蓝色星球（2001）

of open water for air-breathing animals
提供了换气的通道
Belugas, migrating to their feeding grounds,
迁徙回到这里的白鲸
use these leads to penetrate the ice-covered seas
靠这些裂缝 来穿越受冰覆盖的海洋
and reach areas where their preferred food,
到达它们爱吃的北极鳕鱼
Arctic cod, has spent the winter
在冬天的藏身处
The males regularly dive to about five hundred metres to find fish
雄鲸鱼经常会潜入 约500公尺处去觅食
The females and young, which have smaller lungs, only go to about 350
肺部较小的雌鲸及幼鲸 则只潜到约350公尺深处
ln late June and July, narwhals arrive
六月底七月初时 独角鲸出现了
The females, who usually lack tusks, come first with their new calves
通常没有角的雌鲸 会先与小鲸鱼出现
The males follow a little later
雄鲸稍晚才会现身
They also move up the leads in search of fresh feeding grounds
它们同样会从裂缝中 向上寻找新的觅食点
Bowheads. Up to 1 8 metres long and weighing a hundred tonnes,
巨头鲸 长可达18公尺重100吨♥
these are the only large whales that stay in the Arctic all year round
是唯一会整年 停留在北极的大鲸鱼
They are not after fish They are seeking smaller prey
它们不吃鱼 它们的目标是较小的动物
Despite having the largest mouths in the animal kingdom,
虽然拥有动物界中最大 像车♥库♥般的嘴巴
the size of a small garage, they eat tiny crustaceans
它们吃的却是微小的甲壳类
copepods straining them from the water with the fourmetre long strips
以上颚边4尺长的鲸须
of baleen that hang from their upper jaws
将它们从水中过滤出来
ln the summer they store enough energy to last them
夏天时它们储存足够的能量
through the following winter, when food will be less abundant
以撑过食物贫乏的冬天
As the ice melts away, the polar bears are forced to head for land
融冰时北极熊被迫移至陆地
They are excellent swimmers and can cover a hundred miles
它们的泳技绝佳 必要时可以横越
of continuous open water if need be
100英里的水
Off east Greenland, there is little ice left by August,
东方的绿岛上 在八月时冰已融尽
so walruses haul out to rest on land
海象群爬上岸休息
At this time of the year they are moulting,
此时正值脱皮期
getting rid of their old scarred and parasite-ridden skin
可以换去受伤长虫的皮肤
A bathe in the cold water brings some relief from the itching
浸泡冰水 有助于纾缓皮肤痒的状况
But even there, the odd scratch is irresistible
但即使如此 仍免不了搔痒的怪动作
They make daily excursions out to deeper water
它们每天都会到深海一游
Down at 20 metres, they root around in the sediment,
在20尺深处 它们停在沉淀物上
using their sensitive bristles to search out soft-shelled clams
靠灵敏的毛发找寻软壳蚌类
Once they find a clam, they suck its flesh from the shell
一但找到蚌类 便用有力
with their powerful, muscular mouths
结实的嘴将蚌肉吸出
Walruses can feed for about five minutes at this depth
海象在此深度能觅食约5分钟
before they have to return to the surface to breathe
然后就得回水面呼吸
Elsewhere in the Arctic, belugas are gathering in their thousands
北极的其他地方 白鲸开始成群聚集
They congregate in just a few large estuaries
它们只聚集在几个大的海湾
Belugas of all ages and sizes come here
各种年龄和尺寸的白鲸都到此
There are even young calves
甚至是幼小的白鲸
Some are so young - born only a week or so ago - that they need help
有些年纪小到只有几周大的 还需要协助
They swim on their mothers' backs so that they can breathe more easily
它们游在母亲的背上 因此能更顺畅的呼吸
As the tide moves up the estuary, the belugas follow,
当潮水上涨白鲸顺势上游
swimming into surprisingly shallow water
游进难以想像的浅滩
Like walruses, they also need to moult
它们像海象一样需要脱皮
A combination of warm fresh water and vigorous rubbing
借着温水及配合了 与碎石的摩擦
against the gravel does the trick
便能达到目的
They remain here for days, or even weeks,
它们在此停留数天或数周
so it's likely that socialising is also important to them
所以社交活动也十分重要
After moulting, they head back out to sea to feed
脱皮后它们会重回海中觅食
lt's now autumn and the sea begins to freeze over, once again
秋天来临海上再次开始结冰
Thin sheets of ice form at the surface and pile up,
薄冰在水面成形再层层堆叠
layer upon layer, gradually creating an impenetrable barrier
渐渐形成一个无法穿透的屏障
By late November, the Arctic Ocean is sealed once again by ice
十一月末，北极海再度被冰封
The lights of the aurora play in the winter sky
北极光在冬季的天空飞舞
At the other end of the planet - in the Antarctic
在地球的另一端 南极
there is the southern aurora
也有南极光
Antarctica is now emerging from winter
南极刚从冬天里复苏
This is the coldest, windiest place in the world
这是世界上最寒冷的地方
Temperatures are still hovering at a numbing minus 50
气温仍盘旋在 令人麻木的零下50度
and the returning sun has virtually no warmth
重现的阳光也不具任何温暖
Very few animals can survive such extreme conditions
极少动物 能存活在这样极端的环境
But emperor penguins can
但皇帝企鹅可以
Standing on the frozen sea, they endure the full force of the Antarctic storms
站在冰冻的海上 它们忍♥受南极暴风的强大威力
Only by huddling together can they can survive the appalling winter months
唯有紧靠一起 能让它们度过可怕的寒冬
They take it in turns to bear the brunt of the gales
它们轮流抵挡强风的侵袭
They can only live here at all because Antarctica is surrounded
它们得以生存在此 是因南
by the Great Southern Ocean and no land predators have been able to reach it,
极受南海的围绕 没有掠食者能到达这里
so unlike Arctic animals, they're not threatened by polar bears
所以它们不像北极的动物 会受到北极熊的威胁
The sea is still frozen
海水依旧冻结
But one seal, nonetheless, manages to stay here,
但这只海豹却得以在此停留
even throughout the winter...
