蓝色星球（2001）

There are some seas where fish swarm in millions...
有些海洋里有数以百万计的鱼
and plankton blossoms in vast clouds
以及无边无际的浮游生物
The sheer quantity of life here is unmatched anywhere in the oceans
这里生物的数量是 其他任何海洋都无法比拟的
These are the most productive seas on earth
这是地球上最富生产力的海洋
They are the Seasonal Seas
它们是季节性海域
The Seasonal Seas border the Temperate parts of the world,
季节性海域 环绕地球上温和的区域
where conditions change through the year
那里的状况随时间而变化
The seasons also affect the underwater world
季节同样影响着海底世界
The power of the sun is constantly changing
太阳的力量随时都在改变
ln the far north during the Summer there are long hours of sunlight,
北方的夏天里白天很长
but in Winter that dwindles and eventually there can be weeks of darkness
但一到冬天便开始缩短 最后变成数周的永夜期
The summers are warm and gentle, the winters racked by savage storms
夏天温暖而舒适 冬天却有剧烈风暴的折磨
ln conditions like this life of any sort has to struggle to survive
这种情况下任何生命型态 都必须为生存而挣扎
January on Sable lsland off the coast of Nova Scotia in North America
一月份北美新斯科细亚省 海岸边的塞柏岛
Grey Seals have managed to get ashore through the crashing breakers
灰海豹成功地 穿越汹涌的海浪上岸
Gales here can blow for days on end
这里的强风可持续数天
Sable lsland has the world's largest colony of grey seals
塞柏岛有地球上 最大的灰海豹族群
1 00,000 come here to breed each year, just when the weather is at its worst
每年当天气正值最糟的时候 有十万只会来到这里繁殖
To add insult to injury, the pups,
雪上加霜的是，小海豹
having suckled for only 1 8 days are then abandoned
受哺乳18天后便被遗弃
Their mothers must return to the sea to find food for themselves
它们的母亲必须 回到海中为自己觅食
As yet unable to dive, the pups are marooned
还无法潜水的小海豹
and sustained by nothing except their fatty blubber
无依的仅靠身上肥厚脂肪存活
lt will be five weeks before they are strong enough to swim,
它们要过5周才有能力游泳
but by then it will be early spring and the ocean will be teeming with food
但那时将是早春 而海洋中将充满食物
By May, Spring has reached the coasts of Scotland
春天在五月降临苏格兰的海岸
Underwater it arrived rather earlier
她更提前来到海底世界
During March, the seas had warmed enough to trigger a magical transformation
三月时水温已回暖 神奇的转变同时展开
These are Phytoplankton, tiny floating algae,
这些是浮游植物群落
each much smaller than a pinhead
微小的漂浮藻类小过针头
And they multiply with amazing speed to produce more annual growth
它们迅速的繁殖量远超过
than all the plants on land put together - 6 billion tonnes of it
陆上植物每年产量总和 60亿吨♥
This immense bloom spreads across the face of the ocean
这庞大的繁殖量 在数月内扩散地球表面海域
and within a couple of months turns vast areas of it a dense green
将广大区域染成浓密的绿
Animal life reacts to the blooming sea
动物的生活反应这盛产的海洋
Although these polyps look like small anemones,
虽然这些珊瑚虫看来像海葵
They're about to change into something else
但它们正要改变型态
As they separate, they reveal themselves to be tiny, common jellyfish
当它们分离时 泄露出它们原是渺小平捿的水母
They are less than 3 millimetres across
它们体宽不到3公厘
Within a few months they will have assembled into vast swarms
几周内它们会组成庞大的族群
Minute copepods are part of their staple diet
桡足类是它们固定的食物之一
These appear every spring in vast numbers and graze on the Phytoplankton bloom
它们在每年春天大量出现 并仰赖浮游植物维生
Their beating legs create currents that sweep the little algae
它们蠕动的脚造成水流
into the basket-like filters around their mouths
将海藻堆积到嘴边篮状的滤网
On this microscopic scale, water is so viscous that
渺小的分子下 水变得黏稠
the Phytoplankton can't swim against the current
使浮游植物无法逆水流而行
Whilst feeding, sensors on the copepod's antennae give warning of dangers ahead
觅食时桡足类触须上的感应器 会发出危机伺伏的警讯
Lighting by lasers reveals that feeding copepods leave wakes behind them,
以〖射照明发现 桡足类会在身后留下足迹
rather like jet trails in the sky
像是空中喷射机的烟雾
Slightly larger floating predators
稍大的浮游掠食者
are able to use these trails to find their prey
能利用这些痕迹 找到它们的食物
A close call - but some predators are simply too large to avoid
差一点点 但有些掠食者实在大到无法躲避
Jellyfish!
