古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

这里我们看到了一只被捕获的鹅
and here we see one of the captured geese, yeah.
这是一个极好的片段
So this is a great fragment, this.
- 非常好，是的 - 有很多线索关于它发生了什么
- It is a great--yeah. - It's got a lot of clues as to what was going on,
当然，你可以用这个碎片
but of course, you can actually use this fragment
巧妙地重建它本来的样子
as quite a clever way of reconstructing what this would have looked like.
- 的确 - 因为埃及艺术经常采用这种形式的对称，对吗？
- Exactly. - Because Egyptian art often employs symmetry in that fashion, doesn't it?
没错，这就是我要在这幅画中尝试的
That's right. That's what I'm going to try and do in in this painting.
很好
Great. OK.
我能看出你已经开始画大纲了
Um, I can see that you've made a start at sort of doing the outlines.
是的，我们要做的是用一种
Yes. What they would have done here is outline
很薄的红色颜料勾勒出基本的设计
the basic design in a kind of very thin red paint.
那你准备好继续画大纲了，你现在准备好了吗?
So you're ready to carry on with the outlining then, are you now with that?
对
Yep.
好的，那我继续了
Right. I'll just continue this.
和它一起工作是什么感觉？
What's it like to work with this?
实际上非常好
It's actually really nice.
它是如此简单，如此直接
It's so simple, so direct.
里奥的再创作让我们重新审视
Leo's re-creation makes us reconsider
人们把埃及人看作是原始的
old prejudices about the supposedly primitive,
二维的风格的旧偏见
two-dimensional style of the Egyptians.
你觉得埃及艺术和后期的艺术
Do you feel that Egyptian art is as good
一样好吗？
as art from later periods?
- 哦，是的 - 你真的相信吗？
- Uh, yeah. - Do you really believe that?
品质与技术无关
The quality is not to do with technique.
品质与意图相关 最好的埃及……
Quality is to do with intention. The best Egypt--
我不相信你会这么想
I don't believe you think that.
是的，最好的埃及艺术是非常强大的
I do. The best Egyptian art is very powerful,
它有它的确定性
and it has a certainty to it.
情况就是这样
This is the way things had to be,
情况总是这样的
this is the way things will always be.
你觉得我们会把它忽略掉吗？
Do you think that we slightly write it off?
是的，它变得难以察觉
Yes, we do. It becomes invisible
是因为它看起来像外星人，太重复了
because its so alien-looking, it's so repetitive.
它太程式化了
It's so stylized,
人们已经不再关注它了
people have stopped looking at it.
所以我认为，现代人很容易对它不屑一顾
So it's easy, I think, for modern people to be slightly dismissive of this
因为它似乎是重复的，有点沉闷
because it might seem repetitive, slightly stifling,
不是特别自♥由♥，但事实上
not particularly free, but in fact,
它是另一种东西
it's something else.
它非常强大
It's hugely strong.
非常有力
It's very powerful.
它创造了一些神奇的图像
It makes for some magical images.
现在我们回到古老王国的三个兄弟的故事
Now we return to the tale of our three Old Kingdom brothers,
斯奈法鲁的儿子们
the sons of Snefaru.
第三个孩子决心不让他的兄弟姐妹胜过他
The third was determined not to be outdone by his siblings
并留下了独一无二的艺术遗产
and left an artistic legacy like none other.
我给你个提示
I'll give you a clue.
他的名字叫胡夫，就在离这里很近的地方
His name was Khufu, and very close to here,
他创作了历史上最令人惊叹的艺术作品之一
he created one of the most awe-inspiring works of art in history.
从那时起，它就吸引了全世界的目光
It's something that's fascinated the world ever since,
它带来的问题和答案一样多
and it still throws up as many questions as it does answers.
我曾希望像阿♥拉♥伯的劳伦斯一样
I had hoped to approach this treasure riding
骑马穿越沙漠去接近这个宝藏
across the desert like Lawrence of Arabia.
如果幸运的话，我想我们会
If we're lucky, I think we're going to get quite
在这条路的尽头一眼看到它
a good glimpse of it down the end of this road,
没有它，关于古埃及的宝藏系列就不完整
and no series about the treasures of ancient Egypt would be complete without it,
尤其是因为它是唯一幸存的古代世界奇迹
not least because it is the only surviving wonder of the ancient world.
大金字塔和巨石阵是在同一时期建造的
The Great Pyramid was built around the same time as Stonehenge,
巨石阵被认为是英国史前奇迹
considered prehistoric miracle back in Britain,
但当我探索了金字塔的内部运作方式后
but as soon as I explore the inner workings of the pyramid,
我就清楚并没有什么争议了
it becomes clear there's no contest.
进入金字塔是一种怪异的也是变化的经历
It's an eerie and also quite transformative experience coming into the pyramid
因为首先，你要通过这条狭窄的通道
because, to begin with, you go through this squeezed passage.
