蓝色星球（2001）

The coast - the frontier between land and sea
海岸线 陆地和海洋的边境
This is the most dynamic of all the ocean habitats
是海洋生态最富活力的地带
The challenge here is to survive change
这里的挑战是战胜改变
Extreme change
极端的改变
Cape Douglas, on the most westerly of the Galapagos islands,
道格拉斯海角，位于加拉帕戈斯群岛的最西部
totally unprotected from the massive rollers of the Pacific Ocean
受尽太平洋巨浪的侵袭
and one of the roughest coastlines in the world
是世界上最崎岖的海岸线之一
The marine iguanas of the Galapagos are the world's only sea-going lizards
加拉帕戈斯群岛的海鬣蜥 是世上唯一谙水性的蜥蜴
Seaweed is all they eat, but doing so is a dangerous business
它们只以海藻为食 但这么做却是危险的
The local crabs have become specially flattened,
当地的螃蟹特别的扁平
minimising the effect of the pounding waves
将海浪拍击的效果减到最低
And the iguanas have huge claws to grip the rocks
海鬣蜥可以用爪子抓住石头
This seaweed really is fast food
海藻真可算是它们的速食
There are only a few seconds in which to grab a few mouthfuls
因为它们只能在下个碎浪
before the next breaker comes pounding in
拍击前的几秒内吃下几口
Female iguanas feed only on the exposed rocks,
母蜥蜴只在裸♥露♥的石块上觅食
but the males which are larger swim and dive beneath the surface to reach the weed
较大的公蜥蜴 则会潜入水中寻找海藻
They go as deep as ten metres,
它们能潜至10公尺处
for there beyond the destructive reach of the waves, they find the best fronds
因为在不受海浪干扰的深处 有最可口的植物
Being cold-blooded they have to return to land
属性冷血的它们必须于 10分钟内
after about ten minutes or so to warm up again in the sun
回陆地的阳光下取暖
Finding food is not the only challenge for coastal residents
觅食并非海岸生物唯一的挑战
These rocky shores are hardly a safe place to lay their eggs
多岩的海岸并不是产卵的安全地点
and each year the marine iguanas have to journey inland
每年海鬣蜥都需至内陆
to find a more suitable one
寻找较适合的地点
The females lay their eggs in burrows and leave them there to hatch,
母蜥蜴在洞穴中产卵 并将它们留在那里孵化
and to do that they need nice soft sand
因此需要找到细致柔软的沙
Down at the water edge, it was easy to escape danger in rocky crevices,
在岸边 躲在石缝中能轻易的逃过危险
but up here the females are dangerously exposed
但母蜥蜴暴露在这里 却十分危险
A Galapagos hawk
加拉帕戈斯鹰
The lizards don't give up without a struggle
这只蜥蜴不会毫无反抗地 轻言放弃
These hawks stay on the coast all year But they are exceptional
这些飞鹰长年留在海岸 但它们十分特殊
The majority of the birds that frequent this frontier
经常出没于此边界的鸟
spend most of their time elsewhere - in or above the open ocean
大多停留在别处 无论是海面上或海水中
However all seabirds have to come to land in order to lay their eggs
然而所有的海鸟 都必须上岸来产卵
And after spending many lonely months searching the ocean for food,
经过在海上觅食的漫长寂寞后
they have to re-establish their social relationships
它们必须重建社交关系
Frigate birds display and exchange nesting material
军舰鸟会展示并交换筑巢材料
Waved albatross dance
波浪信天翁会跳舞
