蓝色星球（2001）

Over a million of them share the crowded island with 250,000 gannets
为数超过百万的它们，与25万只塘鹅共享拥挤的小岛
lt's not the lack of suitable sites
海鸟如此密集的群聚繁殖
that causes the seabirds to breed in such densities
并非是缺乏合适的地点
Here in the North Atlantic, there's a wide choice of
在北大西洋有许多
empty coastline that the birds could use
空旷的海岸线可供繁殖
The key factor limiting the size and location of seabird colonies
局限海鸟聚落大小 及地点的关键
seems to be the availability of food in the surrounding ocean
似乎是邻近海洋里食物的多寡
There are lots of hungry mouths to feed and a constant demand for fish
这里有太多等着进食的嘴 而对鱼类的需求也不间断
Throughout the long summer days at colonies like funk,
漫长的夏天在方克岛上
There's a continual stream of birds, heading out to the ocean to find food
总有络绎不绝的鸟 飞向海上寻找食物
and returning with full crops to feed their young
并带着满满的收获 回来喂食它们的后代
Gannets will travel up to two hundred miles
塘鹅会为一趟觅食之旅
from the colony on a single foraging trip
飞上200里的航程
They are not fussy eaters and will take everything
它们并不挑剔，几乎无所不吃
from tiny sand eels to herring
无论是小玉筋鱼还是鲱鱼
Puffins, on the other hand, are very particular about
而善知鸟便非如此
what they eat and because they can only fly short distances,
它们对吃很谨慎 因为它们只能作短程飞行
they only nest where there's a good supply of suitable food close by
所以它们都在 有适当食物的邻近处筑巢
One such place is the sea of Okhotsk in far eastern Russia
东俄♥罗♥斯♥的鄂霍次克海 就是适合的地点之一
This is the island of Talan
这是泰仑岛
Throughout the long arctic winter, it is encircled by ice
整个漫长的北极冬天 它一直被冰所环绕
But as spring approaches, that begins to break up
当春季来临，冰开始融化
and seabirds that have spent the winter feeding out
冬天在南方觅食的海鸟 开始回归
on the open ocean far to the south begin to return
它孤立的位置及悬崖峭壁
lts isolated position and steep cliffs make Talan a perfect nesting site
使泰仑岛成为完美的筑巢地
The Tufted Puffins arrive first
穗饰善知鸟率先抵达
These are the Pacific cousins of our less spectacular Atlantic species
它们是较不华丽的大西洋品种的太平洋远亲
Horned puffins soon follow
有角善知鸟紧跟在后
ln all, fourteen different species return to Talan each spring
每个春天有约14个不同的品种
and in just a few weeks the once silent cliffs
回到泰仑岛
come alive to the calls of 4 million breeding seabirds
原本寂静的悬崖在数周内 因400万海鸟的到来而苏醒
This is a multi-storey avian city
这是个多层楼的鸟类城市
Assembling in these dense colonies after having spent a largely solitary life
漫长的独♥立♥海上生活后 能加入稠密的聚落
at sea provides the birds with the social stimulation
为这些鸟类提供了社交刺♥激♥
that is the key to co-ordinating their breeding
也是它们学习哺育后代的关键
By nesting and laying together they ensure that
同时筑巢产卵使它们确信
most of their chicks will leave the nest at exactly the same time
多数的小鸟会同时离巢
Just like the turtles this is the way they spread the impact of predators
如同海龟一般 这是它们吓退掠食者的方法
The world's largest eagle - Steller's sea eagle
世界上最大的雕——虎头海雕
A third as big again as a golden
比金雕大三分之一
Throughout the summer, the eagles hunt in Talan's crowded colonies
整个夏季老鹰们 在泰仑岛密集的繁衍区狩猎
Riding on the updrafts, they patrol the top of the cliffs,
乘着气流 它们在悬崖上盘旋
looking out for any Kittiwake that ventures too far from the rock face
寻找离岩石太远的三趾鸥
Suddenly the huge eagle stoops with the aerial agility of a falcon
突然间大老鹰以猎鹰 灵敏的飞行技巧俯冲而下
Co-ordinated panic among the kittiwakes confuses their attacker
三趾鸥合群的恐慌 使侵犯者也乱了阵脚
But the eagle doesn't give up
但老鹰并不就此罢休
And it has got one
它逮到了一只
Another kind of seabird on Talan has a particularly effective way
另一种泰仑岛上的海鸟
of defending itself against predators
有一种特别有效的自卫方式
but it doesn't appear until an hour before sunset
但只有在太阳下山 前1小时才出现
As if from nowhere, dense swarms of seabirds suddenly arrive off-shore
成群的海鸟突然地出现在岸边
They're spent the day feeding far away, where the sea ice has already broken up
它们花了一整天时间 在已融冰的海上觅食
They are crested auklets, hardly bigger than starlings
它们是冠小海雀，几乎与欧掠鸟同样大小
A million of them return to Talan each year to nest in its fields of boulders
每年有上百万的冠小海雀回到泰仑岛的卵石上筑巢
For an hour before sunset, the hillsides comes alive
日落的前一小时 庞大的海鸦群
with huge flocks of circling auklets They're nervous
让山坡活了起来 它们很紧张
No one wants to be the first to land
没有一只愿意率先登陆
Auklets are very social when they are back together at the coast
海鸦回到海岸时会十分热络
One of the advantages of nesting in such densities
筑巢在稠密的聚落中有个优点
may be the chance to share information on good feeding sites
是能分享觅食圣地的讯息
lt also gives them the opportunity to court
同时也是求偶的好机会
But perhaps most importantly, there is safety in numbers
但最重要的也许是 数量所带来的安全感
Ravens and peregrines circle above the scree slope every evening
