古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

它是为了纪念德约泽的坟墓和陵园而建造的
which was built to mark the tomb and the funerary enclosure of Djoser,
第三王朝的第一位国王
the first king of the Third Dynasty,
在此过程中，他开创了金字塔时代
and in doing so, he ushered in the pyramid age
有三位皇家兄弟制♥作♥了三件
when three royal brothers produced my next three
非常独特的珍宝
very distinctive treasures.
这三件宝物预示着埃及艺术时代的到来
These three treasures herald the coming of age of Egyptian art.
第一件宝物在塞达克南部被发现
The first was discovered to the south of Saqqara
即美杜姆古遗址
at the ancient site of Meidum.
这三兄弟的父亲被认为是斯奈法鲁
The father of the three brothers is thought to be Snefaru,
古王国的第一任法老
the first pharaoh of the Old Kingdom.
斯奈法鲁完成了这座雄伟的金字塔
Snefaru completed this imposing pyramid,
但我的下一个宝藏是在他儿子附近的
but my next treasure was found in his son's more modest
一个更简陋的泥墓中发现的
mud mastaba tomb nearby.
1871年，伟大的法国考古学家奥古斯特·马里埃特
In 1871, the great French archaeologist Auguste Mariette
在这里挖掘
was excavating here,
当他的埃及考古队打开我脚下的陵墓
and when his team of Egyptian workers opened up this tomb beneath me
他们的灯笼照亮了黑暗之时
and shone their lanterns into the darkness,
他们突然发现有4只眼睛在盯着他们
they suddenly saw 4 eyes staring back at them,
于是他们惊恐地逃跑了
and they fled in terror.
因为他们刚刚与他们的古埃及祖先面对面
because they'd just come face to face with their ancient Egyptian ancestors,
他们被埋在这里，似乎已经活了4000多年
who appeared to be alive more than 4,000 years after they were buried here.
最终他们敢于挖掘出来的非凡艺术品
The extraordinary work of art they finally dared to dig out
现在在埃及博物馆里
is now in the Egyptian Museum.
嗯，他在这里，国王的儿子拉霍特普王子
Well, here he is, the king's son Prince Rahotep
留着弗雷迪小胡子
with his Freddie Mercury tash
以及他深爱的妻子诺夫赖特
alongside his beloved wife Nofret,
这个名字意味着美丽
who's name means the beautiful one,
我认为这两座雕塑体现了古王国艺术的许多特点
and I think both sculptures embody a number of attributes of Old Kingdom art.
这种艺术让人感觉简单、有自♥制♥力
This is art that feels simple, it's self-possessed,
也很稳重
and it's stable.
很适合永恒
It's fit for eternity,
这两座雕塑的复♥制♥品我都看过很多次了
and I've seen both of these sculptures many times in reproduction,
但我一直不明白它们的力量
but I've never quite understood their power
直到见到它们的本尊
until seeing them for real
因为复♥制♥品不能正确地向你展示它们的眼睛
because the reproductions don't show you properly the eyes.
因为那双眼精彩纷呈
Because the eyes are spectacular.
它们是由水晶制成
They're made of rock crystal,
当你从侧面看时
and when you see them from the side,
它们是半透明的
there's translucence to them.
它们有一种果冻般的质地
They have a jelly-like quality
闪闪发光的感觉
and a shimmering, sparkling feel.
如此逼真地再现眼睛镜片的技术
The skill in re-creating the lenses of the eyes
令人惊叹
so authentically is breathtaking.
都说眼睛是灵魂的窗户
It's said the eyes are windows to the soul,
这些眼睛使这些雕像有了生气
and these ones certainly animate these statues.
我很喜欢你的个性
I quite like the way that you have little flickers of individuation.
所以如果你看一下拉霍特普的额头
So if you have a look at the brow of Rahotep,
你就能辨认出皱纹
you can just make out the furrows.
他看起来有点焦虑
It looks like he's ever so slightly anxious.
我知道这只是对真人的投影
I know this is just projecting onto them,
但我觉得他不是这段关系中最重要的人
but I like to think that he's not really the most important person in this relationship.
他有点焦虑因为他的妻子
He's a little bit anxious because his wife,
她就像是老板
she seems like the boss.
她是掌权当家的
She's the one who wears the trousers.
我估计诺夫赖特是很难伺候的
I reckon Nofret was quite high-maintenance.
就好像拉霍特普和诺夫赖特的灵魂
It's almost as if the souls of Rahotep and Nofret
将永远活在他们的雕像中
will live forever in their statues
就像埃及人所希望的那样
just as the Egyptians intended.
源自古王国的艺术启发了埃及
Art from the Old Kingdom inspired one of Egypt's
最著名的艺术家亚当·哈宁
most celebrated artists Adam Hanin
成为雕塑家
to become a sculptor.
你认为是什么让古王国的艺术
What do you think makes the art that was produced
如此特别?
in the Old Kingdom so special?