The need to lay their egg on firm ground ties the albatross to the coast
由于必需在稳固陆地♥产♥卵，信天翁离不开海岸
but parental responsibilities are shared
但它们会共同分担父母的责任
While one looks after the egg, ...the other can go off to feed
当其一负责看守卵 另外一个就会外出觅食
The need to breed brings many different animals
繁殖的需求使得每年会有
to the coast each year for a few weeks
许多不同的动物到此停留数周
Male sea turtles spend all their lives at sea, but the females,
雄海龟一生都留在海里 但雌海龟
like birds, must come to land to lay their eggs
需上岸产卵
To do that green turtles that live and feed off the coast of Brazil
为此，在巴西海岸生活及觅食的绿龟
swim fifteen hundred miles to the tiny island of Ascension
会游1500英里 到位于大西洋
that lies bang in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
中♥央♥的阿森松岛上
Exactly how they manage to navigate with such accuracy
至于它们如何精准的找到
and find this tiny lump of rock, just seven miles wide is a mystery
这个只有7里宽的小石台 仍旧是个谜
But each year up to five thousand turtles manage to do so and then,
但每年有约5千只海龟到此
close to the coast of Ascension, they mate
在靠近阿森松的海岸边交♥配♥
Travelling to and from Ascension and nesting here can take up to six months
往来阿森松并筑巢的过程 可花费6个月
and throughout that entire time, none of them feed at all
这段时间它们完全不进食
After mating a female has to leave her natural element
交♥配♥后雌海龟会违反本能
and haul herself up onto land
将自己拖曳到陆地上
She does so at night, laying about three or four times
她会在夜间行动 在每次间隔15天的周期内
at around fifteen day intervals
产卵3到4次
After that she then swims all the way back to the seas off Brazil
之后她会游回巴西海边
She returns to this very same island throughout her life
她一生中会不断重回这个岛
Remarkably, all the world's sea turtles return year after year
值得注意的是 地球上所有的海龟都长年往返
to just a few traditional breeding sites
几处惯例的繁殖地
Crab lsland, in Australia, is one of them
澳洲的螃蟹岛便是其中之一
This tiny two-mile long crescent of sand,
这个横躺在昆士兰北端几里处
lying a few miles off Queensland's northerly tip,
2里长的小新月形岛
provides nesting sites for half the entire population
提供了世上最罕见海龟之一
of one of the world's rarest sea turtles
其中半数的筑巢地点
Flat-backed turtles are large, over a metre long
平背龟体型较大 超过1公尺长
but they have to be careful
的它们仍需小心
There are other giant reptiles here too
这里还有其他巨大的爬虫类
Salt-water crocodiles
盐水鳄鱼
Every night throughout the year
每天晚上
there are flat-backs burying their eggs all along this lonely stretch of sand
都有平背龟 在这孤寂沙岸上埋藏它们的卵
Nine weeks later and things are about to happen
九周后事情即将发生
These eyes shining in the darkness belong to night herons
这些闪烁在黑夜中的眼睛
As if from nowhere, hundreds of birds suddenly appear on the sand dunes
为夜苍鹭所有，上百只鸟 好像突然凭空出现在沙丘上
Pelicans wait patiently
鹈鹕耐心的等待着
Jabiru storks pace up and down
大鹳鸟来回踱步着
Before long they see what they've been waiting for.
