古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

In this scene, which is one of the masterpieces of the tomb,
他和家人一起去打猎
he is out hunting with his family,
他们在捕猎鸟类
and they're hunting birds.
你可以看到它们后面有很多野生动物
You can see lots of wildlife behind them, a whole panoply,
混乱的活动现场
chaotic mass of activity.
草木
Vegetation.
蝴蝶在空中飞舞
Butterflies fluttering through the air.
这是对自然世界的一系列活动和观察
It's a flurry of activity and observation of the natural world
所以你可以在墓室的壁画中看到
which you see everywhere in the tomb chapel paintings.
比如这里，你让仆人抓着这些兔子
Like here, you've got servants clutching these hares
长长的天鹅绒般的耳朵
with very long, velvety ears.
它们的皮毛被仔细观测过
Their fur has been brilliantly observed.
但我最喜欢的墓室场景其实不是那一幕
But my favorite scene from the whole tomb chapel isn't actually that one.
就是这个，这是一个盛大的宴会场景
It's this, and it's a big banquet scene.
整个作品都带有一种毫不掩饰的色情♥色♥彩
And the whole piece is tinged with an unabashed eroticism.
你会看到一种性感，尤其是这种令人惊叹的
A sexiness which you see, particularly this amazing
女仆跳舞的场景
scene of servant girls dancing.
对于埃及艺术来说，这几近于喧闹了
It's almost, for Egyptian art, raucous.
你可以看到它们是迂回的，柔软的，轻盈的
You can see that they are sinuous and supple and lithe
弯曲，移♥动♥，旋转
and bending and moving and whirling,
在领子下有点热了
getting a bit hot under the collar.
还有，一个女人在吹双笛
And, um, there's one woman who's playing this double flute.
这在埃及艺术中非常罕见
And again, this is very rare in Egyptian art,
因为不是看到人们的典型侧面形象
because rather than seeing people in that classic profile appearance,
这些女性正面出现，脸对着脸
you have women here who appear frontal, they're face on,
而且她们的胳膊，就长笛演奏者的左臂而言
and their arms, in the case of the flute player's left arm,
实际上已经缩短了
have actually been foreshortened.
这很新颖，在埃及艺术的背景下，这感觉完全不同寻常
It's new. It feels completely unusual within the context of Egyptian art.
这是一个突然自♥由♥的时刻
It's a moment of sudden freedom
把你带到这个美妙的派对
that transports you to this wonderful party,
内巴蒙希望在他死后举办这个活动
which Nebamun was hoping to host after his death.
不愿被一个卑微的粮食会计超越
Not to be outdone by a lowly grain accountant,
底比斯市长把他对天堂的精炼概念
the Mayor of Thebes had his refined idea of paradise
雕刻在石灰岩峭壁上
carved into the limestone cliffs.
我想我不应该感到惊讶，这个国家的最高♥官♥员
I guess I shouldn't be surprised that the highest-ranking official in the land
负担得起他坟墓里的顶级艺术品
could afford top-notch art in his tomb,
但这里的雕刻令人叹为观止
but the carvings here are just breathtaking.
它们是如此美丽
They're so beautiful.
在你进入细节之前
And before you get into the nitty gritty of
这些人是谁，代表什么
who these people are, what they represent,
这些象形文字什么意思
what these hieroglyphs mean,
你会被雕刻的艺术所折服
you're just transported, dazzled by the artistry of the carving.
比如这里，看看这一小段
For example, here, just take this little passage.
这里有一系列不同的标记
There's an array of different marks,
非常到位
very precise,
非常精确
very accurate,
创造出这些不同图案的项链和各种假发
to create all of this different patterning of the necklace and the various wigs.
还有形成鲜明对比的光滑肉体
And then there's contrasting smooth flesh,
脸部的建模
with the modeling of the face,
它仅仅是由石头表面的
which has been created out of nothing more than just
平缓起伏创造出来的
gently undulating surface of the stone,
所以你能感觉到下巴和脖子之间的折痕
so you get a sense of the crease between the jaw and the neck,
并且环绕着鼻子
and around the nose.
这是用石头做的
And this is amazing in stone.
他成功创造出半透明与透明材料的效果
He's managed to create the impression of translucent diaphanous material
用坚硬的岩石
out of solid rock.
你可以看出这些是
And you can tell that these are
光鲜时髦的侍臣
glossy, fashionable courtiers, really,
穿着华丽的衣服
in all of their finery,
黑色眉毛、黑色眼睛
with this black eyebrow and black eye
都画在石灰石上面
which has been drawn on top of the limestone.
那里发生了什么还存在争议
And there's a debate about what's going on there,
因为坟墓还没完工
because the tomb's unfinished,
可能所有的东西都将会被画上去的
and it could be that everything would have been painted,
但还有另一种理论，这是最终的结果
but there's another theory, which is that this was the finished effect,
而我喜欢这一点，因为我认为这让它更加精致
and I like that, because it gives it, I think, extra refinement.
