古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

but in the pride of middle age.
不仅仅是官僚和牧师在攀爬这个社会阶梯
It wasn't just bureaucrats and priests who were scaling this social ladder.
像卡培尔这样的男人面临着来自美发师的激烈竞争
Men like Ka-aper had serious competition from hairdressers.
正确的发型至关重要
The right hairdo was vital
因为它是地位、年龄和性别的社会象征
because it was a social signifier about status, age, and gender,
当然，作为埃及…
and of course being Egypt--
哦，是的，抱歉，我必须保持脑袋不动
oh, yes, sorry. I've got to keep my head in one place,
但是作为埃及人
but being Egypt,
发型是有等级的
there was a hierarchy of hairstyles,
好的理发师就像艺术家一样
and good hairdressers were like artists.
他们的技能很受欢迎
Their skills were much sought after.
他们有点像今天的高级时装设计师
They're kind of like a couture fashion designer today,
对于精英男性来说，他们大都把头发
and for elite men, they mainly kept their hair
要么剃短，要么剃光
either very short or shaven,
然后他们依靠体面的假发来给人留下好印象
and then they relied on decent wigs to make the right impression.
法老有齐肩的假发
Pharaohs had shoulder-length wigs,
是卷发和辫子
which were arranged in curls and braids,
然后精英的儿子们，他们戴着圆假发
and then the sons of the elite, they had round wigs
或只是选择剃光的样子
or just opted for the shaven look.
仆人和音乐家也会剃光头发
Servants and musicians were completely shaved, as well,
古埃及人对头发的痴迷意味着
and this obsession with hair in ancient Egypt meant that
理发师就是明星
that the hairdresser was quite a star.
打理好发型，我要去找我的第十件也是最后一件宝物
Suitably coiffured, I'm heading for my tenth and final treasure.
是埃及最美丽的陵墓之一…
It's one of the most beautiful tombs in all of Egypt...
你可能已经猜到了
and you may have guessed,
它属于一个非常重要的发型师，名叫泰
it belonged to a very important hairdresser called Ty.
我们见证了艺术的传统被确立
We've witnessed the conventions of art being laid down.
现在我们可以看到它们聚集在一起
Now we can see them brought together in one place.
主要的活动就在这里
The main event is through here.
这是供品厅
This is an offering hall.
这里有整个世界的感觉
There's a sense here of a whole world.
这是对古王国的真实一瞥
It's a real glimpse into the Old Kingdom,
这真的很棒，因为埃及人喜欢秩序
and it's really wonderful, because Egyptians loved order,
他们喜欢重复，但从来都不是绝对的
they loved repetition, but it was never absolute.
这里有一个小例子
So here's a little example.
这里是一些农业工人
I mean, here are some agricultural workers,
他们赶着一些驴子，而驴子的头…
they're driving some donkeys, and the donkeys' heads...
似乎一次又一次地完全相同
seem to be exactly the same again and again and again,
但是，有一个小驴头垂下来
but there's a little donkey head leaning down
只是为了打破这条可能会很乏味的线
just to break up what would otherwise potentially be a tedious line.
这里充满了活力、能量和喧闹
There's a lot of vigor and energy and hubbub.
有各种各样的活动
There's all sorts of activity.
有造船的人，还有农业工人
People building boats, there's agricultural workers.
有雕塑家，有金属工人
There are sculptors, there are metal workers.
为了泰的利益有一场混战
There's a melee of activity on behalf of Ty,
在南墙上，你可以看到这些狭缝
and on the southern wall here, you have these slits,
如果你往里看，你会看到泰本人
and if you look through, you meet Ty himself,
他的雕像
his statue.
我觉得我最喜欢的是这里
And I think my favorite bit is over here.
这堵墙被一个辉煌的景象占据着
This wall is dominated by one brilliant scene
泰在一艘船上，船上有很多侍从
in which Ty is on a boat with a number of attendants,
他们要出去狩猎一天
and they're out for a day's hunting,
他们不是在捕鱼，即使你可以看到它们下面的水里有很多鱼
and they're not hunting fish, even though you can see loads of fish in the waters beneath them.
他们捕猎河马
They're hunting hippos,
这里有一只可怜的河马被叉住了
and one poor hippo over here has been harpooned,
捕猎河马
and hunting hippos,
是一件相当危险的事情
it's quite a dangerous thing to do,
所以我们的发型师泰站在后面
so our hairdresser Ty is standing well back,
仅仅在旁观着
just overseeing things.
这是一个很好的视角，但我喜欢这种近乎抽象的模式
It's a good view, but I love that sense of almost abstract pattern
因为你有这些强烈的垂直背景
because you have these strong verticals of the background,
你有这些戏剧性的曲折
you have these dramatic zigzags,
它们代表了下面的水
which represent the water beneath,
然后在其中，你看到各种各样的变化
and then within that, you have all sorts of variation.
这里，有一条从水里被捞出来的鱼
Here, there's a fish which has actually been pulled out of the water,
从一个区域进入另一个
crossing one register into the next.
有点漫不经心的空间
There's room for a slight insouciance.
有多种多样的空间
There's room for variety really,
非常赏心悦目
and it's very pleasing to the eye,
在这里
and in here,
你可以看到河马几乎漂浮着
you can see the hippos almost floating,
在水中翻滚
tumbling around in the water.
有运动的感觉
There's a sense of motion.
这是一种真正的动感
There's actually a real sense of energy.
这是一个令人愉快的场景
It's a totally delightful scene, this.
引人入胜
Completely absorbing.
我已经到达了埃及艺术之旅的第一站的终点
I've reached the end of the first leg of my journey through Egyptian art,
对我来说，这是一种启示
and for me, it's been revelation.
我已经在埃及旅行了几个星期
I've been traveling around Egypt for several weeks now,
在这段时间里，我真的不得不面对一种偏见
and over that time, I've really had to confront a prejudice
我甚至不知道我对古埃及艺术有这种偏见
that I didn't know I even had about ancient Egyptian art.
我认为它有点单调，千篇一律，一成不变
I assumed that it was a little bit monotonous and samey and unchanging,
但我发现它非常不同
but what I've discovered is something very different.
有很多这样的东西
There's a lot of this kind of stuff,
真实的生活
real life.
你可以在坟墓中看到日常场景
You find daily scenes in the tombs,
你可以看到对自然世界的观察
you find observation of the natural world,
这是非常迷人的
Which is utterly charming.
所以我发现了更多的实验
So I've found a great deal more experimentation,
比我想象的更多的创新
a great deal more innovation than I thought was there.
所以埃及艺术几千年来并没有改变的观点
So this idea that Egyptian art didn't change over thousands of years
并不是真的
is just not true.
确实，这和事实相差太远了
Really, it couldn't be further from the truth.
接下来，黄金时代
Next time, the Golden Age.
艺术达到新的辉煌和雄心的高度
Art reaches new heights of splendor and ambition
因为有一个人引领了艺术史上最戏剧性的变革之一
as one man ushers in one of the most dramatic revolutions in the history of art.