古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

但与之相反，你看到的是一只骑在驴上的老鼠
but instead of that, you have a mouse riding just a donkey,
所以这就像是嘲弄...
so it's like a mockery...
或是一个非常有幽默感的抄写员
or a very high sense of humor of the scribe.
这些被丢弃的碎片...
These discarded fragments...
让我们一睹艺术家的内心想法
give us a glimpse into the inner thoughts of the artists--
机智、不尊重、自♥由♥
witty, irreverent, free.
它们与埃及艺术的刻板拘谨形成了可喜的对比
They offer a welcome contrast to the straight-laced formality of Egyptian art...
在开罗博物馆
and in the Cairo Museum,
还有更多精美的展品
there are even more exquisite examples.
这里有一只奇妙的狗
There's a wonderful dog here,
大量的观察出现在那张小画里
and there's tremendous observation that's gone into that small drawing,
你感觉到离艺术家的手真的很近
and you really feel close here to the artist's hand,
这是一个很棒的橱柜
and this is a really great cabinet.
你在这里看到所有品种
You see a whole variety here.
这是典型的陶片大主题
This is typical of a big theme of the ostraca.
一只用后腿站立的猫
You have a cat on its hind legs,
驱赶着一群鹅
driving a flock of geese.
在通常世界，我们的世界里
In the ordinary world, in our world,
猫追鹅，并吃掉它们
cats chase geese and eat them,
但在这里，它的作用被翻转了
but here it's been flipped on its head,
这只猫扮演了保护鹅的人类角色
and the cat's adopted a human role as the protector of the geese.
这是一个悖论
It's a paradox.
还有这里，在底部…
And the here, down here right at the bottom--
惊悚地显示了…
appallingly displayed--
陶片中最漂亮的那一块
is one of the most beautiful ostraca of all.
你可以看到这位女性音乐家
You can see this female musician
有着纤细优雅的四肢
with very slender, elegant limbs,
她的假发卷垂下来
the ringlets of her wig coming down,
然后是这件非常透明暴露的紧身连衣裙
and then this quite transparent, quite revealing clinging dress,
她在弹琵琶，而且是完全正对面的
and she's playing a lute, and she's fully frontal,
这在埃及艺术中非常罕见
which is quite rare in Egyptian art.
大多数人都是侧面显示
Mostly people are shown in profile,
你想到的第一件事就是这看起来很现代
and the immediate thing you think is that this just looks very modern.
感觉就像是莫迪利亚尼画的草图
It feels as though it could have been a sketch done by Modigliani
是在20世纪初的巴黎
in Paris at the beginning of the 20th century.
这里的情况很不稳定
Things are very volatile here,
这是它表现出来的方式之一
and one of the ways that that manifests itself
在这里我看到了很多这样的例子
is that all around the place I've seen lots of examples
非常令人兴奋的街头艺术，墙上的涂鸦
of really quite exciting street art, graffiti on the walls.
我不禁觉得陶片就是那种
I can't help thinking that the ostraca are the sort of
古代的涂鸦，这真的很有趣
ancient equivalent of graffiti, but this is really fascinating,
因为当代街头艺术家比如这位
because contemporary street artists like this one
又受到了古埃及艺术的影响和启发
have in turn been influenced and inspired by the art of ancient Egypt.
我遇到了画这幅涂鸦的艺术家阿♥拉♥·阿瓦提
I meet the artist who painted this graffiti Allah Awat.
你还记得你在孩提时期第一次看到古埃及艺术吗？
Do you remember when you were a boy and you first saw ancient Egyptian art?
你还记得你当时的感受吗？
Do you remember how you felt?
对我来说它就像是珍宝
实际上，当我看见图坦卡蒙，娜芙蒂蒂和娜芙塔丽…
那些艺术品，它令人惊叹
所以我想知道你是否受到了古埃及陶片的启发
So I wonder whether you've been at all inspired by the ancient Egyptian ostraca.
当然了
我受到了陶片的启发
我画过猫和老鼠的涂鸦
我受到它们的启发是因为埃及陶片，它确实是政♥治♥艺术
它是政♥治♥自♥由♥艺术
因为这位工匠，在他完成在寺庙或是陵墓里的工作之后
他回到家，然后如果他想要开开玩笑，或是取笑一下政♥府♥
他是自♥由♥的
所以这种自♥由♥的方式给了我很大的启发
我在开罗看到安♥拉♥的一个作品
One of Allah's works I saw in Cairo
画的是像拉美西斯二世这样的法老
shows a pharaoh like Ramesses II,
猛击埃及的敌人
smiting Egypt's enemies.
来自东方的其它文化的人
我们不喜欢埃及的这种变化，不喜欢埃及的这种文化
我们喜欢自己的文化
听起来你对埃及的过去非常自豪
It sounds to me like you're very proud of Egypt's past.@
当然了
因为这是我们的国家，是我们的历史
没有过去，我们无法了解自己
如果忘记过去，我们就找不到未来
埃及的过去告诉我们一件事：
One thing that Egypt's past does tell us
战争的胜利是要付出代价的
is that triumph in war comes at a price.
拉美西斯三世对抗敌人的战役
Ramesses III's campaigns against his enemies
导致了国内的经济灾难
led to economic disaster at home.
代尔麦地那的艺术家村庄
The artists' village at Deir el-Medina
成为了迫在眉睫的危机焦点
became the focal point for the looming crisis.
