古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

- You know him? - And he's called Bez.
- 没错 - 他是我最喜欢的埃及神
- That's right. - He is my favorite Egyptian god.
我真的… 喜欢
I really--I like that.
- 很棒 - 很可爱
- This is great. - Really lovely.
这件作品的细节非常特别
The detail on this piece is, is extraordinary.
你可以看看他的胡子部分
You can see the sort of parts of his beard.
它们是狮子耳朵吗?猫耳朵好像从旁边冒出来
Are they lion ears? Cat ears kind of coming out of the side.
那是尾巴还是大阴♥茎♥?
And is that a tail or a, a big penis?
我想这可能是条尾巴
I think it's probably a tail.
所以这很常见
So, this was quite common.
很常见，是的
Very common, yeah.
但这很有趣，因为你对阿玛纳的看法是全新的
But that's interesting, because you sort of have this vision of Amarna as being this new
宗教空间的一切都是关于崇拜太阳圆盘
religious space where it was all about just worshiping the sun disk,
但你说很多普通人仍然在崇拜
but you're saying that lots of ordinary people were still worshiping
被敬奉了几个世纪的普通神灵?
common gods that had been worshiped for centuries?
没错，有一股非常强烈的本国潮流
Absolutely. There was a, a tremendously strong current of domestic,
崇拜贯穿整个阿玛纳时期
uh, worship that continued throughout the Amarna period.
而且在墓地里一个太阳圆盘的体现都没有
And there's not a single representation of the sun disk at the cemetery,
也不提起阿赫那吞
nor, nor mention of Akhenaten on,
或是戒指，或者圣甲虫什么的
on finger rings or scarabs or anything.
这就是继续正常的生活
This was life continuing as normal.
这说明了他的权力吗?
What does that tell us about his power?
它或许告诉我们阿玛纳普通民众
Or what does it tell us of the interest of the ordinary people
对国王以及他的变革的兴趣
of Amarna in the king and in his revolution?
没有人♥民♥的支持
Without the support of the people,
没有人支持阿赫那吞的愿景
there was nobody to uphold Akhenaten's vision
他在位不到二十年就去世了
when he died after less than two decades on the throne
他的变革宣告结束
and his revolution came crashing to an end.
他作为一个疯子、自大狂和暴君载入史册
He's gone down in history as a madman, a megalomaniac, and a tyrant.
但对我来说，他是一个强大而勇敢的改良者
But for me, he was a powerful and brave reformer.
我必须承认，阿赫那吞的故事非常激动人心
I have to admit that I find the story of Akhenaten completely thrilling.
他是一个令人信服的人物
He's such a compelling figure.
他是个有远见的人，也是个叛逆者
He was a visionary and a rebel,
但他也算是个先知
but he was also a prophet of sorts.
想象一下会发生什么吧
And just imagine what would have happened
如果他那崇拜太阳神阿吞（太阳圆盘）的新宗教开始盛行的话
if his new religion worshiping the Aten, the sun disk, had taken hold.
今天，也许我们说起“阿吞主义”
Today, maybe we'd talk about Atenism
如同我们也会提及其它伟大的一神论信仰
in the same breath as we mention other great monotheistic faiths
像是犹太教、伊♥斯♥兰♥教和基♥督♥教
like Judaism and Islam and Christianity.
但最终，他的远见太耀眼了
But ultimately, his vision burned just too brightly.
这与普通人的联♥系♥过于激烈了
It was too fierce to connect with ordinary people.
那不可思议的冷酷无情
The starkness and austerity of that inscrutable,
万能的太阳圆盘炽热地照耀着下面的人
omnipotent sun disk blazing down on the people below,
那一定像是
that must have seemed
最终对古埃及人来说是一颗死亡之星
ultimately to the ancient Egyptians as much a kind of death star
也是生命的赐予者
as a giver of life.
阿赫那吞死后不久
Shortly after Akhenaten died,
他的城市被埃及的新统治者抛弃
his city was abandoned by Egypt's new ruler,
即图坦卡吞法老的孩子
the child pharaoh Tutankhaten.
阿肯纳顿的儿子在年仅9岁时就登上了王位
Akhenaten's son was installed on the throne at the tender age of 9.
不像他父亲发起了一场变革
Unlike his father, who'd initiated a revolution,
图坦卡吞开始了一项重建计划
Tutankhaten set about a program of restoration.
他发布了一份公告，哀叹诸神已经抛弃了埃及
He issued a proclamation lamenting the fact that the gods had abandoned Egypt.
他夸口说他重建了被毁的地方
He boasted that he rebuilt what was ruined
并且驱散了这两个地方的混乱
and drove away chaos throughout the two lands.
他的统治见证了埃及传统文化的重生
His reign witnessed the rebirth of traditional Egyptian culture
以及旧时诸神的复兴
and a revival of the gods of the old.
事实上，出于对阿蒙神的尊重
In fact, in deference to the god Amun,
他甚至把自己的名字从图坦卡吞
he even changed his name from Tutankhaten
改为图坦卡蒙
to Tutankhamun.
