古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

but he was a man of culture.
他身边有很多伟大的艺术家
He had great artists in his entourage,
比如利西普斯和阿普利乌斯
people like Lysippus and Apuleius,
他生活在古典艺术这个新阶段的开端
and he lived at the beginning of this new phase in classical art,
即所谓的希腊风格
the so-called Hellenistic style,
这个宏大的，雷鸣般的，激昂的，几乎是巴洛克式的艺术
this great, thunderous, tumultuous, almost baroque type of art
完全不同于
that couldn't be more different
那种井然有序的，有时相当保守的埃及艺术传统
from that ordered and sometimes quite restrained tradition of Egyptian art.
所以我很想知道到底发生了什么
So I'm really intrigued to find out what happened
当这两种风格结合在一起时
when those two styles came together.
它们是碰撞，还是融合
Did they clash, or did they fuse,
而最终，哪一个胜出了呢？
and ultimately, which one won out?
为了找到答案，我必须暂时离开埃及
To find the answer, I must briefly leave Egypt.
我回到柏林的埃及博物馆
I return to the Egyptian Museum in Berlin,
举世闻名的娜芙提蒂半身像的所在地
home to the world-famous bust of Nefertiti.
这次，我是来参观一件不太出名的艺术品
This time, I'm here to see a less well-known work of art.
我估计任何人看到这头像都会承认
I defy anyone looking at this head to deny
它是世界雕塑的杰作
that it is a masterpiece of world sculpture.
这是一幅中年秃头男子的半身雕塑像
Now it's a portrait of a middle-aged bald man,
可能是牧师
probably a priest,
是用一种叫做杂砂岩的高度抛光的坚硬石头做的
and it's made from this highly polished hard stone called greywacke,
头像比我预想的要小一点
and it's slightly smaller than I'd expected.
它比真人小
It's less than life size,
但它仍然浓缩了各种表情和活力
but it is still this ball of concentrated expression and energy.
此处有一种强烈的个性感
There's such a powerful sense of character here.
他目光犀利，就像一个政♥治♥恶人
He has this fierce gaze like a political bruiser
他的厚嘴唇让人觉得他打算争辩或抗♥议♥
and those heavy lips that feel like he's about to argue or remonstrate.
在任何时候，他都要跟我们说话
At any minute, he's about to speak to us,
所以这就像是现代意义上的肖像画
so that it feels like portraiture in a modern sense,
是我们今天可以理解的意义
in a sense that we would understand today.
它拥有所有埃及人的特质
You've got all of these Egyptian traits,
比如用来支撑的背柱，轮廓分明的眼睛
like the supporting back pillar, his outlined eyes,
光滑的头部
that smooth bald head,
但还是有别的什么东西
but you have something else, as well,
来自地中海和其它地方的艺术的影响
the influence of art from the Mediterranean and elsewhere
在现实主义的意义上
in that sense of realism.
鱼尾纹，皱褶，沟纹
The crow's feet, the wrinkles, the furrows,
对我来说最重要的是
and most important for me,
展现出皮肤既柔软又紧绷的方式
the way that this skin is soft and supple yet stretched tight
遍及他头部表皮的所有不同的部位
across all of these different divots of his cranium.
这是一件很棒的雕塑
That is a brilliant piece of sculpture,
从这个意义上说，它完美融合了...
and in that sense he is this wonderful amalgamation of...
两种不同的传统
two different traditions
而这两者通常不太协调
that usually didn't really go very well together.
所以如果你仍然质疑
So if you still have questions about...
古埃及艺术的枯燥无味
the lifelessness supposedly of ancient Egyptian art,
那就问问我们这位老兄吧
just ask our chap here
因为我猜他会给你一个简短的回答
because I suspect he'd give you an answer that would be curt
但你会觉得很有说服力
but which you'd find pretty persuasive.
“绿头”是一部真正的杰作
"The Green Head" is a genuine masterpiece,
但它并没有预示着埃及艺术的新黎明
but it didn't herald a new dawn for Egyptian art,
我有个理论，我们称之为埃及狂热症
and I've got a theory, that what we call Egyptomania,
对法老神奇隐秘世界的迷恋
that fascination with the magical and mysterious world of the pharaohs,
其实在古代很早以前就开始了
actually began long ago in antiquity itself.
早在拿破仑、英国贵族或希♥特♥勒♥
Long before Napoleon, English lords, or Hitler
痴迷于埃及的宝藏之前
became obsessed by Egyptian treasures,
统治埃及的外国征服者
the foreign conquerors who ruled Egypt
同样被这个伟大国家的过去所激励和诱惑
were equally inspired and seduced by the past of this great country.
在托勒密王朝统治下，埃及文化回归到
Under the Ptolemies, Egyptian culture returned
它的古老根源
to its archaic roots again.
没有模仿雅典的古典风格
Instead of mimicking the classical style of Athens,
他们为埃及建造了美丽的神庙
they gave Egypt beautiful temples,
在那里，古代的法老会感到很自在
where the pharaohs of old would have felt quite at home.