这有点像在一个巨大的产道里向上走
Bit like walking upwards through a giant birth canal or something
然后在另一个世界里重生一样
before being reborn in another realm altogether.
你走进这个空间，感觉就像一座现代主义大教堂
You hit this space, which feels like a modernist cathedral.
我仿佛是在科幻城市的自动扶梯上
I could be on an escalator on some sci-fi city.
当然，我正走向来世
Certainly I'm heading up towards the hereafter,
走向国王的房♥间
up towards the king's chamber.
我发现不可思议的是几分钟前
I find it impossible to think that minutes ago
我站在外面沙漠的阳光下
I was standing outside in the desert sun,
现在突然之间
and now all of a sudden,
我就在这个空旷之内
I'm in this echoing space,
就位于大金字塔的中心
which is at the center of the Great Pyramid,
坦白说，非常令人兴奋
which is frankly quite exciting,
但更重要的是，这是古王国的中心
but more than that, this is the epicenter of the Old Kingdom,
我们对胡夫了解不多
and we don't know all that much about Khufu,
为他而建的人
the man for whom this was built,
但我认为这不仅仅是一个人的纪念碑
but I think of this not just as a monument to one man.
这是一种文明的表现
This is an expression of a civilization
如此的成熟、自信
that was so sophisticated, confident.
这是一种几千年前的力量
What an emanation of power from thousands of years ago,
这个空间感觉如此现代
and this space feels so contemporary.
金字塔给人的感觉就像山脉一样古老
The pyramids feel as old as mountains.
很难了解它们是如何建造的
It's hard to fathom how they were ever built.
陈腐的回答是，胡夫是一个邪恶的暴君
The hackneyed answer is that Khufu was an evil tyrant
他剥削成千上万的奴隶来建造
who exploited thousands of slaves to construct
自己虚荣的坟墓…
his vainglorious tomb...
但最近发现的建造金字塔的
but the recent discovery of the graves of the workers
工人坟墓揭穿了这个神话
who built the pyramids debunks this myth.
这一发现可能是20世纪最重要的发现
This discovery could be the most important discovery on the 20th century
因为这是第一次告诉我们关于金字塔的建造者
because telling us for the first time about the builder of the pyramids.
你知道国王和王后
You know things about kings and queens,
官员的坟墓
tombs of officials,
但你从来没有发现任何关于建造金字塔的工人的信息
but you never discovered anything about the workmen who built the pyramids.
当你开始挖的时候，你在这里发现了什么？
When you started digging, what did you discover here?
真的很神奇
It's really amazing.
他们用建造金字塔的余料建造了坟墓
They built the tombs from what's leftover of building the pyramids.
意味着每个工人都会留下一块花岗岩或石灰石
Means every work man will save a piece of granite or limestone
来建造他的坟墓
to build his tomb.
每个坟墓下面都有一具骷髅
Underneath each tomb, there is a skeleton,
在骷髅的手里会有一个瓶子
and in the hand of the skeleton, you'll have a bottle,
一个装啤酒的容器
a vessel for beer
因为他在来世要喝啤酒
because he has to drink beer in the afterlife.
实际上这里也有做面包的地方
Then actually here also you have areas for making bread.
所以他们受到照顾了？
Sooke: So they were looked after?
他们每天吃肉
They ate meat every day.
他们并不是我们所想的奴隶吗？
They were not slaves then as we might think?
不是，如果他们是奴隶
No. If they were slaves,
他们不可能会被葬在金字塔旁边
they will never be buried beside the pyramids.
这地方不是给奴隶的
This is cannot be a place for slaves.
这是一个有组织的社区
This is an organized community
供人们生活、吃喝
of people living, eating, drinking.
有一个问题我很想问扎伊
There's one question I really want to put to Zahi.
你是否认为，与其说金字塔
Is it possible do you think to consider the pyramid
是一件不朽的建筑作品
not so much as a work of monumental architecture
不如说它是一件艺术品呢？
but as a work of art?
是一件艺术品
It is a work of art.
建造金字塔，金字塔本身
Building the pyramid, the pyramid itself,
金字塔内部的设计
the design of the interior of the pyramid,
坟墓里的雕像，国王的雕像
the statues in the tombs, the statues of the kings.
这是一种艺术的结合，帮助国王成为神
It is a combination of art to help the king to be a god,
是为了追求永生
and that's really for the quest of immortality.
古埃及的艺术不是为了艺术
Art in ancient Egypt was not for the sake of art,
古埃及的艺术是为了宗教
but art in ancient Egypt was for the sake of religion.
无论是艺术作品还是宗教信仰
Whether it's a work of art or of religious faith,
大金字塔都是很难效仿的…
the Great Pyramid is a pretty hard act to follow...
但胡夫的儿子哈夫拉试了试
but Khufu's son Khafra had a go.
哈夫拉修建了这条巨大的堤道
Khafra built this enormous causeway
将他的金字塔和下面的山谷神庙连接起来
that connected his pyramid with his valley temple down here,