蓝色星球（2001）

Hundreds of white arrows shoot into the sea,
好几百只白色羽箭射入水里
leaving long trails of bubbles behind each dive
在身后留下一道道长长的泡沫
Next to join the frenzy are the sharks
接着加入这场混战的是鲨鱼
Sharks get very excited when dolphins are around
有海豚在附近 鲨鱼就会变得兴奋异常
That may be because they can feed particularly...
也许是海豚会将这些沙丁鱼 赶到水面附近
well once the dolphins have driven
形成更紧密的鱼群
the sardines into more compact groups near the surface
让鲨鱼们吃的更好更顺利
As the frenzy continues walls of bubbles drift upwards
混战当中 一道道泡沫墙向上浮起
They are being released by the dolphins, working together in teams
这是结队合作的海豚所释放的
They use the bubbles to corral the sardines into ever tighter groups
它们利用这些泡沫 将沙丁鱼赶成更紧密的鱼群
The sardines seldom cross the wall of bubbles and crowd closer together
沙丁鱼很少会跨过泡沫墙 所以只好更紧密地靠在一起
Bubble netting in this way enables the dolphins to grab every last trapped sardine
这样的泡沫网，让海豚可以 吃到每一只受困的沙丁鱼
Just when the feasting seems to be almost over,
就在大餐快要结束之时
a Bryde whale arrives
一只布氏鲸抵达
The survivors head on northwards,
幸存者继续往北方前进
and the caravan of predators follows them
这群掠食者则跟随在后
Nutrients can also be brought up
海底的养分也可以在
though less predictably
较无法预测的情况下
by rough weather
被恶劣的天气带上来
Particularly near the poles,
尤其是接近极圈的地方
huge storms stir the depths and
强烈的风暴翻搅深海
enrich the surface waters and here,
带给海面上的水养分
in the South Atlantic, the seas are the roughest on the planet
而在南极，这里的海水 是地球上最险恶的
And very rich seas they are too, for here,
它们同时也富含非常多的养份，在这里
the cold Falklands current from the South
来自南方的 寒冷福克兰洋流
meets the warm Brazil current from the North
与来自北方的 温暖巴西洋流相遇
and at their junction there is food in abundance
就在它们交会处 孕藏了丰富的食物
These Black-browed albatross are duck-diving
这些黑眉信天翁 像鸭子潜水一样
for krill that has been driven up to the surface
找寻着被水流带到水面的磷虾
Like all albatross,
就像所有的信天翁一样
Black-brows are wanderers across the face of the open ocean
黑眉信天翁 也是大海上的流浪者
A feeding assembly on this scale is a rare sight
这种规模的群集猎食 是很少见的
Most of the time,
大部分时候
the birds of the open sea are widely dispersed
大海上的鸟类 都是相当分散的
But these feeding grounds are close to an albatross breeding colony
但是这个捕食场 很靠近一个信天翁生育的殖民地
and a very special one
而且是很特别的一个
This is Steeple Jason, a remote island in the far west of the Falklands
这里是杰生尖塔，位于福克兰群岛 遥远西边的偏远小岛
lt has the largest albatross colony in the world
在这里有世上最大的 信天翁殖民地
There are almost half a million albatross here
这里住了近50万只的信天翁
an astonishing demonstration of
这又是一场惊人的示范
how fertile the ocean can be
告诉我们海洋养分的丰富
and how much food it can give even to creatures that do not actually live in it
以及它所能提供的食物量甚至可以 供给不住在海中的生物食用
Nutrients by themselves are not enough to generate these vast assemblies.
要产生这么大的群体 光靠养分是不够的
The heat and light that the sun brings everyday
阳光每日所带来的 光亮与热能
is also essential for the growth of the microscopic floating plants
也是微小的浮游生物
the phytoplankton
成长所必须要的
And it the phytoplankton
浮游生物则是
that is the basis of all life in the ocean
所有海洋生命的基础
Every evening, the disappearance of the sun
每天，当太阳消失在地平线时
below the horizon triggers the largest
就触动了地球上
migration of life that takes place on our planet
最庞大的生命迁徙
One thousand million tones of sea creatures
十亿公吨♥的海洋生物
ascend from the deep ocean to search for food near the surface
从深海中升起到 靠近水面的地方寻找食物
They graze on the phytoplankton under cover of darkness
在黑夜的掩护下 吃着浮游生物
Even so, they are far from safe
虽然如此 它们的生命还是一点也不安全
Other marine hunters follow them,
其他海洋中的猎食者尾随而至
some travelling up from hundreds of metres below
有些来自好几百公尺深的水中
At dawn, the whole procession returns to the safety of the dark depths
在破晓时，整个队伍 回到深幽海水安全的怀抱
The moon too has a great influence on life in the oceans
月亮对海中的生物 也有很大的影响
lts gravitational pull creates the daily advance and retreat of the tides
月球的引力 造成每日潮汐的涨退
But the moon has more than a daily cycle
但月亮循环不只是
Each month it waxes and wanes as it travels around the earth,
每日的盈缺变化而已
and this monthly cycle also triggers events in the ocean
它的月循环 也会引发海洋上的变化
The Pacific Coast of Costa Rica on a very special night
哥斯大黎加的太平洋沿岸 这是个特别的夜晚
lt just after midnight and the tide is coming in
现在午夜刚过，才正要涨潮
The moon is in its last quarter,