我的下一个宝藏是其中最伟大的一个
My next treasure is one of the greatest of these,
位于艾得夫的荷鲁斯神庙…
the Temple of Horus at Edfu...
由希腊人建造
built by the Greeks...
但献给埃及最古老和最受尊敬的神之一
but dedicated to one of Egypt's oldest and most revered gods,
猎鹰荷鲁斯
Horus the falcon.
看看托勒密王朝是如何接受
It's fascinating to see how the Ptolemies embraced
埃及久负盛名的视觉语言又焕发出新的活力
Egypt's well-established visual language With new vigor.
他们需要强大的埃及祭司站在他们这边
They needed the powerful Egyptian priests on their side,
还有什么比给他们一座华丽的神庙更好的呢？
so what better than to give them a splendid temple?
这可能是埃及保存最完好的神庙
This is probably the best preserved temple in Egypt,
它给人们留下了宏伟壮观的神庙的美好印象
and it provides this wonderful impression of the grandeur of the temples
古埃及人自己也经历过
that was experienced by the ancient Egyptians themselves
因为每个表面都覆盖着装饰
because every surface is covered with decoration.
你可以看到这些华丽的浮雕品
You can see these sumptuous sunk relief carvings
事实上，在某些地方，还有颜料的痕迹
and actually, in places, traces of pigment.
所有这些都是彩色显示
All of this would have been a polychrome display,
华丽的视觉
visually magnificent,
这个带柱廊的廷院有一处细节是我特别喜欢的
and there's a detail about this colonnaded court that I particularly like,
因为每一列石柱的柱顶都不一样
which is that each of the capitals on the columns is different,
工匠们也很喜欢这些柱顶的装饰
and the craftsmen have relished the decoration of those capitals.
它们的独特性如同雪花一样，非常漂亮
They're as individual as a snowflake, they're beautiful,
在这边
and over here,
还有一座巨大的黑色花岗岩雕像...
there's a surviving colossal black granite statue...
那是猎鹰神荷鲁斯
of the falcon god Horus,
戴着古埃及的双冠
wearing the double crown of ancient Egypt,
上埃及和下埃及的结合
Upper and Lower Egypt combined,
它融合了神性和王权
and it fuses divinity and kingship.
这是一件非常有力的作品
It's a very powerful piece.
一件非常漂亮的作品，圆润
It's a very beautiful piece, sleek.
我打赌布兰库西也会喜欢这种东西的
I bet Brancusi would have loved something like this.
如果你看看它的表情
If you have a look at his expression,
我想它看起来有点暴躁
he looks slightly grumpy I think.
也许它的悲伤是因为原地不动
Perhaps he's sad that he's rooted to the spot
不能起飞，翱翔于庙宇之上
and can't take off and soar above the temple.
看啊，荷鲁斯来了，看啊
Oh, look there's Horus. Look, look, look.
就像所有埃及神庙一样
As in all Egyptian temples,
中心是圣所，最神圣的地方
the centerpiece is the sanctuary, the holy of holies.
里面有荷鲁斯圣船的复♥制♥品
It contains a replica of Horus' sacred boat,
但如果你看这里的后面
but if you look over here right at the back,
这可能是神庙里最能揭示真♥相♥的手工艺品
you've got possibly the most revealing artifact in the temple
因为它是神庙最古老的部分
because this thing is the oldest part of the temple,
它全然不是起始于托勒密时期
and it doesn't date from the Ptolemaic period at all.
它一定是神殿的神龛
It must have been the shrine of the temple
就在现在的神庙建成之前的地方
that was on this site before the current temple was built,
它很有启发意义，托勒密王朝决定保留它
and it's highly instructive that the Ptolemies have decided to keep it
因为这是他们的意图声明
because this is a statement of intent on their part.
他们说：
They're saying...
“我们想让埃及的过往延续下去”
that "We want to feel continuous with Egypt's past."
走这里吗？
This way?
真是幸运
This is a piece of luck really.
我碰到了穆♥罕♥默♥德♥，神庙的首席巡查员
I've bumped into Mohammed, the chief inspector of the temple,
然后…
and...
他提出带我走这条特别的路线
he's offered to take me this special route, which looks like it involves,
实际上是沿着神庙的墙爬上去
well, actually clambering up the side of the wall of the temple
从上面看个清楚
to get a proper view from the top.
它很特别，因为人们通常不会看到它
It's quite special because people don't normally see this.
继续走吗？
Keep on going?
这有点吓人
It's a little bit hairy that.
多么美妙的景色啊
What a fantastic vista.
这是个绝佳位置，去去感受一下
This is a great vantage point to get a sense of the plan,
神庙的布局
the layout of the temple.
你可以看到这座巨大的楼塔
You can see this mass of the pylon,
有柱廊的庭院
the colonnaded court.
这是一座壮观的神庙
I mean, it's a spectacular temple,
我来说说我觉得奇怪之处，它建造于…
but I tell you what I find quite curious about it is that this was built...
托勒密王朝统治时期的180年间
over a period of around about 180 years during the reigns of the Ptolemies,
他们是希腊马其顿人
who were Greek Macedonian,
我还以为能看到某些希腊风格的证据