地球脉动（2006）

强取豪夺
Wrestling.
功亏一篑
Not this time.
又一只姗姗来迟的林蛙
Another latecomer.
一只雌林蛙
A female.
真命天女会是它吗
Could she be the one?
来得早不如来得巧
Sometimes being late can pay off.
煞费苦心的雄林蛙 不会让这个机会
After all his efforts, the male is not going to let this chance
再次从指间溜走
slip through his fingers.
这里是非洲北部阿特拉斯山脉的雪松林
This is the cedar forest of the Atlas Mountains, in North Africa.
这群地中海猕猴 享受了丰收的夏季
These Barbary macaques enjoyed a summer of plenty,
但好景不常
but now they're paying the price.
这里的冬季刺骨严寒
Winter here can be brutal.
某些年 半数以上的猕猴死在了冬季
In some years, over half the group perish.
在这样一个社会
But in this macaque society,
猕猴的社交能力越强
the more social the monkey,
生存几率便越大
the more likely it is to survive.
抱团取暖效果显著
Keeping warm by huddling can make all the difference.
但也不能一直抱在一起
But they can't huddle all day.
它们为了觅食 不得不从温暖中抽身
They must, eventually, break apart to feed.
猕猴四散分开 寻找食物
They spread out, searching for food.
但到了晚上 猕猴群便会回到雪松树上挤成一团
But each night, the group return to huddle in the cedar trees.
谁也不想被落下
No-one wants to be left out.
尤其是猕猴幼崽
Especially the infants.
不知怎的 这只猕猴幼崽跟大部队分散了
This baby, somehow, has got separated.
它必须回到温暖的怀抱中 以维系生命
He must get back to the life-saving warmth of the huddle,
而且必须尽快
and soon.
然而有一个问题
But there is an obstacle.
一只脾气暴躁的雄猕猴对猕猴幼崽相当冷淡
A grumpy male is giving the baby a rather cold shoulder.
换一种更隐蔽的方式
Maybe a more subtle approach.
雄猕猴决定离开
The male decides to leave.
终于
At last...
得到了热情的欢迎
..an enthusiastic reception.
雄弥猴则运气不佳
The male has had less luck.
将是漫漫长夜等着它
It could be a long night.
抱团似乎是一种表达情感的简单方式
Huddling might seem a simple expression of affection,
但对于这些地中海猕猴来说 这对于生存至关重要
but among these macaques it's essential for survival.
而这样的行为并非绝无仅有
And not just here.
8000公里外的墨西哥树林中
5,000 miles away, in the forests of Mexico,
数百万只黑脉金斑蝶
monarch butterflies, in millions,
也为了生存挤作一团
also huddle for survival.
它们集体飞越北美大♥陆♥
All of them have travelled across North America
躲避冬季的严寒
to escape the winter that is coming there.
这片海拔3000米的森林
This forest, at an altitude of 3,000 metres,
似乎并不能提供舒适的环境
might seem to offer little comfort...
因为这里的气温可降至零度以下
..for temperatures here can drop below freezing,
如此低温能置蝴蝶于死地
and that could kill the butterflies.
然而事实上 树冠保有
But in fact, a thin layer of warm air
薄薄的一层暖空气保护着蝴蝶
trapped by the tree canopy protects them,
只要森林不受干扰
and will do so throughout the winter...
就能一整个冬天为蝴蝶提供保护
..provided that the forest remains undisturbed.
然而 不可预测的极端天气
Unpredictable extremes of weather, however,
会破坏这一微妙平衡
can disrupt this delicate balance.
强风吹进森林深处 降低气温
Strong winds can push deep into the forest, chilling the air.
数十万只蝴蝶
Hundreds of thousands of butterflies
受强风席卷 掉下树枝
may be blown from the branches.
某些年 75%冬眠中的黑脉金斑蝶死于风暴
In some years, storms kill 75% of hibernating monarchs.
这只蝴蝶得以幸存
This one has survived...
但也掉落在地
..but on the ground.
夜间的霜冻足以致命
And night-time frosts are fatal.
因此它不能留在这里
It can't stay here and live.
尽管天气过冷 无法飞翔
It is too cold to fly,
但它必须找个办法 回到树枝上
but it must get back into the tree branches somehow.
因此它开始爬树
So it starts to climb.
困难程度相当于 人类徒手爬上摩天大楼
It's the equivalent of a human climbing up a skyscraper.
终于安全了
Safety, at last.
春天来临时
As spring returns,
黑脉金斑蝶从漫长的沉睡中苏醒
the monarchs wake from their long slumber.
地球上最伟大的自然奇观之一 就此拉开帷幕
And now starts one of the Earth's greatest natural spectacles.