我是说，古王国非常、非常重要
I mean, the Old Kingdom is very, very important,
我认为这是最重要的时期
and I feel it's the most important period
因为在这一时期…
because its in the period...
人们发现了埃及风格
when they discovered the Egyptian style.
人们通常更喜欢艺术家的第一个作品或第一年
People prefer usually artists' first work or first years
因为这是发现的年份
because this is the years of discovery.
在这之后，你学到了技巧
After this, he get the technique,
形成了风格，这是一种重复
he get the style, and there is a kind of repetition
就像在埃及艺术中发生的一样
exactly as what happened in the Egyptian art.
古埃及艺术对你自己的作品有多大影响？
How much of an influence has ancient Egyptian art been on your own work?
发现
Discovering.
发现是非常重要和强大的东西
Discovering is something very important and very strong.
从自然形态到风格化形态的变化
The changing of form from natural form to stylized,
当你看到这个的时候，这是非常伟大的
and when you see this, this is something very great,
有生气的，活生生的东西
something alive, something active,
所以对我来说，这是比其它时期更令人印象深刻的东西
so it's very, very impressive more than the other periods for me.
我的第五件宝物是一幅画
My fifth treasure is a painting,
它也是古埃及人通过艺术追求不朽的产物
and it, too, was born of the ancient Egyptians' quest for immortality via art.
这位艺术家想要创造的是一幅农业天堂的景象
The artist set out to create a vision of an agricultural paradise,
给人带来来世的安宁和富足
offering peace and plenty in the afterlife.
我的宝藏是在米德姆发现的
My treasure was discovered at Meidum
在拉霍特普兄弟奈弗玛特妻子的坟墓里
in the tomb of the wife of Rahotep's brother Nefermaat.
令人吃惊的是，这幅画是在4500年前画的
It's startling to think that this was painted 4,500 years ago
因为这是如此令人愉快的场景
because it's such a delightful scene
我觉得它很符合现代人的感受
that I think really appeals to a modern sensibility.
在某种程度上，它不像是古埃及的
In some ways, it doesn't feel that ancient Egyptian
因为你能感觉到画它的艺术家
because you sense that the artist who did it
有一定程度的自♥由♥
had a degree of freedom.
他们被允许用眼睛观察自然世界
They were licensed to really use their eyes and observe the natural world,
他们很享受这样做
and they've relished doing that.
你有一种和谐和平衡的感觉
You have a sense of harmony and balance,
三个朝那个方向
three that are facing that way,
另外三个朝相反的方向
and then another three are facing the opposite way,
但不是绝对重复的
but repetition's never absolute.
举个例子，尾羽在不同的层次上
So for instance here, the tail feathers are on different levels
以确保不会单调
to ensure that there isn't monotony.
羽毛是经过精心挑选的
The plumage has been picked out with such care and detail.
有各种各样的不同类型的标志
There are all sorts of different types of marks,
有时是斑点，有时是斜线
sometimes speckles, sometimes diagonal lines,
曲线为不同类型的羽毛
curving lines for different types of feather,
在整个过程中，你能感觉到艺术家
and the whole way through, you sense that the artist
一直在看看看
is looking, looking, looking,
这就是它作为一幅成功画作的秘诀
and that's the secret of its success as a painting,
我们很容易把它看作是现代作品
and it's tempting to just think of this almost as a modern work,
一种体裁作品，来自大自然的场景
a genre piece, a scene from nature,
当然，对古埃及人来说
but of course, for the ancient Egyptians,
这是更大的东西
this was part of something much bigger,
当你意识到背景的时候
which actually when you realize the context,
就会改变你所看到的东西的意义
transforms the meaning of what you're looking at.
这些鹅是一幅更大画作的一部分
The geese were one part of a much larger painting,
只剩下了一些碎片
which survives only in fragments.
艺术家利奥·史蒂文森正在把它们拼起来
Artist Leo Stevenson is piecing them together
重现这幅丢失的杰作
to re-create this missing masterpiece.
所以我所做的是，我有很多幸存下来的碎片的照片
So what I've done is I've got a load of photographs of the bits that survived,
这些在我的画上用黑色标出
and these are outlined in black on my drawing here.
他们是什么？它们分散在世界各地的博物馆里吗？
And they're what? They're scattered in museums around the world?
是的，四散在风中
Yeah. Scattered to the four winds.
到处都是它们的碎片
There's bits of them all over the place.
这是鹅的复♥制♥品
So here's a reproduction of the geese.
它们在这幅画的底部
They go right along the bottom of the picture.
- 是的 - 上面其它的基本上都失去了
- Yeah. - Everything else above has been lost essentially.
中间用红色表示的是我认为
The bits in-between done in red are my interpolation
缺失的部分
of what I think is missing.
这一块在这里
I mean, this piece is this.
噢，是的，这是它的手臂
Oh, yeah. So there's the arm,
你可以看到它的肤色，黑色的晒黑的皮肤
and you can see the flesh color, the dark sort of tanned skin.
诱人的小片段
Tantalizing little fragment,