古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

you get an idea about the art in ancient Egypt.
你看，这位艺术家很有技巧
Look, sir, the artist was very skilful
有代表性的雕像就是这个
representing the statue like this.
我认为它非常漂亮
I think it's very beautiful.
看看这头发，就像我们现在！
Look at the hair, like us nowadays!
我相信你
I believe you.
我得承认我有点晕头转向了
I must admit I feel a bit punch drunk
在穆♥罕♥默♥德♥·阿里的演示之后
after Mohammed Ali's performance,
但他说得有道理
but he does have a point.
当黑人法老们回顾埃及的过去时
While the black Pharaohs harked back to the Egyptian past,
他们使肖像画艺术重新焕发活力
they reinvigorated the art of the portrait
并创造出一个迷人的混合
and created a fascinating hybrid.
这尊库什特公主的雪花石膏雕像叫阿蒙尼尔迪斯
This alabaster statue of a Cushite princess called Amenirdis
专横又性感
is imperious yet sexy,
虽然我对她的大耳朵不是很确信
though I'm not so sure about her big ears.
库希特人对自己的非洲血统感到自豪
The Cushites were proud of their African origins
并且也从不隐瞒
and didn't hide them.
这是沙巴科法老的粉色花岗岩半身像
This pink granite bust of the Pharaoh Shabako
它受到中王国时期艺术的启发
is inspired by the art of the middle kingdom,
但他的面部特征无疑是努比亚人的…
but his facial features are undeniably Nubian...
在开罗博物馆所有的库希特作品中
and of all these Cushite works in the Cairo Museum,
我最欣赏的是门图姆哈特的脸
the one I most admire is the face of Mentuemhat.
他看起来聪明却又坚韧，厚脸皮却又精明
He looks wise yet tough, thick-skinned yet astute.
他有一种气质，是真正有生命力的人
He has the aura of a man who actually lived
而且有能力统治像底比斯这样的大城市
and was capable of ruling a great city like Thebes.
这是两种不同艺术风格的迷人融合
It's a fascinating fusion of two different artistic styles,
这座狮身人面像的脸是努比亚法老塔哈尔卡
and this sphinx with the face of the Nubian Pharaoh Taharqo
这向我证明了埃及艺术
proves to me that Egyptian art...
确实得益于一点外来的基因
really benefitted from a bit of foreign DNA.
外国的入侵在其它方面影响了艺术
Foreign invasions affected art in other ways.
他们使埃及人向他们古老的神兽寻求支持
They caused the Egyptians to turn to their old animal gods for support,
而这催生了动物木乃伊崇拜
and this spawned animal mummy cults.
争议在于像这样的木乃伊是不是真正的艺术
It's debatable whether mummies like these were truly art,
但对动物的痴迷
but the obsession with animals
也产生了更精致的雕塑
also produced more refined sculptures
比如在萨卡拉发现的这只可爱的猫
like this delightful cat that was discovered at Sakkara,
但我的下一个宝藏并不是小猫咪
but my next treasure is no pussy cat.
它可以说是埃及艺术中最怪异的杰作
It's arguably the weirdest masterpiece of all Egyptian art.
请允许我向你们介绍一位与众不同的神
Allow me to introduce you to a very distinctive deity
叫做塔沃里特
called Tawaret.
她算不上最性感的埃及女神
She's hardly the sexiest of Egyptian goddesses.
其实她看起来很可怕
In fact, she looks quite terrifying.
她是几种不同野兽的组合
She's a composite of several different beasts.
她有着河马的头
She has the head of a hippopotamus
还有河马肿胀的身体
along with a hippo's swollen body.
她有狮子的爪子
She has the paws of a lion
还有一些人的特质
and then some human attributes, as well,
包括下垂的乳♥房♥♥
including those pendulous breasts,
关于塔沃里特的情况是...
and the thing about Tawaret is that...
虽然她看起来很可怕
although she looks terrifying,
她其实是个保护女神
she was actually a protective goddess,
她保护分娩期的妇女
who protected women during childbirth,
她用非常坚硬的石头雕刻而成
and she's been sculpted from a very hard stone
叫做硬砂岩
called greywacke,
雕刻家做了一件了不起的工作
and the sculptor's done a tremendous job
因为他设法把坚硬的材料处理成
because he's managed to manipulate tough material
胖乎乎、软绵绵的“松胖夫人”模样
into plump, soft Mrs. Blobby-like forms.
浮肿，几乎为气囊式
She's swollen, almost pneumatic.
有一种从内部向外膨胀的压力感
There's a sense of pressure from within ballooning outwards,
达成了一个非常有效的技巧
which is a really effective trick to have pulled off.
你要看的远不止那张有点吓人的脸
You have to look beyond that slightly grisly, scary visage
而是看到她内在的美
and see the inner beauty within.
只要你看了，我想你也会喜欢塔沃里特的
Once you do, I think you'll quite like Tawaret, as well.
埃及漫长历史上最大的转折点之一
One of the biggest turning points in Egypt's long history
出现于公元前332年
came in 332 B.C.
随着另一次入侵
with another invasion,
这一次是古代最著名的名字之一…
this time by one of the most famous names from antiquity--
亚历山大大帝
Alexander the Great.
