扯淡生命史（2024）

Scientists say ghosts don't exist,
虽然鬼多次被摄像机镜头拍到过
even though they've been caught on camera loads of times,
比如《鬼驱人》和《鬼驱人第二部》
like in Poltergeist and Poltergeist II
还有翻拍的《鬼驱人》
and the remake of Poltergeist.
其实 摄像机镜头拍到的鬼 要比拍到的科学家多
In fact, ghosts have been caught on camera more often than scientists have.
现在来说说 谁是真？
So who's real now?
我们要继续去说 更硬核的科学问题？
Should we move on to more, uh, hardcore scientific stuff?
好 鬼魂
Okay, so ghosts.
当人类身体死亡的时候
When a human body dies,
鬼从哪个洞里出来 上还是？
which hole does the ghost come out of, north or south?
我并不把鬼当成很难的科学课题
I don't regard ghosts as a hard scientific subject, I'm afraid.
我跟你说 不要忽视它
Let me tell you something. Don't dismiss it.
2021年 我姑姑卡罗尔 跟一个叫鲍勃·柯林斯的人订婚了
In 2021, my aunt Carol got engaged to a man called Bob Collins.
但有一天 他就凭空消失了 清空了她的银行账户
But one day, he just vanished and cleared out her bank account.
她去查鲍勃·柯林斯这个名字的时候
And when she looked up the name Bob Collins,
发现这个人在1958年就已经死了
she discovered he'd died in 1958.
之后就一直是鬼
He'd been a ghost all along.
有没有可能 是有人蓄意冒充鲍勃·柯林？
Could it not have been someone impersonating Bob Collins?
不是 有鲍勃·柯林斯 1958年拍的照片
No, no. There were photos of Bob Collins in 1958,
看起来完全不一样
and he looked totally different,
这就证明了 他伪装了自己 让我姑姑看不出来他是鬼
which proves he disguised himself, so she wouldn't know he was a ghost.
你也无法解释 是？很恐怖
You can't explain it, can you? It's terrifying.
长得不像 更简单的答案难道不是
Isn't the easy answer that he doesn't look like him
这就是两个不同的人？
because it's a different person altogether?
不是 是...
No, it...
是鬼
It's a ghost.
死亡、悲剧和苦难 一直是人类生命的一部分
Death, tragedy and suffering have always been part of human life.
人类在充满无休止苦难的生命中挣扎
Struggling with lives of ceaseless misery,
于是开始思考 是否真的有任何形式的神明存在
people began to wonder whether any kind of God exists at all.
(第五章 怀疑)
但几个世纪以来 没有人敢说出这种质疑
But for centuries, no one dared voice that suspicion
害怕万一上帝真的存在 会惩罚他们
in case God did exist and smited them shitless.
但这种情况即将改变
But that was about to change.
在1883年
It's 1883,
德国哲学家弗里德里希·威廉·尼采 正在潜心自己的研究
and German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche is hard at work in his study,
把他的思想写在纸上
putting his thoughts on paper.
不用担心 他听不到我说话
Don't worry. He can't hear me.
他即将写出最具争议性的...
He's about to write one of the most controver--
他即将写出 历史上最具争议的流行语
He's about to write one of the most controversial catchphrases in history.
四个字
Three little words by the name of
上帝已死
God is dead.
是尼采说:“上帝已死” 是？
Nietzsche said, "God is dead," didn't he?
现在他自己也死了
And now he's dead himself.
下一个是？
Who's next?
他有没有在死之前 说出凶手的名字？
Did he name the killer before he died?
尼采？没有
Nietzsche? No.
我觉得他是认为...
I think he thought that...
人们应该意识到 是人类构造了一个上帝
people should realize that they had constructed a God
上帝并没有像他们当初想的那样 给他们做好事
that actually wasn't doing them as much good as they thought,
人们需要意识到
and people need to realize...
或许不是上帝已死 而是他根本不存在
not perhaps that he was dead, but that he hadn't existed.
所以他是说 是我们杀了上？
So he's saying we killed him?
可以这样说
In effect.
但我那时候还没出生呢
But I wasn't even born.
不是 对
No. Yeah.
尼采可以滚了
Nietzsche can fuck off.
唔
Mm.
我们可以确定 上帝没有自杀？
Can we be sure God didn't kill himself?
因为你没办法知道别人都经历过什么
'Cause you never know what people are going through.
有可能
It's possible.
尼采公开称上帝已死 引起了一场知识分子风暴
Nietzsche's proclamation that God was dead
caused an intellectual firestorm
作家和思想家争论 在一个日益世俗化的世界里
as writers and thinkers debated the decline of religious authority
宗教权威的衰落
in an increasingly secularized world,
这是与此无关的比利时电音赞歌♥ 《唱响音乐》发表的107年前
107 years before the release of unrelated Belgian techno anthem "Pump Up the Jam."
