地球脉动（2006）

这只重达六吨♥雄性非洲象正值壮年
This six-tonne African bull elephant is in his prime.
为了在争夺雌性的战斗中占据优势
To stand the best chance of winning fights for females,
它需要变得更壮
he needs to be big.
它能闻到富含营养的食物就在附近
He can smell highly nutritious food is near.
但为此它将不得不进入人类的领地
But crossing the boundary to reach it
这会是一趟危险的旅程
is a dangerous journey.
雄象必须等到夜幕降临
He must wait for the cover of darkness.
这些肯尼亚的农民正在为夜晚做准备
These Kenyan farmers are preparing for the night ahead.
两个月来 他们不得不每个夜晚
They have had to guard their crops every night
都守在庄稼旁
for the last two months.
离收割庄稼只有两天了
With only two days until harvest,
现在是关键时刻
this is a critical time.
一夜之间
In a single night,
一只雄象就可以摧毁十个农民
a bull elephant can destroy the entire crops
一整季的收成
produced by ten farmers.
雄象决定冒这个险
But he's taking a huge risk.
雄象是人类的两倍高
He's twice the height of a man...
并且不会轻易退缩
...and he won't back down easily.
这种人类与野生动物间的冲突 每个晚上都在发生
This human-wildlife conflict happens night after night.
每年 仅在肯尼亚
And each year, it takes the lives
就有多达200只大象和20个人因此丧生
of up to 200 elephants and 20 people in Kenya alone.
这场对峙可能会是致命的
This standoff is potentially lethal.
农民不得不寻求
The farmers have had to call for help
一支经验丰富的护林队伍的帮助
from a team of highly experienced rangers.
尽管他们全副武装
Although they're armed,
他们的任务是在不伤害大象的情况下
their task is to drive the elephant out of the field
将其赶出田地
without harming it.
然而 雄象打定了主意
But the bull is determined...
拒不退让
...to hold ground.
护林员不得不一步一步
The rangers will have to get closer...
向大象靠近
...on foot.
护林员不得不使用
The rangers have to resort...
鞭炮
...to firecrackers.
雄象被赶出了这片田地
The bull is driven from this field...
退回到灌木丛深处
...and retreats deep into the bush.
幸运的是
Fortunately for this bull,
这场冲突得到了和平解决
the battle has been resolved peacefully.
这样的努力正在减少大象丧生
And efforts like these are seeing fewer elephants killed,
并且肯尼亚的大象数量 也再次开始增长
and their population in Kenya is starting to rise again.
然而 人类活动
But conflict with wildlife
大幅改变地球气候
is now occurring on a far greater scale
已经造成了
as a consequence
更大规模的人类与野生动物的冲突
of the way we are changing the world's climate.
一些干旱地区
Some arid regions
如今正经历着异常的强降水
are now experiencing unusually high rainfall.
这对于在非洲东北部的庄稼种植
And that is good for growing crops
是个好消息
here in northeastern Africa.
然而 这样的气候
But it's also the perfect conditions
也大大滋生了一种昆虫
for one particular insect.
沙漠蝗虫
Desert locusts.
沙漠蝗虫一般是独居动物
They're normally solitary creatures,
但种群数量的大幅增长
but emerging from the sand in great numbers
引发了沙漠蝗虫的剧变
triggers a dramatic physical change.
它们变成了鲜艳的黄色
They turn a vivid yellow
并且高度社会化
and become highly social.
成为了一支无可阻挡的军队
Together, they are an unstoppable army.
依靠步行 它们一天可以翻越近两公里
On foot, they can cover a mile a day.
但步行只能到此为止
But they can only go so far in this way.
它们需要爬到高处
They need to find height.
在这里 蝗虫开始了最后的转变
Up here, they begin their final transformation.
通常 一只昆虫
Normally, it takes an individual insect
至少需要一个月才能羽化成虫
at least a month to become a winged adult...
但在这支蝗虫军队里 发育速度大幅提高
...but in their social form, their development speeds up.
万事俱备 只等翅膀硬化
Now all they need is for their wings to harden.