很快的它们发现了 它们所殷切期盼的
Because these turtles lay their eggs throughout the year,
因为这些海龟经年都在产卵 每晚都有
the hatchlings emerge night after night in a steady trickle of beak sized meals
源源不绝的小海龟 成为鸟类的晚餐
Pelican's broad beaks allow them to dig out the hatchlings
鹈鹕宽大的嘴让它们能在
before the herons can spear them on the surface
苍鹭出击前将小海龟挖出
The surf may be hundreds of metres away
海浪有几百米之遥
and at least a third of the tiny turtles do not survive the journey
而至少有三分之一的小海龟 无法存活
And its not just the birds that take them
而将它们吞下的不只有鸟类
Crocodiles, sharks and hungry fish are all waiting in the shallows
鳄鱼，鲨鱼及饥饿的鱼 都在浅滩上等待
ln fact only one in every hundred hatchlings will survive to adulthood
事实上只有百分之一的小海龟 能存活到成年期
Another beach, another continent, and a very special night
在另一个海滩，另一洲 一个十分不一样的夜晚
Here in Costa Rica there is a turtle which has found a way of reducing these dangers
哥斯达黎加有一种海龟 找到了降低这些危险的办法
When Ridley's turtles arrive to lay their eggs
当黎德利海龟上岸产卵时
they don't come in tens or hundreds... but in thousands
它们不只出现十只或百只 它们为数上千
Over the next six days around four hundred thousand females will visit this beach
接下来的6天会约有40万的 雌海龟造访这个海滩
At the peak time, five thousand are coming and going each hour
尖峰时间每小时会有5千只
The beach gets so crowded that they have to clamber over one another
海滩过度拥挤 于是它们必须爬过彼此
to find a bare patch of sand where they can dig a nest hole
才能找到一块可挖洞的空地
Forty million eggs are laid in these few days
这数天内会产生4千万颗卵
So these turtles ensure that six weeks later
所以这些海龟可以确信六周后
when their hatchlings emerge it's not just a trickle
小海龟的出现不只是细水长流
lt's a flood
而是如泛滥的洪水
On some nights, over two million hatchlings race down to the sea together
有些夜晚，超过两百万的小海龟会一同急速奔向海洋
With so many appearing simultaneously,
小海龟数量可观的同时出现
the predators are overwhelmed and most of the young turtles reach the sea safely
会震惊一旁的掠食者，大部分小海龟也能平安抵达海中
Leaving the sea and emerging onto land is hard enough for turtles
离开海水爬上陆地，对海龟来说已非易事
lt'd even harder for fish
对鱼类更是艰难
Each year for hundreds of miles along the Newfoundland coast,
纽芬兰数百英里的海岸上
capelin throw themselves onto the beaches
每年都有胡瓜鱼 将自己甩到海滩上
At least a million tonnes of fish floundering out of the water
至少有百万吨♥的鱼挣扎出水面
a real gift for scavenging eagles and gulls
对秃鹰及海鸥来说 可谓是天赐的好礼
Odd though it may seem for a fish, these capelin,
虽然对鱼类而言有些奇怪 但这些胡瓜鱼
like the turtles, have also come out of the sea to breed
就像海龟一样 是离开海水来繁衍后代的
The males are trying to fertilise the eggs
雄鱼正试着让
that the females are depositing in the sand
雌鱼产在沙上的卵受精
Like the Ridley's turtles,
如同黎德利海龟
they have synchronised their mass laying with the tide
它们也配合潮汐大量的产卵
ln a few days it will be over
几天内一切都将结束
Most of the capelin die but only after they've left their eggs in the sand
多数的胡瓜鱼会死去 但只会在它们在沙中产卵之后
Other capelin populations lay their eggs
其他的胡瓜鱼在海中产卵
in the ocean so why do the Newfoundland fish spawn on land
为何只有纽芬兰种会在陆地上
lt seems that eggs deposited in the beach may be safer
原因似乎是产在海滩的卵 较易躲过掠食者的攻击，
from predators and develop faster than in colder waters out to sea
也比产在冰海水中的卵 更快速成长
But wherever they do so, the huge spawning shoals
但无论以何种方式 广大的产卵浅滩
provide the concentration of food that seabirds need when they assemble to breed
为到此繁殖的海鸟 提供了大量的食物
Ninety five percent of the world's seabirds nest together,
地球上95%的海鸟群聚筑巢
mostly in large spectacular colonies
而多数会形成庞大壮观的聚落
This is Funk lsland forty miles off the coast of Newfoundland
这是距纽芬兰海岸40里的 方克岛
an isolated rock crammed with breeding seabirds
一个挤满繁殖中海鸟的孤岛
This was the last breeding ground for the flightless Great Auk, sadly now extinct
这曾是无法飞行的大海雀的最后繁殖地，可惜它们已绝种
Today it's still the world's largest Guillemot colony
今日这里仍有最大的海鸠聚落