古埃及的瑰宝（2014）

who wants to look powerful, he looks bonkers, really.
这个扭曲的雕像不是我的宝贝
This distorted statue isn't my treasure,
因为这只是阿赫那吞故事的开始
because it was only the beginning of Akhenaten's story.
他在位5年
5 years into his reign,
他放弃了修补古庙的事务
he gave up tinkering with old temples
也彻底抛弃了底比斯
and abandoned Thebes altogether
在下游300英里处建造他的理想城市
to build his ideal city 300 miles downriver.
阿肯纳顿是个有远见的人
Akhenaten was a man with a vision,
他也足够精明，意识到他的宏伟计划
and he was also canny enough to realize that his grand plans
一个奉献给太阳圆盘阿吞神的新国教
for a new state religion dedicated to the sun disk Aten
在新王国的王朝中心几乎没有繁荣的机会
stood little chance of flourishing in the dynastic center of the New Kingdom,
底比斯，因为它与另一个神阿蒙紧密相连
Thebes, because it was so strongly associated with another god altogether, Amun.
换句话说，他需要一个新的皇家首都
In other words, he needed a new royal capital,
这就是我现在要去的地方
and that's where I'm heading now.
他选择了一片贫瘠的沙漠地带
He selected a barren strip of desert,
并将他的定居点命名为阿赫塔顿
and named his settlement Akhetaten,
即现代的阿玛纳
modern-day Amarna.
今天看起来可能不太像
It might not look like much today,
但这座城市曾经绵延10公里
but this city once stretched for 10 kilometers.
它是为满足阿赫那吞的严格标准而专门建造的大都市
It was a purpose-built metropolis designed to meet Akhenaten's exacting standards.
令人震惊，真的，想想这个巨大的受侵袭的洼地
It's staggering, really, to think that this vast, stricken dust bowl
曾经是一个繁忙的城市，居住着大约3万人
was once a busy city inhabited by around 30,000 people.
它被设计成一种巨大的太阳井
And it was designed as a kind of monumental sun trap.
有一些露天的寺庙
There were these open-air temples.
里面装满了食物
They were filled with food offerings
为了纪念
in honor
巨大的太阳圆盘阿吞神
of the great sun disk Aten.
阿赫那吞的新宗教在很多方面看来都很奇怪和简朴
And Akhenaten's new religion must have seemed in many ways pretty strange and austere,
但在他那古怪的新世界里
but in his odd, new world,
荒凉又几乎暗淡的
stark and almost bleak,
还有足够的地方举♥行♥各种各样的典礼和盛大的仪式
there was still ample room for all sorts of ceremony and splendor.
在他的命令下，这座城市的艺术正在以惊人的速度发展
On his orders, the art of the city was evolving at breakneck speed.
他的新风格在镇上随处可见
And his new style could be seen all over town.
这是阿玛纳私人住♥宅♥的石灰岩浮雕
This is a limestone relief from a private house in Amarna.
它包含了许多阿赫那吞时代艺术的鲜明特征
And it contains many of the distinctive features of art under Akhenaten.
你有扭曲的身体结构…
You've got the distorted anatomies--
突出的臀部
protruding buttocks;
脆弱、狭小的脚踝和手腕
brittle, narrow ankles and wrists;
鼓胀的腹部
swelling bellies;
细长的指骨
elongated, bony figures;
然后，当然还有太阳圆盘的光线在人手中终结
and then, of course, there's the sun disk with its rays ending in human hands.
但这里还有别的东西，新的东西
But there's something else here, something new,
因为这是一个家庭场景
because the scene is a domestic scene
阿赫那吞和他的妻子娜芙提蒂
in which Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti
和女儿们一起玩耍放松，三个女儿
are relaxing playing with their daughters, 3 of them.
你可以看到阿肯纳顿坐在左边的凳子上
You can see Akhenaten sitting on a stool to the left,
他手拿着的一只耳环是整个作品的焦点
and he's holding out an earring which forms a real focal point of the composition.
下面是他的大女儿，最大的那个
And beneath, his eldest daughter, the largest one,
她面带微笑地伸手去抓它
reaches up to grab it with a bit of a smile on her face.
这是游戏时刻
It's a moment of play.
右边的娜芙提蒂也躺在凳子上
And then to the right Nefertiti's also lounging on a stool,
她的两个女儿倚在她腿上
and two of her daughters are on her lap.
很温馨，我喜欢，因为…
And it's sweet, and I love it, because
很多埃及艺术都是关于永恒的
so much Egyptian art was about lasting forever.
它是为永恒而建的
It was built for eternity.
这关乎稳定
It was about stability.
但在这里，我们看到的只是一个短暂的瞬间
But here we find just a transitory moment.
这是一个印象
It's an impression.
有一种我们漫步进入宫殿房♥间的感觉
There's a sense that we've wandered into an apartment of the palace
在国王、王后和他们的家人放松的时候
and come upon the king and the queen and their family in a moment of relaxation,
好像他们没料到我们会来似的
as if they weren't expecting us.
这在埃及艺术中是史无前例的
It's completely unprecedented in Egyptian art.
今天，来自阿玛纳的惊人发现散布在世界各地
Today, the startling finds from Amarna are scattered all over the world.
我的下一个宝藏现在在柏林
My next treasure now resides in Berlin.
它是埃及艺术的伟大杰作
It is the great masterpiece of Egyptian art.
阿赫那吞王后娜芙提蒂的半身像
The bust of Akhenaten's consort Queen Nefertiti.
