going today,
‪毕竟我根本不知道该怎么跟她解释
because I didn't even know how to explain it to her
‪除非我跟她说：
without telling her,
“妈妈的胸部是假的 ‪妈妈做过隆胸手术”
"Yeah. My boobs are fake. I had a breast augmentation."
‪我该怎么跟她解释才好？
How do I even explain that to her?
‪我不希望给她种下这个念想
And I don't wanna plant the seed of,
‪“有大胸部才会漂亮”
"You need big boobs to be pretty,"
‪她会永远记住这点
because then that's just gonna be in her mind,
‪待她长大后发现胸部不比妈妈大
like, "When I get older, if my boobs aren't as big as mommy's,
就要跑去整形
then I need to change that."
‪假如把老太太下垂的胸部图案 ‪或是哺乳过的胸部图案
I mean if we could get old boobs, saggy boobs, breastfeeding boobs
‪贴在每个车站上
and just have them on every bus stop,
‪我们很快就不会觉得
we'd quite soon stop thinking of normal boobs
正常的胸部应该是坚挺圆润的形态
as these completely pert, round things.
‪我们应该尽可能少议论
There needs to be less conversations
‪整形手术的好坏
about the good or the bad of plastic surgery itself,
‪而多探讨非主流身材意味着什么
and more dialogue about what it means to be a person in a marginalized body
‪以及渴望变美为什么是整形的初衷
and why desirability is even so important to that experience in the first place.
[closing theme music playing]