水母
They may appear to be delicate as well as beautiful, but they are deadly hunters
它们也许看来脆弱又美丽 但它们却是致命的杀手
With every pulse of the delicate bells plankton-rich water
铃铛状身体每一次柔弱的舞动
is drawn into their lacy throats and pushed out again,
都将充满浮游生物的水 吸进它们蕾丝般的嘴里
leaving behind copepods stuck to the membranes
再将水推出 留下黏在薄膜上的桡足类
A single sea-nettle jellyfish only a few centimetres
一只几公分宽的荀麻水母
across can collect thousands of copepods in a day
能在一天内收集成千的桡足类
So the killing power of giants like these is hard to estimate
因此这种庞然大物的杀伤力 是无法预测的
Each of these jellyfish weighs up to 30 kilos
这种水母重约30公斤
and has tentacles stretching over 8 metres
触须可伸展到8公尺长
But there are even greater dangers awaiting the copepods
但桡足类还面临着更大的危险
By the late spring the baby common jellyfish are fully grown
小水母在晚春时完全成熟
They gather in millions, forming immense swarms hundreds of metres long,
它们以数百万群集 形成数百公尺长的大族群
which filter out all the small planktonic animals in their path
过滤所有通过它们的浮游生物
Nevertheless, there are such astronomic numbers of copepods
尽管如此 桡足类庞大的数量
that enough will survive to form swarms of their own
存活下来的还是 足以构成自己的族群
A basking shark
一只在取暖的鲨鱼
This huge eight tonne fish feeds on plankton and nothing else
这只8吨♥重的大鱼只吃浮游生物
Every hour it filters a thousand tonnes of seawater through its gills
它每小时用鳃 过滤掉一千吨♥的海水
Numbers of these shark appear when the bloom is at its peak
众多的鲨鱼 在浮游物最旺盛时出现
and travel along those water currents where the plankton is thickest
顺着水流 游过浮游物最浓密的地方
Even so, the supply of plankton is so abundant
然而浮游物的数量充足
that another group of animals' is able to share in the feast
因此另一群动物也能共享大餐
animals that live on the seafloor
那就是海底的动物
Every centimetre of rock is covered with invertebrates of some kind
每一寸石头都为 无脊椎动物所覆盖
anemones, sea squirts, Gorgonians,
海葵，海鞘及柳珊瑚
all trapping plankton from the passing water
都从水流中拦下浮游生物
Not all life in the Seasonal Seas depends upon the plankton
并非所有季节性海洋的生物 都依赖浮游生物
lt's early spring in British Columbia
这是英属哥伦比亚的早春
Seaweed has started to grow slowly in the cold water
海草已开始在冰水中生长
As the hours of sunlight increase and the water warms,
当白天时间延长水温变暖
these small plants turn into great beds of bull kelp
这些小植物变成一张大海草床
The immense 30 metre long strands have small gas filled floats
这30公尺长的海滨 有充气的气囊
which keep them high in the water within reach of the energy-giving sunlight
使它们能浮于水面 接收阳光的能量
Further south the sunshine is more powerful,
在南方阳光的力量更强
so here, on the coast of California, the biggest kelp of all can grow
于是在加州海岸 可以生长最大的海藻
This is giant kelp and by midsummer each plant
这是巨藻 而每年盛夏
is growing in length by nearly a metre a day
它们一天可生长近1公尺
The main stem is fixed to the bottom 35 metres below
主茎干靠着一个小 却极有力的固着器
by a small but immensely strong holdfast
固定在海底35公尺下
Fully grown, these gigantic plants are a hundred metres long
完全生长的巨大植物 有100公尺长
and they form vast marine forests
形成一个广阔的海洋森林
Great schools of fish find sanctuary here
这里是众多鱼群的庇护所
These are blacksmith fish
这些是铁匠鱼
They are plankton feeders and whenever it seems safe
它们以浮游生物为食 只要觉得安全
they head off into open water to feed where the plankton is thickest
它们就会到水中 浮游物最密集的地带觅食
But at the first hint of danger...
但只要有任何可能的危险
...they rush back to the safety of the forest
它们就迅速躲回森林的保护
Fish are not the only creatures that shelter here
鱼类不是唯一躲藏于此的生物
Californian sea otters gather in the kelp forest to rest and snooze in safety
加州海獭也在水草森林中 安然地聚集休息
To prevent themselves being carried away into dangerous open water,
为防止被拉进有掠食者游荡的
where the big predators cruise,
危险空旷海水中
they anchor themselves by winding straps of kelp around their body
它们用海草捆住身体 来固定方位
Sooner or later, they have to find food
它们迟早需要去找食物
and that lies on the seabed a long way below them
而食物躺在 它们很下方的海床上
Sea otters, however, can stay underwater for
海獭最多可在海底
up to 1 0 minutes and that's ample time to find the shellfish they need
停留10分钟，而这足以让它们 找到所需的甲壳类水生物
Many of the smaller creatures that live in these forests, such as urchins,
许多居住在这森林里的小生物 像是海胆便吃海草
graze on the kelp and can seriously damage it if their numbers are unchecked
但它们的数量若失去控制 便会造成严重损害
The sea otters, however, feed on some of these grazers
然而海獭以这些小生物为食
and prevent them getting too numerous
避免它们的数量过多
So, in effect, the Sea Otters are the guardians of the forest
因此这些海獭是森林的守护者
Garibaldi fish do not, in fact, damage the kelp
加州红鱼并不会破坏海草
lf anything, they help it by picking off tiny animals
反而它们会帮助除掉
that in places encrust the leaves
附着在叶面上的小动物
They graze on bryozoans, tiny colonial animals,
它们吃小型的寄生苔藓虫类
which build their colonies like a patchwork of white skins on the leaves
它们聚落像是 叶面上的白皮拼布
When night falls there are fewer predatory fish around
入夜后肉食性鱼类减少
and the bryozoans emerge from their white shelters
苔藓虫类便从白防护罩下出现
Now, just like coral polyps they start filtering out
它们像珊瑚虫一样 在黑暗的掩护下
the plankton under cover of darkness
开始过滤浮游物
They are not the only animals to venture out at this time
它们不是此时出没的唯一动物
This is an amphipod, just two centimetres long and it does eat kelp
这是只排骨虾，只有2公分长 它会吃海草
ln turn, it is excellent food for many predators
它对肉食者而言是很好的食物
To protect itself it produces silk, just like a spider,
它能像蜘蛛一样 吐丝来保护自己
and uses it to sew together two sides of a kelp frond and so form a shelter
也能将海草的两面缝在一起 形成屏障
This one is in particular need of a secure home. She's a mother
这一只特别需要一个安全的家 她是个母亲
There are over fifty youngsters clustered on her abdomen,
它的腹部塞满超过50个幼苗