乌鸦及游隼每天晚上 都盘旋在岩屑坡上
By taking off together, the auklets hope to confuse the predators
海鸦希望它们的同时起飞 能困惑掠食者
Eventually their persistence pays off
它们的坚持终究得到代价
The birds that face the greatest challenge in coming
鸟类至海岸筑巢
to the coast to nest are surely the penguins
面临最大挑战的非企鹅莫属
Unable to fly, they have no alternative but to brave the immense waves
无法飞行的它们 只能选择勇敢面对大海浪
Most penguins live in the southern ocean
多数的企鹅居住在南方的海
and they have to accept being hurled about by the surf
它们必须接受浪花的袭击
Whatever the weather, the penguin parents have to come back to feed their chicks
无论天气如何，企鹅父母 都必须回去喂养小企鹅
A southern sea lion bull
这是南海狮牛
he knows the penguins always use the same traditional landing beach
它知道企鹅总是 从同一个海滩登陆
Having braved the thundering surf,
穿越汹涌的海浪后
the penguins have to make a mad dash across open rock to get to their nests
企鹅们必须通过空旷礁岩 急速回到巢穴
Despite his massive size and a body adapted for swimming,
仅管体型硕大及善于游泳的
the bull chases the penguins for forty or fifty metres across the rocks
狮牛仍在陆地的岩石上 追逐了企鹅约四五十公尺
Having caught his penguin, the sea lion carries it out into deeper water where,
抓到企鹅后 海狮将它带到深海中
by violently thrashing the little body, he skins his meal
猛烈撞击那小身躯 它将它的食物剥了皮
The seas around the Falklands are some of the roughest in the world
福克兰群岛周围的海 是世上最崎岖不平的海岸之一
ln spite of that, the southern ocean is home to millions of tiny seabirds
尽管如此 这里仍是数百万大小同于海燕
hardly bigger than swallows-petrels
的小海鸟的故乡
Being so small they are very vulnerable to the bad weather
娇小的体型 使它们容易受天气的灾害
A severe storm can blow them miles off course
严重的风暴能将它们
and keep them away from their nests for days
吹离巢穴数天
But these birds have developed a very effective solution to that problem
但这些鸟儿已有 应对这问题的好方法
They lay a rather special egg
它们产的卵十分奇特
Most bird's eggs, left exposed for even a few hours, will chill and never hatch
多数鸟类的卵暴露在外数小时 便会受寒而无法孵化
But these eggs are different
但这些卵不同
They can be left for several days without incubation and remain undamaged...
当它们的父母 还在暴风中挣扎的时候
...while the parents struggle home through the storm
它们可以几天不受照顾 也不会受任何损害
Prions have also come up with a good way to avoid most predators
水剃鸟也发展出一套 防范掠食者的办法
They never come back to the coast until after dark
它们只在入夜后才回到岸边
These are Thin-billed Prions
它们是薄嘴水剃鸟
Their burrows honeycomb this hillside in the Falklands
它们的洞穴让福克兰群岛 的山坡像是蜂窝
lt'd deserted throughout the daylight hours...
白天时这里有如荒废
...but as soon as it's dark
但天色一暗
and difficult for airborne predators to hunt...
飞行的掠食者狩猎困难时
...the prions return
剃鸟就回来了
As soon as they land, they call
它们一着陆就开始叫
The problem, of course...
难题在于如何
...is finding your burrow among all the others
在众多巢穴中如何找到自己的
He's listening out for his mate's call...
它要找出伴侣的叫声
...and down he goes.
随后钻进洞穴
The Alaskan coast
阿♥拉♥斯加海岸
lt's spring and the last of the winter storms is subsiding
现在是春天 最后一场冬天的暴风正消退中
The plankton in this sea is in bloom again and just off shore,
海中的浮游生物再度茂密
humpback whales have returned to feed
座头鲸也回到海滨觅食
For these huge animals, there is a real risk in coming into such shallow water
对这些大型动物而言 游进浅滩是极端危险的
and each year a good number of them pay the price
每年有众多鲸鱼得到教训
lt is an ignominious ending for an ageing whale
对一只年长的鲸鱼来说 是个可耻的结束
But so much flesh will not go to waste
但这么多的鱼肉不会被浪费
A black bear emerges cautiously from the woods
一只黑熊小心翼翼地 从树林中出现
Visitors to the coast that don't come to breed, have usually come to scavenge
不为繁殖而来此的访客 通常都是来掠夺食物
A whole range of different animals have learnt to exploit
为数众多的动物都意识到
the enormous quantity of food...
大量的食物
.....that washes up everyday on coastlines around the world
每天被浪费在 地球不同的海岸上
But like so much at the coast the quantity of flotsam
但海岸上的状况不定
and jetsam is unpredictable
漂流物的数量是无法预估的
Nobody can rely on it alone
没有人可以只依赖这些
This carcass even attracted a shy pack of wolves only too happy
这些尸体甚至引来群害羞的狼 兴奋地
to anoint themselves with the...
在身上沾上
...scent of rotting whale
腐坏鲸鱼的味道
lt was months before the scavengers finally
这些食腐者耗费了 数个月的时间
cleaned up all the meat on this huge and...
才将这个既大又难以意料的
...unpredictable gift from the sea
海洋之礼清干净
Whales give birth to their young at sea and so can spend their entire lives there
鲸鱼在海水中产下后代 也在海中度过一生
Other marine mammals - one of that are in fact distant cousins of bears
其他的海洋哺乳动物 其中事实上属于熊的远亲者
have to return... each year to their ancestral home on land
每年则必须回到 它们祖先的陆上故乡
The high arctic Here lives one of them...the walrus
北极圈顶端 这里有其中之一-海象