古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

and become a land of plenty.
法老有能力将不朽的雕塑艺术提升到另一个层次
The pharaoh could afford to take the art of monumental sculpture to another level.
这两个嶙峋的雕像
These two craggy figures
是整个埃及最著名的景点之一
are some of the most famous sites in the whole of Egypt
具有饱经风霜的脸
with their weather-beaten faces.
它们被称为巨像门农
They're known as the Colossi Memnon,
门农是埃塞俄比亚国王
and Memnon was an Ethiopian king,
但他们根本不符合门农的特征
but they're not of this character Memnon at all.
事实上，每一座石英岩雕塑
In fact, each of these quartzite colossal sculptures,
重达700多吨♥，五层，高60英尺
weighing over 700 tons, 5 stories, 60 feet high,
其中最重要的描述
depicts one of the most important,
史上最强大的法老阿蒙霍特普三世
powerful pharaohs that ever lived, a man called Amenhotep the third,
他统治的埃及处于鼎盛时期
who ruled over Egypt at the pinnacle of its golden age.
很容易把他和路易十四相提并论
It's tempting to compare him to Louis the 14th.
阿蒙霍特普三世是古代世界的太阳王
Amenhotep the third was the Sun King of the ancient world.
他的豪华宫殿里摆满了与众不同的自雕像
He filled his deluxe palaces with distinctive statues of himself.
它们宁静、禅意的特色如今成为博物馆的亮点
Their tranquil, Zen-like features now grace museums
以及世界各地的美术馆
and galleries around the world.
我来柏林是为了寻找我的下一个宝藏
I've come to Berlin to find my next treasure,
这表明即使是阿蒙霍特普宫廷里的小物件
which suggests that even tiny objects in Amenhotep's court
它们本身就是微型的杰作
could be miniature masterpieces in their own right.
这个迷人的玻璃器皿是新王国时期的杰作之一
This charming glass vessel is one of the masterpieces of the New Kingdom,
这正是阿蒙霍特普会收集的东西
and it's exactly the sort of thing that Amenhotep would have collected,
看着它，你就能理解为什么
and looking at it you can understand why,
因为它真的很令人愉悦
because it is really delightful.
就像尼莫和他的动画鱼朋友的祖先
It's like the ancestor of Nemo and his animated fishy friends.
它曾经是一个化妆品容器
It was once a cosmetics vessel.
它可能含有香水或乳液
It probably contained perfume or lotion.
你可以看到容器的边缘
You can see that the rim of the vessel
实际上是由鱼的嘴唇形成的
is actually formed by the lips of the fish,
尼罗河里的罗非鱼
a tilapia nilotica,
这显然与死后的重生有关
which was apparently associated with regeneration in the afterlife.
但我发现真正令人震惊的
But the thing I find really striking about this is
其实是那个蓝黄白相间的装饰图案
actually that blue-yellow-white decorative pattern,
因为艺术家在自然主义之间产生了非常有效的张力
because the artist has got this very effective tension going on between the naturalism,
你可以看到波浪形的线条给人一种鱼鳞的印象
where you can see wavy lines creating the impression of fish scales,
但同时，一种抽象的感觉
but at the same time, a, a sense of abstraction,
因为图案在视觉上有点失真
because the pattern's slightly visually distorting.
你还可以看到这些鱼眼中不寻常的催眠螺旋
You can see as well these unusual hypnotic spirals for the fish's eyes.
这种玻璃还是很易弯和可塑的
There's something still quite pliant and malleable about the glass.
它具有液体性质
It has this liquid quality.
老实说，我不知道
And to be honest, I have no idea
制♥作♥这个的人怎么可能造出这个
how the person who made this could have made this.
我被这件作品的工艺震撼了
I'm blown away by the craftsmanship of this piece.
尤其是当你考虑到吹制玻璃的技术
Especially when you consider that the technique of blowing glass
在这条可爱的小鱼诞生后的一千多年里都没有被发现
wouldn't even be discovered for well over a millennium after this sweet, little fish was made.
一位专家重新发现了这种鱼是如何制成的
One expert has rediscovered how this fish was created.
使用一种古老的技术，称为胚心成形
Using an ancient technique known as core forming,
马克·泰勒揭示了融化的沙子是如何变成艺术的
Mark Taylor reveals how molten sand could be transformed into art.
现在的办法是把玻璃包裹在内部鱼形的胚心上
Now the idea is that the glass is wrapped around a core in the shape of the inside of the fish,
不包括尾巴和鳍
minus the tail and the fins.
我可以试试这个吗?我很想试一试
Can I try this? I'm desperate to have a go at this.
- 好 - 你来吧
- OK. - That's yours.
我要用这根棒子吗？
Am I using this rod?
你得用这根棒子
You're using that rod.
这里摸起来很凉
This is cool here to the touch.
对，棒子根部是凉的
Yeah, that's cold, that end.
就这样，把它放下来
That's it. Just touch it down.
- 接触它 - 对
- Just touch it. - Yes.
现在拉开，并用你的左手转动
Now, now pull away and, and turn with your left hand.
它粘在那里了
Oh, it's sticking there, yeah.
就是这样，用你的右手稍微拉开一点，就是这样
That's it. Pull away a little bit with your right hand. That's it.
试着找到一个漂亮、均匀的围条
Just try and get a nice, even trail around.
现在该如何停下来呢？
Now, how do you--how do you stop it?