它有着极简主义的光辉
It has a minimalist splendor.
创造它的人，为此工作的雕刻家或雕塑家
The man who created this, the sculptor or sculptors who worked on it,
他们是能工巧匠
they were master craftsmen.
他们创作的艺术品是如此地精致
They've created a work of art with so much delicacy
风度、优雅、自信
and poise and refinement and confidence.
这些都是致力于自己行业的顶级艺术家
These are artists working at the very top of their game.
阿蒙霍特普三世死后
When Amenhotep the third died,
埃及是世界上从未见过的超级大国
Egypt was a superpower the likes of which the world had never seen.
但一切都要改变了
But everything was about to change.
公元前1350年左右，他的儿子继承了王位
When his son took the reins around 1350 B.C.,
埃及经历了一场革命
Egypt underwent a revolution.
在我看来
For my money,
阿蒙霍特普四世无疑是
Amenhotep the fourth is easily
整个埃及历史上最迷人、最具争议的人物
the most fascinating and controversial figure in the whole of Egyptian history.
他是个叛逆者
He was a rebel.
他被称为历史上的第一人
He was described as history's first individual.
他被称为异教♥徒♥国王
And he became known as the heretic king,
还有这个地方，美丽的卡纳克神庙
and this place, beautiful Karnak temple,
代表着他想要拒绝的一切
represents everything that he came to reject.
他拒绝了阿蒙神
He rejected the god Amun,
这座神殿是献给他的
to whom this temple is dedicated;
他拒绝了底比斯城
he rejected the city of Thebes,
这片圣地的所在地;
the site of this hallowed ground;
最重要的是，他拒绝了
and above all, he rejected
几个世纪以来埃及王权的艺术和观念
the art and ideology of centuries of Egyptian kingship.
阿蒙霍特普四世发动了埃及历史上最伟大的革命之一
Amenhotep the fourth instigated one of the greatest revolutions in the history of Egypt.
他扫除了埃及的宗教信仰…
He swept away Egypt's religion...
抛弃了成千上万的传统神灵…
abandoned thousands of traditional gods...
而是宣誓效忠唯一的太阳圆盘
And instead pledged allegiance to the one and only sun disk,
被称为阿吞神
known as the Aten.
为了向阿赫那吞表示敬意，他甚至改了自己的名字
He even changed his name in deference to Akhenaten,
意思是对阿吞有影响的
meaning effective for the Aten.
而他的新宗教需要截然不同的艺术
And his new religion required dramatically different art.
这是阿肯纳顿的卡纳克巨型雕像之一
This is one of the colossal statues from Karnak of Akhenaten,
它是古埃及历史上最奇特的艺术品之一
and it's got to be one of the strangest works of art in all of the history of ancient Egypt.
因为表面上，他以法老的形象出现在国王的传统伪装下
Because ostensibly, he appears as a pharaoh in the traditional guise of a king.
他有头饰，他有勾子和连枷
He's got the headdress, he's got the crook and the flail,
他穿着短裙
he's wearing his kilt,
这是一个正面的雕像
it's a very frontal statue.
但是…
But...
看看吧
just look at it.
奇怪
It's bizarre.
这里发生了一些怪事
Something odd is going on here.
一切都被扭曲和拉长了
Everything is distorted and elongated.
看起来几乎超现实
It looks almost surreal.
很怪诞
Quite grotesque.
你看他的脸，它被拉长了
If you look at his face, it's been stretched.
他有一个很长的鼻子，非常非常饱满的嘴唇;
He has a very long nose; very, very full lips;
稍微倾斜的眼睛
slightly slanting eyes set obliquely.
然后他的体格…
And then his physique is...
太奇怪了
so strange.
这是一种男人和女人的结合
It's a sort of combination of a man and a woman.
这里有肩膀，但之前真的很单薄
You have the shoulders but then it really thins before
膨胀到如此宽的臀部
swelling out to these broad hips,
这轻微的
and this slight,
不轻微，也不只是有点大腹便便
not slight, not just a hint of a paunch,
他的肚子在这里，耷拉在短裙上
he's got a belly here, which is sagging over the kilt,
再看看这些丰满的腿
going down to these plump legs.
真奇怪
And it's bizarre.
什么样的男人会想变成这样?
Who is the kind of man who wants to look like this?
他为什么要这样表现自己?
Why does he want to represent himself like this?
他有远见吗?
Was he a visionary?
他是彻底疯了吗?
Was he completely insane?
你看到这个，你会认为这仅是一个自大狂
You look at this and you think this isn't just a megalomaniac
想让自己看起来很强大，他就像个疯子，真的