蝗群一天可以飞越100公里的距离
Once airborne, they can travel 60 miles in a day.
蝗群合并在一起 变成了一场灾难
Swarms merge and they become a plague.
这群数以十亿计的蝗群
This one contains billions of individuals,
一天内啃食的食物
and eats as much in a day
与整个德国相当
as the entire population of Germany.
如今 在非洲东北部
Today in northeastern Africa,
由于气候变化
as a consequence of climate change...
毁灭性的蝗灾
...devastating surges of locusts
越来越频繁
are becoming more frequent.
人类世界与自然世界正在碰撞
Two worlds are colliding.
无意中 人类恰好创造了
Unintentionally, humanity has created exactly the conditions
导致这种物种数量激增的条件
that cause this species to explode in numbers.
而同时还有另一群动物
But another group of animals has seen
因为我们的行为
an even more dramatic rise
数量发生了更为急剧的增长
as a consequence of OUR actions.
我们几乎将一些物种的数量
We have increased the numbers of a few species
提高到了天文数字
almost astronomically.
按重量计
By weight,
如今世界上70%的鸟类都是家鸡
70% of the world's birds are now chickens
以及其他家禽
or other domesticated fowl.
我们每年饲养700亿只家畜
We rear 70 billion farm animals each year...
需要大量的饲料
...and every one of them needs feeding.
为这么多家畜
Producing the food
生产提供饲料
for such numbers of domesticated animals
对自然界造成了深远的影响
is having a profound impact on the natural world.
亚马逊雨林
The Amazon rainforest -
面♥积♥是印度的两倍
twice the size of India.
这里的物种是如此丰富
It's so rich,
地球上十分之一的物种都生活在此处
it contains one in every ten species on the planet.
是这只树懒以及它十个月大的孩子的家园
And it's home to this sloth and her ten-month-old baby.
小树懒出生在一个
He was born into an environment
几乎未受人类破坏的环境中
virtually untouched by humanity.
但如今人类正在染指这片净土
But now human beings are claiming even this space.
年复一年 人类开垦亚马逊雨林的面♥积♥
Year after year, we clear over two million hectares
已超过两百万公顷
of the Amazon forest -
相当于整个威尔士
an area the size of Wales.
我们将每一寸土地
And we use nearly all of it
都用作牛群的养殖
to make more space for cattle...
以及大豆的种植 以喂养家畜
...and to grow soya to feed our livestock.
如今 我们给世界各地的野生动物
Today, habitat destruction is the biggest problem
造成的最大问题 便是栖息地破坏
we have created for wildlife around the world.
这只豪猪在火灾中幸存
This porcupine has survived the fire...
被救了出来
...and is being rescued.
豪猪被重新送到原始森林中
It's being relocated to pristine forests.
这将是它新的家园
This will be its new home.
然而只有少数幸运的动物
Only a fortunate few animals
得到了继续生存的机会
are being given such a second chance.
健康的自然世界 不仅对野生动物至关重要
A healthy natural world is not only vital for wildlife...
也是人类生存的关键
...but for our own very existence.
我们必须设法恢复生态平衡
Somehow we must find ways to redress the balance.
目前 绝大多数农业用地
Currently, the vast majority of agricultural land,
超过75%
more than 75%,
被用来饲养家畜
is used to raise livestock,
而这十分低效
and this is very inefficient.
有一些解决方案
There are solutions.
其中一种是改变饮食
One is considering what we eat.
如果我们从肉奶制品
If we shift away from eating meat and dairy
转向植食性饮食
and move towards a plant-based diet,
太阳能就可以直接用来种植我们需要的食物
then the sun's energy goes directly into growing our food.
而且因为这样效率更高
And because that's so much more efficient,
只需要四分之一的土地
we could still produce enough to feed us,
就能养活全人类
but do so using a quarter of the land.
这样可以腾出相当于
This could free up an area the size of the United States,
美国 中国 欧盟国家以及澳大利亚总和的面♥积♥
China, the European Union and Australia combined...
这些土地将得以回归自然
...space that could then be given back to nature.
人类的创新也许能
And human innovations may be able