变得越来越厚了
It's getting thicker and thicker.
你的左手转快点
Just turn faster with your left hand.
这是最丑的鱼
This is the ugliest fish.
看看啊
Look at it.
可我很喜欢这个
It's quite, I like this, though.
不错
It's good.
你想暂时接管一下吗
Do you want to take back over for a bit,
否则我们就一直停在这里了
'cause I think otherwise we'll be here forever.
你做了很多玻璃制品，马克
You make a lot of glass, Mark.
- 是很多，对 - 阿玛纳鱼的挑战有多大？
- Quite a lot, yeah. - How challenging is the Amarna fish?
嗯，很难，很难
Um, it is difficult, it is difficult.
所有的胚心成形都很困难，需要很多很多的耐心
All core forming is difficult, takes a lot of a, a lot of patience.
这需要很强的专注力
Um, and it takes a lot of concentration, and, uh,
你会变得很热
you get rather hot.
我有一些彩色玻璃细棒
I've got some thin rods of colored glass,
我把它们加热，然后把它们卷起来
and I will heat those up and, and literally wind them round.
就像意大利细面条
It's like a piece of spaghetti.
我现在用这把刀的尖端
I'm just using the point of the blade
让刀尖划过热玻璃
and I'm just dragging it across the hot glass.
就能让鱼活起来
It makes the fish come alive.
突然看起来像一条有鳞的鱼
It suddenly looks as though you've got a fish with scales.
对
Yeah.
马克，你有多敬佩这些古埃及的玻璃工匠啊？
How much admiration do you have, Mark, for these ancient Egyptian glass makers?
说实话，我很钦佩他们
Uh, well, to be honest, I've a lot of admiration for them.
他们用的是相当简单的技术
Um, they're working with, uh, fairly simple technology,
使用一种只能用红热的材料
using a material which can only be used red heat to sort of,
温度在1000摄氏度左右
you know, 1,000 or so centigrade.
做这条玻璃鱼的特别工匠
This particular glass maker who made this fish,
他是个有经验的玻璃工匠，他应该是
he was an experienced glass maker, he would have been,
也许他一辈子都在干这个
uh, probably doing this all his working life.
现在，尾巴这个地方需要来点自♥由♥发挥了
Now, the tail is where it all goes a bit free-range.
没错，所以这是我觉得最难的部分
That's right, so, the bit I find most difficult.
其实这才是做鱼的紧张时刻
This is a tense moment, actually, of making a fish.
开始了
There you go.
你是在拍它吗？
You just sort of bash it?
是的，我在把它压制成一个基本的尾巴形状
Literally, yes. I'm just trying to squeeze it into a basic tail shape.
这条炙热的小鱼在重生前要花一个晚上来降温
This hot, little fish will spend the night cooling down before being reborn.
不得不说，这太棒了
I have to say, I think this is superb.
你觉得满意吗？
Do you feel pleased with it?
当然满意
I do, yes, yes.
我觉得它和原来的那个很相似
I think it's reasonably similar to the, uh, to the original one.
很相似，看起来几乎一样
Reasonably similar. Looks pretty much identical.
我是说，你可以用它替换箱子里的那个，没人会知道
I mean, you, you could swap it in the case and no one would really know.
从技艺精湛的工匠到牧师和官僚
From skilled craftsmen to priests and bureaucrats,
阿蒙霍特普需要一支庞大的人力来维持他的王国
Amenhotep required a vast workforce to maintain his kingdom.
在他统治近40年的时间里，财富不断流向社会
As wealth trickled down during a reign lasting almost 40 years,
新精英阶层可以委托别人为他们创造辉煌
the new elite could commission splendors of their own
在最重要的地方，他们的坟墓里
where it mattered most-- in their tombs.
我接下来的两件珍宝提供了非常不同的视角
My next two treasures offer very different visions
关于来世的天堂
of paradise in the afterlife.
这片山脉
This stretch of hills here,
就在阿蒙霍特普第三大神庙的拐角处
just around the corner from Amenhotep the third's grand temple,
这里是许多埃及低级官员的下葬地
is where many of Egypt's lower-ranking officials were buried.
公务员，官僚，行政人员
Civil servants, bureaucrats, administrators.
然而，古埃及的一些最精致的墓画
And yet, some of the most refined tomb paintings anywhere, in ancient Egypt,
在山坡上发现的
were discovered in those slopes.
从其中一座最华丽的陵墓中出土了11个令人难以置信的碎片
eleven fabulous fragments from one of the most sublimely decorated tombs of them
它们最终都被收藏在大英博物馆
all have ended up in the British Museum.
我来说说我认为这个画廊里的艺术作品有什么特别之处
I'll tell you what I find extraordinary about the works of art in this gallery.
我们知道是谁委任他们的，一个叫内巴蒙的人
We know who commissioned them, a man called Nebamun,
但内巴曼并不是那么重要
but Nebamun wasn't really that important.
事实上，他是个中级会计师
In fact, he was a middle-ranking accountant.
他真的是个精打细算的人
He was a bean counter, really.
但不知怎的，他说服了最重要的艺术家之一
And yet somehow, he persuaded one of the most important artists
他曾在古埃及装饰他的墓室
who ever worked in ancient Egypt to decorate his tomb chapel.
制♥作♥这幅画的人被描述为等同于古代的米开朗基罗
The man who made these has been described as antiquities' equivalent of Michelangelo.
这个场景是陵墓的杰作之一