这一切都始于拖欠工匠酬劳和口粮
It all started when the workers' pay and rations were late,
结果，他们组织了历史上第一次有记录的罢♥工♥
and as a result, they organized the first recorded strike in history.
他们静♥坐♥示♥威♥，游♥行♥到皇家庙宇
They staged sit-ins, they marched on royal temples,
他们举♥行♥示♥威♥，并且发出抗♥议♥：
and they held demonstrations, and they were protesting
“我们又饿又渴，没有油了”
"We're hungry, we're thirsty, there's no more oil,
“没有鱼了，没有蔬菜了”
there's no more fish there's no more vegetables."
一名工匠甚至威胁要攻击一座皇家陵墓
One worker even threatened to attack a royal tomb,
这简直是亵渎神灵
which would have been total sacrilege.
最后，有人说拉美西斯三世
In the end, some say that Ramesses III
在公元前1155年被他的后宫成员们割喉
had his throat slit by members of his harem in about 1155 B.C.
这标志着埃及开始了长♥期♥缓慢地衰落
It marked the beginning of a long slow decline for Egypt.
我一直在思考古埃及历史的最后一千年
I've been thinking about this final millennium of ancient Egyptian history,
它经常被描写成一个政♥治♥分♥裂♥的时期
and it's often written off as a period of political fragmentation,
社会动荡，衰落
social turmoil, of decline.
那是一个权力斗争和入侵的混乱时期
It was a chaotic time of power struggles and invasions
这最终导致了法老的垮台
that ultimately brought about the downfall of the pharaohs.
经济上的衰退，这是尼罗河的馈赠
The economy was faltering, the gifts of the Nile
似乎已经凋零干枯了
seemed to have withered and dried up,
埃及似乎一直处于危险之中
and Egypt appeared to be in constant peril.
奇怪的是，就我们的历史而言
The curious thing, as far as our history is concerned,
所有这些冲突和困惑
is that all of this conflict and confusion
不时激发和振兴了埃及文化
sometimes galvanized and reinvigorated Egyptian culture.
许多入侵并统治这个国家的外国强人
Many of the foreign strongmen who invaded and came to dominate the country
想要表现得比埃及人更像埃及人
wanted to present themselves as more Egyptian than the Egyptians,
而尼罗河上的邻居更是如此
and none more so than their neighbors up the Nile,
努比亚人或库希特人
the Nubians or the Cushites,
我看到他们在拉美西斯二世脚下被践踏
who I saw being trampled underfoot beneath Ramesses II.
时来运转，库希特人
In a remarkable reversal of fortune, the Cushites,
来自今天苏丹的非洲人种
an African people from what is today Sudan,
在公元前750年左右占领了埃及
seized Egypt in around 750 B.C.
不出所料，我的下一个宝藏是一件努比亚艺术品
Not surprisingly, my next treasure is a piece of Nubian art,
在开罗博物馆，馆长穆♥罕♥默♥德♥·阿里
And at the Cairo Museum, the director Mohammed Ali
为我介绍了一个鲜为人知的文化复兴奇迹
is initiating me in the wonders of a little known cultural renaissance.
他的名字叫穆图伊哈特
His name is Mentuemhat,
他有各种头衔，比如卢克索首相
who took many titles, like the minister of Luxor.
你看，这是努比亚艺术
Look, this is Nubian art
这是努比亚的脸部艺术
this is Nubian art in the face.
在我们后面还有…
and here behind us, also...
穆图伊哈特儿子的雕像
the statue of the son of Mentuemhat here
你可以看出他像是埃及人
You can see him like an Egyptian
但是穆图伊哈特有一些属于非洲人的特征
but Mentuemhat has some features belonging to the African.
- 是的，他有 - 对，对
- Yes, he does. - Yeah, yeah.
你觉得呢？这是一张有特色的脸
Don't you think? It's a distinctive face.
看看脸部这里…
Look at the face here...
可他是首相，是卢克索的统治者
although he was a minister and ruler of Luxor,
你会发现他表现得像个国王一样
you find him representing himself like a king.
哪些地方是埃及人的
Which parts of it are Egyptian,
哪个地方更像努比亚人呢？
and which parts of it are more Nubian?
所有这些埃及艺术当然都是
All these are Egyptian art of course
但在努比亚艺术时期
but during Nubian art,
我们看到那张脸是不可思议的
we saw that the face was fantastic.
你总是会发现这张脸和所有埃及艺术品都不一样
Always you find the face different than all the Egyptian art.
你看看这里，就像这个人在说话…
You find here, like the man is speaking...
就像他正在对我们说话
like the man is speaking now for us.
你可以和他说话！
You can speaking with him!
- 我该说什么？ - 你可以和他谈谈，先生
- What shall I say? - You can speak with him, sir.
不行，我发现这很难
I can't. I'm finding it hard.
你最喜欢哪一个？
Which one do you like the most?
如果你必须选一个呢？你能选一个吗？
If you had to choose one? Can you choose one?
很多东西，其实这里所有的东西，我都喜欢
Many objects, in fact all the objects here, I love them.
但是这里，有一个，也许是我更喜欢的
But here, one object, maybe I love it more.
抄写员
The scribe.
因为如果你看到这个人…
Because if you look at this man...
你会对古埃及的艺术有所了解