下弦月
exactly half way between full and new
刚好在满月与新月中间
For weeks the beach has been empty But that is about to change
海滩已经空了好几个礼拜 但是一切都要改变了
At high tide, turtles start to emerge from the surf
一阵大浪打来 乌龟也开始从水底出现了
At first they come in ones and twos, but within a hour,
刚开始时只有一两只 但在接下来一个小时内
they are appearing all along the beach
海滩上就满满都是了
They are all female Ridley turtles
它们都是雌的榄蠵龟
and over the next six days or so
在接下来的6天多中
four hundred thousand will visit this one beach
有40万只榄蠵龟 会一起来到这座海滩
to lay their eggs in the sand
在沙中产卵
At the peak time, five thousand are coming and going every hour
在尖峰时刻 每小时会有5千只乌龟来去
The top of the beach gets so crowded that
海滩上是如此拥挤
they have to clamber over one another to find a bare patch
它们要爬过同伴的身体前进
where they can dig a nest hole
才能找到一块 可以挖土产卵的地方
A quarter of the world population
世界上有四分之一的绿蠵龟
of Ridley turtles come to this one beach
每年会在一些特定的夜晚
on a few key nights each year
到这个海滩来
The rest of the time, they are widely distributed through the ocean
其它时候它们则 分散在海上各处寻找食物
searching for food, most -a hundreds of miles away from here
最远的生活在 离此好几百里远的地方
This mass nesting is called an arribada
这种大量群集筑巢的习性 叫做集体上岸产卵
How it is co-ordinated is a mystery
这个活动如何组成，至今成谜
but we do know that's arribadas start
但我们已经知道
when the moon is either in its first or its last quarter
集体产卵发生在上弦月 或是下弦月时
Forty million eggs are laid in just a few days
它们在几天之内 就产下了4千万颗蛋
By synchronising their nesting in this way
这些母绿蠵龟
the females ensure that six weeks later
将生产日期同步化
their hatchlings will emerge in such enormous...
就可以确保 孵化出的小龟数量庞大
numbers that predators on the beach
海滩上的掠食者吃都吃不完
are overwhelmed and a significant proportion
这样就会有一定数量的小乌龟
of the baby turtles will get past them and make it to the water
可以逃过魔爪，安全抵达大海
But why do the females use a cue from the moon
为什么母龟要用月的盈缺
to help in synchronising their nesting?
做一同产卵的暗号♥？
Part of the answer to that becomes clear at dawn on the following morning
部分的答案在隔日破晓时 就可以一窥究竟
The day shift of predators are arriving for their first meals
早晨的掠食者刚抵达 正要享用第一顿餐食
Vultures have learnt that the returning tide
退潮会将沙子洗去 露出刚产下的蛋的道理
can wash freshly laid eggs out of the sand
秃鹰老早就懂了蛋会因为潮汐
The risk of eggs being exposed by the surf
而暴露在外的危险
may be part of the reason why turtle arribadas
也许是让乌龟的集体
tend to occur around the last or first quarter of the moon
在上弦或下弦月时 产卵的原因之一
lt's on such days as this, when the moon is neither full nor new,
在这个时候 月亮不是满月也不是新月
that the tides are weakest and the sea is likely to be calmer
潮汐是最弱的 海上也比较平静
So at these times, it easier for the female turtles
在这段时间，母龟
to make their way through the surf
可以克服海浪来到水面上
and there less chance of their eggs
而它们产下的蛋
being washed out of the sand and being taken by the vultures
也比较不会因冲刷而暴露在外 而被秃鹰吃掉
The moon monthly cycle and its influence on the tides triggers
月亮每个月的循环 及它对潮汐的影响
many events in the ocean, from the spawning of the corals
引发了一连串的海洋生态事件
on the Great Barrier reef to the breeding cycles of fish
从大堡礁珊瑚的产卵 到鱼类繁殖的循环
But there an even longer rhythm
但是还有一个更长的节奏
that has the most profound effect of all
带给一切事物最全面的影响
the annual cycle of the sun
就是太阳的年周期
The sun position relative to the earth changes
太阳与地球的相对位置
through the year and it this that produces the seasons
在一年当中不断改变 这也是造成季节的原因
ln the north, spring comes as the sun begins to rise higher in the sky
在北方，当太阳开始升得越来越高 就表示春天来了
Off the coast of North West America,
就在西北美的岸边
the seas are transformed by the increasing strength of the sunshine
海洋因为 太阳不断增加的强度而改变了
Here in Alaska the coastal waters turn
在阿♥拉♥斯加，海岸的水域
green with a sudden bloom of phytoplankton
因为浮游生物突然暴增而变绿
Herring that have spent the winter far out to sea,
在深远的大海中 度过冬天的鲱鱼
time their return to the shallow waters to coincide with this bloom
算好了回到浅水域的时间 好碰上浮游生物的大繁殖
They come in vast numbers and initiate
它们以惊人的数量靠近
one of the most productive food chains in all the oceans
并开启了海洋中 最具生产力的食物链
Humpback whales are at the top of that food chain
座头鲸就在食物链的最顶端
They have spent the winter breeding in the warmer tropical waters off Hawaii
春天时她们会在热带 温暖的夏威夷水域中生育
But there was little food for them there
但是那里的食物太少