(《唱响音乐》首发 登顶英美音乐排行榜第二名)
♪ Pump up the jam, pump it up ♪
(歌♥曲最初是 为马丁·斯科塞斯导演的)
♪ While your feet are stomping And the jam is pumping ♪
(《基♥督♥最后的诱惑》 创作的片头曲)
♪ Look ahead, the crowd is jumpin' ♪
(弗里德里希·威廉·尼采 1844年10月15日出生于萨克森)
♪ Pump it up a little more ♪
♪ Get the party goin' on the dance floor ♪
(他这一生是否唱响音乐 我们不得而知)
♪ See, 'cause that's where The party's at ♪
♪ And you'd find out if you do that ♪
(尼采在声称上帝死亡之后写道)
♪ Awa, a place to stay ♪
♪ Get your booty on the floor tonight ♪
“世上最神圣、最强大的人
♪ Make my day ♪
在我们刀下流血而亡
♪ Awa, a place to stay ♪
♪ Get your booty on the floor tonight ♪
谁能擦掉我们身上的？
♪ Make my day ♪
怎样的水能让我们洗干净自？
♪ Make my day ♪
怎样的赎罪仪式能...”
♪ Make my day ♪
♪ Make my day ♪
(救命 我被困在剪辑室里了)
♪ Make my day ♪
(我就只能打开剪辑工具)
(希望能有人看到这条消息)
但如果尼采是对的 上帝已死
But if Nietzsche was right and God is dead,
那就没有一个更高级的存在 评判我们的生活方式了
it means we've got no higher entities judging our lifestyles,
除了住在你家楼上的人
except the people from the flat upstairs.
这可能会造成可怕的道德空缺
It could create a terrifying moral vacuum
人们可以自♥由♥地残暴行事
in which people feel free to behave atrociously,
就像20世纪70、80、90年代
like they did in the entertainment industry of the 1970s
21世纪初、10年代乃至今天
and the '80s and the '90s,
娱乐界做的那样
2000s, 2010s, and today.
幸运的是 感谢文学的世界
Luckily, moral guidance was on hand
存在一个道德指导
thanks to the world of literature.
(第六章 道德等等)
在19世纪 有很多有影响力的
There were a lot of influential Russian writers
俄♥国♥作家
in the 19th century.
托尔斯泰 陀思妥耶夫斯基、屠格涅夫
Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev,
翻面、普希金
Turnover, and Pushkin.
谁最优？
Who was best?
我喜欢普希金
I like Pushkin.
真的？- 对
Yeah? - Yes.
“翻面”？
What about Turnover?
“翻面”?
Turnover is...
他写过什？
What did he write?
我不知道 我的笔记里写的
Oh, I don't know. It's in my notes.
嗯
Um...
最有影响力的俄♥国♥作家有 托尔斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基
"The main influential Russian writers were Tolstoy, Dostoevsky,
屠格涅夫、翻面
Turgenev, Turnover,
普希金
and Pushkin."
你没听过没关系 没事的
It's all right if you've not heard of him. You shouldn't be embarrassed.
我也没听过
I hadn't heard of him either.
对 没听过
Yeah. No. No.
这是文学世界最伟大的道德思想家
This is one of the literary world's greatest moral thinkers,
俄♥国♥小说家 费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基
Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky,
正在这里享受派对
seen here enjoying himself at a party.
他写了很多书 至今无人阅读
He wrote many books still not read to this day.
但他最受欢迎的作品 可以称得上是他的环法自行车赛冠军
But his most celebrated work, his absolute Tour de France,
是未开封的杰作《罪与罚》
is unopened masterpiece Crimean D Punishment.
《罪与罚》讲述个人自♥由♥
Crime and Punishment grapples with individual freedom,
权威人物以及道德的复杂性
the role of authority, and the complexities of morality.
如果满分十分 你能给打几？
What would you give it out of ten?
我觉得会给九分 - 九分
I'd give it nine, I think. - Nine.
对
Yeah.
九分
Nine.
从陀思妥耶夫斯基时代♥开♥始 罚没有太多变化
Punishment hasn't changed much since Dostoevsky's day,
虽然令人难以置信的是 在一些国家 如果罪犯的罪行真的很严重
although, incredibly, in some countries, if an offender's crime was really bad,
当局会缩短他们的刑期
the authorities will actually cut their sentence short
(处决)
杀掉他们 缩短刑期
by killing them.
死刑迫使我们 问出这样的问题:“疼？”
Capital punishment forces us to ask questions like, "Does it hurt?"
“可以买♥♥票观看？”
"Are tickets available?"
“前排围观视野如？”
and "What's the view like from seat 6A?"
还有其他更深刻的道德问题
and also, other more profound moral questions.
电椅明明是后背靠在上面坐的
Why do we say people are facing the electric chair
为什么要说“面对”电椅处？
when they've got their backs to it?