这位希腊英雄席卷埃及，受到了人♥民♥的欢迎
The Greek hero swept into Egypt and was greeted by the people
作为解救者，赶走了统治这个国家的波斯人
as a liberator from the Persians, who'd been ruling the country.
亚历山大，如卢克索神庙这里所见
Alexander, seen here in Luxor temple,
因为政♥治♥的原因，向埃及诸神致敬
did the politic thing and paid tribute to the Egyptian gods,
而他的到来对埃及艺术产生了立竿见影的影响
and his arrival had an immediate and surprising impact on Egyptian art.
为见证这一切，我回到了图纳格贝尔
To witness it, I returned to Tuna el-Gebel
去参观一个叫佩托西里斯的牧师的坟墓
to visit the tomb of a priest called Petosiris.
这座古墓非常罕见，而且很迷人
This tomb is very rare, and it's fascinating
就因为这个内门廊的装饰
because of the decoration in this inner porch.
有这些日常生活的场景，每一天的场景
You have these scenes of daily life, everyday scenes,
它本身就是一个传统的埃及主题
which in itself was quite a traditional Egyptian subject,
所以这是在复兴古老的埃及传统
so it's reviving this old Egyptian tradition,
然而，这些场景的风格却一点也不像埃及的
and yet, the style of the scenes doesn't really look Egyptian at all.
看起来是希腊
It looks Greek.
如果你看这里
So if you have a look down here.
这里有一些劳工
Here are some laborers.
他们在收获葡萄，准备酿酒
They're harvesting grapes, they're about to make wine,
但也可能是一种酒神的场景
and yet it could be a sort of Bacchic scene.
他们可能是狄俄尼索斯的追随者
These could be followers of Dionysus
周围是郁郁葱葱的滚动藤蔓
surrounded by very lush scrolling vines.
有一种能量感，一种更强的动感
There's a sense of energy, a greater movement,
以及对自然主义的尝试，这就是一种希腊特征
and an attempt at naturalism, which is a sort of Greek trait.
你可以看到这个艺术家
You can see this go that the artist
在试图展示折叠在人体上的布料
has had at trying to show the drapery as it folds over the human form,
这里，有一个裸体的男人，正在摘葡萄
and here, there's a naked man, who's plucking grapes,
但这种躯干与你通常在埃及艺术中看到的躯干非常不同
but that torso's very different to the kinds of torsos you normally find in Egyptian art,
通常是非常死板，空白，很少图示
often quite rigid, blank, little schematized.
这里，画面试图展示肌肉组织
Here, there's an attempt to actually show the musculature.
你可以在另一面墙上看到更多这样的场景
You can see over on the other wall more of these scenes.
举个例子，在这里，他们在收集粮食
So for instance up here, they're collecting grain.
有一种全新的感觉
There's a sense of something quite new,
一种完全不同的风格
a glimmer of a whole different style
试图被嫁接到埃及标准之上
that's trying to be grafted onto the Egyptian canon
用它的记录和环带
with its registers and bands,
用它的基线和带轮廓的脚
with its base lines and profiled feet,
在很多方面，这都有点尴尬
and in many ways, it's a little bit awkward,
它有点怪异
it's a little bit misshapen.
我不认为这是伟大的艺术
I'm not convinced that this is great art,
但这是令人着迷的艺术，原因是
but it is fascinating art, and the reason is
佩托西里斯委托了一位艺术家或设计师
Petosiris has commissioned an artist or a designer,
他可能是埃及人
who may have been Egyptian,
但他无疑受到了希腊艺术的影响
but he was undoubtedly influenced by Greek art,
他试图用这种方式来证明这一点，即他表现了...
and he's trying to demonstrate that in the way that he's representing this...
这面墙，这些场景
wall, these scenes,
佩托西里斯这么做的原因是因为
and the reason Petosiris did that is because
他生活在历史上一个非常重要的十字路口
he lived at a very important crossroads in history.
突然之间，亚历山大大帝攻占了埃及
All of a sudden, Alexander the Great had swept in and conquered Egypt,
没有人确切知道风会从哪个方向吹来
and no one was quite sure which way the wind was blowing.
存在一种可能，就是希腊人、马其顿人不会持久
It's possible that the Greeks, the Macedonians, wouldn't have lasted
终有一天埃及人会重新掌权
and that one day the Egyptians would come back into power,
但现在希腊文化非常流行
but for now, Greek culture was very much in vogue,
这就是佩托西里斯想传播的内容
and this is what Petosiris wanted to broadcast.
我想这并不奇怪，政♥治♥上精明的佩托西里斯
I guess it's no surprise that the politically astute Petosiris
想模仿新君主的艺术
wanted to imitate the art of his new overlords,
但是希腊人自己呢？
but what about the Greeks themselves?
他们对美并不陌生
They were no strangers to beauty.
也许他们会爱上埃及艺术的魅力
Perhaps they'd fall for the charms of Egyptian art.
亚历山大大帝对我来说是个富有魅力的的谜团
Alexander the Great is a little bit of a glamorous enigma to me
显然他是无畏的勇士国王
because obviously he's the fearless warrior King,
可他年仅32岁就去世了
but he was dead at 32,
你可以争论他创造了多少，也毁灭了多少
and you could argue that he destroyed as much as he created,
最臭名昭著的是他在公元前330年洗劫了宏伟的波斯波利斯
most infamously when he sacked the magnificent city Persepolis in 330 B.C.,
可他是个有教养的人