蓝色星球（2001）

lt's called the Gulper eel, because it can engulf a meal of almost any size.
它的名字叫宽咽鱼 因为它无论大小什么都吞得下
Hanging motionless in midwater, its enormous gape enables it
在水中静止不动 他的血盆大口
to deal with passing prey, whether it's small or large.
可以不论大小 吃下任何经过的猎物
Gulper eels can swallow prey as big as themselves,
宽咽鱼可以吞下 和自己一般大小的猎物
which is very useful in a world
在三餐不继的这里
where you never know when the next meal is coming along.
是非常有利的特性
Even in the dark zone, there is some light.
即使在黑暗地带 还是有些许的光亮
Turn off the submersible headlights and you see a pyrotechnic display outside.
关上潜水艇的远光灯 就可看到外面的烟火表演
These lights are created by animals.
这些都是生物体制♥造♥的光
This is bioluminescence.
叫做生物光
A deep sea angler fish flashes in the darkness.
一只深海灯笼鱼 在黑暗中闪着光亮
The light is generated by bacteria
可以吸引猎物
that live permanently inside the lure,
投向杀人利齿的光亮
which attracts prey to these murderous teeth.
是由永居在灯笼里的细菌制♥造♥
There are all sorts of lures out in the darkness.
这一片黑暗中有各种的灯笼
Come into my mouth, little fish!
快到我的嘴里来吧，小鱼
And what is the purpose of this lure,
这个吊在长杆子上
suspended on a long rod, way below its owner's terrifying set of teeth?
位于一副可怕利齿下的灯笼 到底功用为何？
lt's difficult to be sure,
答案很难推测
but then this monster does have another giant...
但是这只怪物在嘴巴附近
flashing lure much closer to its mouth.
还有一个巨大，闪着光的灯笼
These fish are called anglers because they use their lures in much the same way as
这些鱼被称作钓客 因为它们的灯笼
fly fishermen use their imitation flies.
跟钓客用假饵的方法一样
For a hunting squid, with huge eyes,
对有着大眼睛的乌贼来说
this glimmer is intriguing.
这片微光是非常吸引人的
lt might just be food.
有可能是猎物
A satisfying meal for a fish with a highly extendible stomach.
对一只胃口极大的鱼来说 这是很丰盛的一餐
Attracting a mate in this endless darkness can be even harder than finding food.
在深海中吸引伴侣 可能比吸引猎物还难
Flashing lures may be helpful in doing this,
在黑暗中闪亮的灯笼 可能会有些帮助
certainly only female anglers have them.
只有雌灯笼鱼才有灯笼
The tiny males are just a tenth the size of the females.
身形短小的雄性 只有雌鱼的十分之一大
Their only purpose is somehow to find a mate in the darkness.
它们生存的意义似乎只是 在这无边黑暗中寻找伴侣
She releases chemicals into the water,
雌鱼释出化学物质到水中
which the males scent with a special white organ in front of their eyes.
雄鱼可以靠着位于眼睛前方 白色的特殊器官嗅到化学物质
Having found a partner,
找到伴侣后
the male bites at her belly with specially designed teeth.
雄鱼用特殊的牙 咬上雌鱼的腹部
He needs to get permanently attached.
雄鱼需要与雌鱼固定在一起
Within a matter of weeks the male is completely fused to the female
几个礼拜后 雄鱼已经和雌鱼完全黏合
and there he will stay for the rest of his life.
雄鱼就这样过一辈子
Her blood circulating in his body
雌鱼的血液流到它体内
provides him with all the sustenance he needs.
供给它所有必须营养
ln return, she gets a continuous,
雌鱼得到的报酬 则是不间断的精♥子♥供给
reliable supply of sperm - a brilliant solution
这真是在广大黑暗的深海中
to the problem of finding a mate in the vast emptiness of the deep sea.
解决交♥配♥问题的绝妙办法
To help in the constant battle between predators and prey,
为了要在弱肉强食的深海生存
some fish in the dark zone have developed headlights.
有些鱼身上演化出探照灯
These light-producing photophores beneath
这些生在眼下的发光器
their eyes may be used to search out prey in the darkness.
可用来在黑暗中寻找猎物
Most bioluminescence in the deep sea is blue or greenish-blue,
在深海中 大部分的生物光为蓝或蓝绿光
but a very few predatory fish produce red light.
但是有些肉食性鱼类 却会制♥造♥红光
With this, red prey becomes obvious in the darkness.
红光一照 黑暗中的红色猎物无所遁形
Red light is rare down here
在这里红光少见
and most animal eyes can't see it.
所以大部份动物都无法辨识
Only these fish can do so.
只有这些鱼不同
This gives them a sniper scope, a headlight invisible to their targets.
它们也因此也像有了阻击兵的红外线 望远镜会发出目标物看不见的探照光
This copepod, un-alarmed, takes no avoiding action.
这只拟真刺水蚤 未有警觉，走上不归路
Bioluminescence is useful in escape as well as attack.
生物光在逃跑时 跟在攻击时一样好用
A shrimp senses a threat.
一只虾子察觉到危险
lt spins in the water, releasing a bioluminescent glue.
开始旋转，释出生物光液
This acts like a burglar alarm,
就像是警卫系统一样
startling the attacking fish and leaving it
吓阻要攻击的鱼
illuminated in the dark and
还让它在黑暗中发光
vulnerable to its own predators.