甚至度过整个寒冬
... the Weddell seal
这是纬斗海豹
Underwater, it's protected from the storms above
它在水面下躲避风暴的威胁
But it must have access to the air all year - in order to breathe
但它一整年都需有呼吸的管道
And they keep their breathing holes open - with their teeth
它们靠牙齿来确保换气口畅通
Only by continually scraping away at the ice can they maintain access to the air
只有不断地磨冰 才能保有它们的呼吸通道
But that means that their teeth get badly worn down
但它们的牙齿也因此受损严重
Then they can no longer hunt and eat effectively
导致无法再有效地狩猎或进食
Weddell seals die young
纬斗海豹寿命不长
The continent of Antarctica is so isolated
南极洲既孤
and so high - almost five thousand metres in places
立地势又高 有些地方几乎有五千公尺
that it's considerably colder than the Arctic
因此相对比北极更冷
lce slides slowly down from its centre towards its rim in immense glaciers
冰块由中心缓慢地 顺着大冰河向边缘滑下
During winter, the continent effectively doubles in size as the sea freezes over
冬季时南极洲由于海水结冰 明显的扩大两倍
lce forms around its shores and extends outwards
冰在岸边成形，并绕整个大♥陆♥
for hundreds of miles around the entire land mass
向外延伸数百里
Under the sea-ice live small shrimp-like creatures - krill
冰冻海水中生存着像虾的生物 磷虾
They have been here all winter
它们已在此过了整个冬天
During these dark months, they feed by scraping algae from the ice
黑暗的时节里 它们靠冰上的海藻维生
Remarkably, they also shrink in size
令人称奇的是它们能缩小
and revert to their juvenile form to save energy
并恢覆年幼以储存精力
As the temperature rises in spring,
春季气温回暖
the ice begins to melt and little air bubbles trapped within it are released
冰开始融化 包在冰中的气泡获得释放
Microscopic algae grow around these bubbles and the krill now graze on them,
微小的海藻在气泡中生长 成为磷虾的主食
gathering them up with their beating legs
它们用蠕动的脚采集海藻
As the sun's rays grow stronger and penetrate deeper into the water,
当阳光转强穿透深海
floating algae begin to flourish and krill leave
浮游植物便开始繁衍
the dwindling ice and gather in swarms as they harvest this new crop
磷虾离开缩小的冰块 群集享受丰盛的新作物
Far to the north, beyond the blanket of sea ice,
远在北方的冰冻海水下
chinstrap penguins have been overwintering in the open ocean
帽带企鹅在大海中过冬
The occasional iceberg gives them the chance of a rest
偶尔出现的冰山 让它们有喘息的机会
if they can get onto it
如果它们能爬到上面的话
But at this time of year, where they really want to be is on land
但此时的它们 最想要的是能上岸
lt's just getting there that's tricky
如何做到却非易事
lt's spring and the penguins are returning to breed
春天来临 企鹅们开始繁衍后代
Their need to get ashore is now urgent and imperative
它们上岸的需求 此时更加迫切紧急
Doing so is all a matter of timing - and picking the right wave
时机是最大的要素 它们必须选对海浪
But their journey has only just begun
它们的旅程才刚开始
Most of them will have to walk many miles before they can find a nest site
它们多数需走上好远的路 才能找到产卵的地点
This is Zavodovski lsland, which has the largest penguin colony in the world
这里是扎弗德斯基岛 此处有世上最大的企鹅群
About two million chinstraps breed here
约有两百万帽带企鹅在此繁衍
and they come to this island for a good reason
它们选择这里是有其原因的
lt's an active volcano
这是个活火山
The heat from the crater and the fumeroles
火山口的热气和浓烟
keeps the slopes free from the ice and snow,
使山坡无法结冰或储雪
allowing these chinstraps to start breeding earlier than those further south
这些帽带企鹅因此 能比南方的企鹅提早生殖
But then again, living on an active volcano is not without its risks
但生存活火山上也有冒险之处
Unlike the emperors, these penguins are able to lay their eggs on the bare ground
有别于皇帝企鹅 这些企鹅可以将卵下在陆地上
Little wonder so many of them choose to brave
难怪它们会不惜挑战大风浪
the mountainous waves in order to get here
也要来到此地
Further south, near the continent,
往南靠洲大♥陆♥的地方
the blanket of sea ice is beginning to break up
海水的冰层开始破裂
lcebergs are gigantic fragments of ice that have broken away
冰山是冰河前端
into the sea from the front of glaciers
碎裂的巨大碎片
During the winter they were frozen into the sea ice,
它们在冬天时被冰封入海中
but now they are set adrift once more
现在它们又再度沉浮于海上
As the bergs break up, they form brash ice
冰山裂开后会形成急骤的冰雨
lt litters the backwaters of the Antarctic Peninsula
并捣乱南极半岛的逆向水流
Minke whales make their way into these placid waters in summer
小须鲸在夏天来到平静的海水