然而 这种集体复苏的生活习性正面临威胁
But this mass awakening is under threat.
气候变化引发越来越多极端天气
The changing climate is creating more extreme weather,
风暴也越来越频繁
and storms are becoming more frequent.
但就目前而言 这一自然奇迹仍在继续
But, for now, this miracle of nature continues.
火灾
Fire.
不可预测且破坏力十足
Unpredictable and destructive.
这里是南非的弗因博斯
This is South Africa's fynbos.
是地球上最植物多样化的栖息地之一
Botanically one of the most diverse habitats on Earth...
生长着8000多种不同的植物
..with over 8,000 different plant species.
然而 每二十年
Yet, every two decades,
火灾将植被焚烧殆尽
fire reduces the vegetation to ashes.
这一切看似是毁灭性的
This may seem catastrophic.
但就在几天后 植物再次焕发生机
But just days later, plants burst into life...
重塑这片土地
..and transform the landscape.
种子与鳞茎 一直在蛰伏等待这个机会
Seeds and bulbs have been waiting for this event.
9000万年的进化 使部分植物
90 million years of evolution alongside fire
得以适应 这片常有火灾的大地
has made some plants so closely adapted
以至于种子只有在浓烟下 才会发芽
that they can't germinate without the presence of smoke.
值得注意的是 地球上约50%的陆地栖息地
Remarkably, around 50% of planet Earth's terrestrial habitats
依靠火来维持群落健康
depend on fire to remain healthy.
在澳大利亚北部 这些稀树草原需要季节性火灾
In Northern Australia, these savannahs need seasonal fires
才能防止森林的扩大 保持草原的开阔
to keep them open and prevent the spread of the nearby forest.
而对于这一多彩的居民来说
And they are a vital habitat
稀树草原是重要的栖息地
for this colourful resident.
稀有的金肩鹦鹉
The rare golden-shouldered parrot.
这只雄性鹦鹉 以及它终身的伴侣
He and his lifelong partner..
依赖于草原提供食物
rely on grassland for both food...
以及筑巢地
..and a nest site.
金肩鹦鹉照例 将卵产在白蚁丘的洞中
As usual, they've laid their eggs in a hole in a termite mound.
如今育有四只雏鸟
And now there are four chicks.
厚厚的泥墙 不仅能保护雏鸟免受捕食者伤害
The thick mud walls don't only protect chicks from predators,
还能遮挡烈日
but insulate them from the heat of the scorching sun.
雏鸟羽翼渐丰
With fledging just days away,
金肩鹦鹉父母加班加点
the parents are working overtime.
每天搜集成千上万枚种子
They collect thousands of seeds every day.
然而有一个问题
But they have a problem.
火灾季节变得越来越不规律
The fire season is becoming more irregular.
如果雏鸟还不会飞
If they are not ready to fly,
它们将无路可逃
chicks have no escape.
但选择在白蚁丘中筑巢 有着意想不到的好处
But choosing to nest in a termite mound has a surprise benefit.
房♥子可以防火
Their home is fireproof.
混泥土般的墙壁 能保护雏鸟不受火焰的伤害
Concrete-like walls keep chicks safe from the flames outside.
在烧焦的土地上
The seeds of fire grass are now easier for the parrots
金肩鹦鹉更容易找到裂稃草的种子
to find on the blackened earth...
这是它们最爱的食物
..and they are the parrots' favourite food.
因此 对于金肩鹦鹉一家来说
So, for both adults and their fledgling chicks...
熊熊烈火对于生存至关重要
..fires are essential for survival.
但如今 它们的草原家园正在缩小
But their grassland home is shrinking,
只有约1000只可爱的金肩鹦鹉幸存
and only about 1,000 of these lovely parrots still survive.
通过人类对于火情的积极管理
It's through the active management of fire by humans
金肩鹦鹉的世界才得以存续
that their world now exists at all.
人类活动 深刻影响着地球上的栖息地
Humans are affecting habitats across planet Earth.
这对于野生动物来说
For wildlife, all too often,
后果往往是灾难性的
the consequences have been disastrous.
大象是耐受力最强的动物之一
Elephants are among the most tolerant of animals.
它们十分长寿
They are very long-lived,
代代相传的知识
and knowledge passed between generations enables them
使大象在极端环境下
to find food and little-used sources of water in times
能够找到食物和隐蔽的水源
of great environmental stress.
但即使如此
But even among elephants,
大象的生存策略 如今也面临挫折
survival strategies are now beginning to fail.
在肯尼亚的安博塞利 多年的极端天气
In Amboseli, Kenya, years of extreme weather,