这就是她，继图坦卡蒙之后第二位最著名的古代面孔
So, here she is, the second most famous face of antiquity after Tutankhamun.
还有奈费尔提蒂女王的石灰岩半身像
And this painted limestone bust of Queen Nefertiti
戴着巨大的蓝色平顶头饰
wearing this enormous blue flat-topped headdress
实际上是一个雕塑家工作室的模型
is actually a model from the workshop of a sculptor.
我们知道他的名字，他叫图特摩斯
We know his name, he was called Thutmose,
可能是左眼窝的那只眼根本就没做过
possible that the eye for the left socket was never even made at all,
因为在埃及艺术中
because in Egyptian art,
人物通常从侧面看，面向右边的侧面
figures are usually seen in profile, facing towards the right,
所以，把头部多余的那一边切掉
so, it would have been redundant to finish off that side of the head.
和她丈夫在卡纳克的雕像相比
And compared with those sculptures of her husband from Karnak,
非常怪诞，非常扭曲
which are quite grotesque, quite distorted,
很明显，娜芙提蒂是…
it's immediately obvious that Nefertiti is...
优雅、纯洁、美丽的化身
the epitome of elegance, of purity, beauty,
以及次序和比例
and order and proportion.
我们对图特摩斯了解不多
And we don't know much about Thutmose,
但我们知道他是个设计天才
but we know that he was a genius of design,
因为他创作这个雕塑时使用了非常有力、清晰的
because he's composed this sculpture using very strong, clear,
像倒金字塔的头饰这样的几何形状
geometric shapes like that inverted pyramid of the headdress,
头饰上的焰火和前额、颧骨呈现完美的直线
which rockets down in perfect alignment with the forehead, with the cheekbones,
一直到她的下巴
right down towards the point of her chin.
然后与之相对的，有一个细长的不同的颈轴
And then, offsetting that, you have the spindly different axis of the neck,
看起来它不可能承受上面的重量
which looks like it couldn't possibly bear the weight above,
这样就产生了一种漂亮的效果
and it creates this beautiful effect of
她的脸轻轻地上下摆动，就像…
her face gently bobbing about like,
说不好，一朵细长茎上的罂粟花在风中轻轻摇曳
I don't know, a poppy bloom, swaying gently in the wind on a slender stem.
和阿赫那吞相比，她是如此温柔
Compared with Akhenaten, she's like this gentle,
仲夏芬芳的阵风
fragrant gust of midsummer.
但我怀疑她是不是太完美了
But I wonder whether she's almost too perfect,
因为她的皮肤一直延伸到整个头骨
because her skin is stretched right across the skull.
如果你看一下她脖子的底部
If you have a look down at the base of her neck,
你可以看到这些绷紧的肌腱
you can see these very taut tendons,
她看起来像是一个非常有权势的中年女性
and she appears like a very powerful woman in middle age.
却是一个做了很多工作的女人
But a woman who's had quite a lot of work done.
她做了几次整形手术
She's had a few nips and tucks.
她唯一没有谈过的
The only conversation she hasn't had
就是和验光师交流她左眼的事
is the one with her optometrist about her left eye.
这很奇怪，因为她…
And it's strange, because she is...
一直被誉为古埃及美丽的象征
always hailed as the vision of ancient Egyptian beauty.
但我越看她，就越觉得她忧心忡忡
But the more I look at her, the more I see something fraught,
如果这是对的，那就说得通了
and if that's right, it kind of makes sense,
因为在现实生活中，娜芙提蒂就是主角
because in real life, Nefertiti was this leading player
这场伟大的革命戏剧是阿赫那吞…
in the great revolutionary drama that Akhenaten was...
在国家舞台上开演
enacting upon the national stage.
这必然伴随着巨大的压力
And that must have come with its own immense pressures.
所以，她看起来就像是拼命地装模作样
So, here she appears as though she's desperately keeping up appearances,
同时承受着划时代的压力
at the same time as suffering from epoch-changing stress.
我越看这半身像
The more I look at this bust,
我就越想知道她的脖子是不是真的要断了
the more I wonder whether her neck is in fact actually about to snap.
从一开始，阿玛娜黑暗的内心就剧烈地悸动着
From the start, there were violent palpitations within Amarna's dark heart.
直到现在考古学家才开始了解
And it's only now that archaeologists are beginning to understand
为什么阿赫那吞的个人革命注定要失败
why Akhenaten's one-man revolution was doomed to fail.
安娜·史蒂文斯正在挖掘工人的坟墓
Anna Stevens is excavating the workers' tombs here.
这里有很多迹象表明
There's a lot of signs here of,
关节病，所以人们负重
joint disease, so, people were carrying loads,
尤其是对骨骼来说太沉重了
especially, that were too heavy for the skeleton.
还有很多愈合的骨折
And there's a lot of healed fractures as well.
他们可能是为阿赫那吞采石的人
They could be the people who were quarrying the stone for Akhenaten,
把石头运到城里
carting the stone down to the city,
然后建起他的庙宇和宫殿
and then erecting his temples and palaces.
那么，跟我说说你在坟墓里发现的一些东西
So, tell me about some of the things that you've found in the graves,
除了人类遗骸
aside from the human remains.
我们发现的最好的东西之一就是首饰
One of the nicest things we find are pieces of jewelry.
我不知道你能不能辨认这个人物
I don't know if you can make out the figure.
我能，我认识他
I can. I know him.
- 你认识他？ - 他叫贝兹