暴露在自己的敌人之前
These twinkling lights in the darkness are produced by copepods.
这些闪闪发光的亮点 是拟真刺水蚤所发出的
They probably flash like this to communicate with one another
可能是用来相互联络
and confuse their predators.
或是迷惑它的天敌
The most sensitive eyes in the ocean
深海中最敏锐的双眼
belong to an ostracod called Gigantocypris.
归一种巨介型的介形动物所有
lt's the size of a pea, but that's enormous for an ostracod.
它的大小和豆子一般 但已是介形动物中的巨人
Copepods are a favourite prey
桡脚类是它们的最爱
and it actively searches for their flashes in the darkness.
会不断寻找桡脚类发出的亮光
But this copepod has a way of confusing a hunting Gigantocypris.
但是桡脚类有 对付巨介形的障眼法
lt discharges a packet of bioluminescent liquid.
它们会释出生物光液
The flash is delayed, like a depth charge.
就像深水炸♥弹♥一样 闪光的时间会有延迟
Spinning, confused, in the water,
这只困惑的巨介形 在水中乱转
Gigantocypris chases after the flashes.
追逐光影
And the copepod slips away unseen into the darkness.
而这只桡脚类则从旁 消失在黑暗中
The ultimate bioluminescent defence mechanism
但是最终极的生物光 防御武器
has to be the light show created
该是深海中的瓜皮帽水母
by the deep sea jellyfish, Periphylla.
有如烟火般的灯光秀
That, presumably, is the way it scares away its enemies.
这个表演据说是要吓退敌人的
These bright lights are all produced by firefly squid.
这些耀眼的灯光 都是蜻蜓乌贼所制♥造♥出来的
Normally, they live way down at around three hundred metres,
它们通常生活在 300公尺的深海
beyond the reach of these Japanese fishermen's nets.
这些日本渔夫是抓不到它们的
But for a few months each Spring they come to the surface every night.
但是在每年春天的几个月里 它们每晚都会到水面上来
The brightest lights come from
这些灿烂的光是从
the bioluminescent tips of their two front tentacles.
它们两只前触手的顶端发出
But it's only in the dark of the deep sea
但只有在幽暗的深海中
that you can really appreciate the full complexity of their displays.
才能真正欣赏它们 华丽繁复的表演
lt's not just their tentacles,
不只是触手
but their whole bodies that are covered in photophores.
它们全身都布满了发光器
The exact function is not clear.
虽然切确的功能不明
The bright tentacle tips may be for attracting mates or dazzling predators.
但是发光的触手可能可以用来 吸引异性或是迷惑天敌
The rest may be camouflage
其他的可能是伪装
providing counter shading for the squid as they journey up into the twilight zone.
在乌贼上游微明区时制♥造♥阴影
Every night in the season
产卵季来临时
hundreds of thousands of squid journey up into the shallow water to spawn.
千百万只乌贼 每晚上游到浅水域产卵
Before dawn, they will return to the depths
它们会在日出前回到深海
leaving their eggs to develop in the shallows.
把卵留在浅水域成长
The daily cycle of the sun has a profound
太阳每日的循环
influence on life in the deep ocean.
对深海生物有决定性的影响
As the sun sets, it triggers the largest
太阳的下沉，触动了地球上
migration of living organisms on our planet.
规模最庞大的生物迁徙
One thousand million tonnes of animals
每晚有十亿公吨♥的动物
travel up from the dark zone into richer,
从黑暗区上
shallower water, every night.
游到浅水域
Tiny grazers are first up
小小的草食性动物最早报到
searching for the microscopic plants that only grow in shallow sunlit waters.
找寻只生长在有日照的 浅水域的微小植物
Predators follow the grazers.
肉食动物则紧跟着草食性动物
An enormous variety of different animals join the convoy
各类动物种类繁多 也加入行进的队伍
or feed off it as it passes.
或是在它们经过时饱餐一顿
Many will travel up hundreds of metres
许多动物会上游几百公尺
towards the surface and then at dawn
到水面附近
finding themselves at greater risk from predators
然后在日出时为了要躲避 暴露在天敌面前的危险
the visitors return to the safer darkness of the depths.
访客们又回到安全的幽暗深海
The sun's rays only have a direct effect in the top hundred metres,
阳光只对上面一百公尺的海水
or so, of the ocean.
有直接的影响
lt's only here that photosynthesis can take place and coral reefs can flourish.
光合作用只有在这里可以进行 珊瑚礁也只能在这里形成
Leave this thin, rich slice of life and
离开这薄薄一层 丰富的生命之源
travel over the outer face of the reef and
越过了珊瑚礁的边缘
you quickly enter a far more demanding world.
你马上就进入了另一个 求生不易的世界
Below a hundred and fifty metres photosynthesis becomes impossible.
在150公尺以下的海洋 就无法行光合作用
You find no plants, just animals.
这里没有植物，只有动物
Here, the animals are adapted to catch marine snow,
这里的动物惯以海洋雪为食 海洋雪就是从海面附近下沉的
particles of dead animals and plants that drift down from above.
动植物残骸 所以它们所依靠的是
So they depend, second-hand,
水面附近生物捕捉到的
on the energy captured from the sun
太阳能源
by organisms living in the surface waters.
所转化的二手能源
Travelling close to the sea floor
紧靠海床前进
we're going to take a journey to the very bottom of the deep sea...
我们要到深海海底旅行