这种感觉很奇怪，因为…
This is quite a strange sensation, because
图坦卡蒙是所有法老中最著名的
Tutankhamun is the most famous of all the pharaohs.
他是历史上的伟人
He's this towering figure in history.
可他的坟墓很小
And yet his tomb's tiny.
他在帝王谷没有多少地♥产♥
He didn't get a lot of real estate here in the Valley of the Kings.
这就是前厅
This was the antechamber.
我看过它的照片，它看起来有点像旧货商店，跳蚤市场
I've seen photographs of it. It looked a bit like a kind of a junk shop, a flea market.
里面全是零零碎碎的东西
It was just full of bits, bits and bobs,
就像一个富婆的阁楼之类的
like a very rich granny's attic or something.
这就是他
This is him.
这才是真正的他
This is genuinely him.
就像找到被藏在阁楼里的多里安·格雷的画像
It's like finding the portrait of Dorian Gray hidden in the attic.
不管怎么说，这里的坟墓有点不光彩
Slightly ignominious tomb, anyway, in here now.
我是说，这可怜的家伙只能休息了…
I mean, the poor guy's left to rest--
在下面…
beneath--
在这个石头凿成的墓穴里，闭路电视摄像头盯着他
in this rock-cut tomb with this sort of CCTV camera looking at him,
一些蜘蛛网
few spiders' webs.
你觉得他应该有个更舒适的地方休息
You feel like he deserves a sort of gentler resting place.
我最后的宝藏可能有点明显
My final treasure is perhaps a little obvious,
但仍然是完全不可抗拒的
but still utterly irresistible.
但我想知道，是否有可能看到一件艺术品
I wonder, though, whether it's possible to see a work of art
和图坦卡蒙的黄金面具一样出名
as famous as the golden mask of Tutankhamun
具有鲜活的眼睛
with fresh eyes.
图坦卡蒙的面具不仅是古代最著名的面孔
The mask of Tutankhamun isn't just the most famous face of antiquity,
这张脸可以说是有史以来最著名的一张了
it's arguably the most famous face of all time.
由纯金制成
Fashioned from solid gold
用宝石和彩色玻璃装饰
and decorated with precious stones and colored glass,
它已经成为异国情调的象征
it's become an emblem of the exoticism,
古埃及艺术丰富性和品质的象征
the opulence, and the quality of ancient Egyptian art.
但对我来说，这个面具有双重的光彩
But for me, this mask is dazzling in a double sense.
它很壮观，但也很眩目
It's spectacular but it's also blinding.
这是因为从历史的角度来看，图坦卡蒙是一个无足轻重的人物
And that's because in historical terms, Tutankhamun was a bit of a non-entity.
他是一个软弱的少年国王，没能挺过青春期
He was this weakling boy king who didn't make it out of his teens.
因此，他被誉为最著名的法老
So, his reputation as the most famous pharaoh of them all
这是艺术变革性力量的结论
is the result of the transformative power of art.
图坦卡蒙征服了永恒不是因为他自己的功绩，而是因为…
Tutankhamun conquered eternity not because of his own exploits but because--
古埃及艺术黄金时期为他工作的工匠大♥师♥
the master craftsmen who worked for him during the golden age of ancient Egyptian art
能召唤出这样强有力的王权形象
were capable of summoning potent images of kingship like this
这一点从未被超越
that have never been surpassed.
我即将结束埃及黄金时代的旅程
I'm at the end of my journey through Egypt's golden age,
我对所见之物感到惊讶和感动
and I'm surprised and moved by what I've seen.
在浮华和光泽的外壳下
Beneath the carapace of glitz and sheen
是感动…
is a touching
偶尔还有脆弱的人类精神
and occasionally vulnerable human spirit.
在新王国中期
During the middle of the New Kingdoms,
古埃及艺术达到了空前的奢华和辉煌
ancient Egyptian art reached uncharted summits of luxury and magnificence,
但我也发现了别的东西，不那么光鲜的东西
but I've discovered something else as well, something a little bit less shiny.
森乌塞特三世的内心想法
The inner thoughts of Senwosret the third,
哈特谢普苏特国王的私人空间
the private spaces of King Hatshepsut's,
阿赫那吞亲密而非正式的家庭场景
the intimate informal domestic scenes of Akhenaten.
在我来埃及之前，我凝视着图坦卡蒙的脸
Before I came to Egypt, I stared into the face of Tutankhamun
我看到了一副坚硬的权力面具
and I saw a rigid mask of power.
但现在我感觉到了一些更温柔更脆弱的东西
But now I sense something a little softer and more vulnerable as well,
因为最终，这个面具有一种影响深远的自然主义
because ultimately, there's an affecting naturalism to this mask.
这不仅仅是国王的形象
It isn't just the image of a king,
这也是一个男孩的肖像
it's also the portrait of a boy.
下一回
Next time,
超级大国的衰落
the decline of a superpower.
埃及屈服于经济冲突和外国入侵
Egypt succumbs to economic strife and foreign invasion,
但它的艺术遵循着大胆和令人兴奋的新方向
but its art follows daring and exciting new directions.